almost every important branch and phase of city government. And it should be noted that the larger proportion of these papers and discussions are not academic treatises merely, but the results of the experiences of those who have either held municipal offices, or else been active in the field of applied politics.

Among the subjects discussed are: Municipal Accounting, Corrupt Practices and Electoral Reform; The Police Question; The Galveston Experiment; Municipal Ownership and Operation of Public Utilities; The National Civic Federation Investigation; The Referendum and the Initiative; Work among College Men; Women and Municipal Development; and special experiences of cities, like Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Portland (Maine), New Haven, Scranton, Detroit and others.

The volume has been admirably edited by the secretary of the League, Clinton Rogers Woodruff. With its carefully prepared index, it forms a repository of information and comment valuable to every city functionary and student of municipal affairs.

One question has continually recurred to us during the perusal of these proceedings: Why is so little space accorded to ways and means of stimulating in the average citizen a sense of the active responsibilities of citizenship? It cannot be disputed that this is of fundamental importance, for it is to the lapse of this civic sense that we can trace most of the serious political evils which confront us. To what else can be ascribed that most extraordinary anomaly in a free electorate, the gradual recrudescence of a long buried feudal system, culminating in a political baron or boss and threatening the conversion of the national shibboleth, "We the People" into "We the Servants"? While striving to improve the machinery of government, we should not forget that human nature is weaker than the institutions it creates. Reform must work from within as well as from without.

The first practical need of the day is for an active citizenship; not until then will restoration of representative government follow. It is a most difficult problem to solve, but one thing is obvious; that the seeds of this revival should be sown in the embryo citizen in school and college. It is with deference we venture the suggestion that in the future deliberations of the League, more thought and attention be given to this inner regeneration of the spirit of the electorate, as well as to the constitution of its government.

New Haven, Conn.

CHARLES S. DEFOREST.

RECENT LITERATURE.

Under the title "Four Aspects of Civic Duty" (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), Secretary William H. Taft has published the lectures which he delivered at Yale in 1906 on the Dodge Foundation. The titles of the four chapters suggest a bit of autobiography, for in viewing the duties of citizenship from the point of view of a graduate of a university, of a judge, of a colonial administrator, and of a member of the national administration, Secretary Taft gave his hearers valuable pieces of personal experience. The manner in which the character of the speaker, who has been so effective an actor in the various public offices to which he has been called, impresses itself upon the reader is not the least of the many valuable features which the lectures contain.

A companion volume, not only in size but also in origin and in spirit, contains "Baccalaureate Addresses and other Talks on Kindred Themes" (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1907), by Arthur Twining Hadley, President of Yale University. Dr. Hadley is the first president of Yale University who has not been a clergyman. But the volume before us shows that he can preach, and ever since he has been at the head of Yale University he has made it his practice to address the graduating class at Commencement, as well as the university as a whole at the opening of each college year. These so-called talks have the outward form of sermons, and each takes a text from the Bible as its starting point. But a prominent element in them is the emphasis laid upon civic righteousness, which appears in such titles as "A Christian Democracy," "Responsibility to Ourselves and to Others," "The Development of Public Spirit," etc.

Among the many significant publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, it is with especial satisfaction that we welcome the "Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico," of which the first part (A-M) is published, as Bulletin 30, this year. For the teacher or student of anthropology this handbook furnishes not only condensed information, but what amounts to a very full bibliography arranged in all conceivable combinations under headings to meet the convenience of the searcher. It is fair to say that in future, students of the American Indian must have this manual always at hand. The scope of the scholarship herein exhibited is of the widest, although, naturally enough, the work of the Bureau staff takes the most prominent place. The editor of the handbook is

Mr. F. W. Hodge, who writes a preface outlining the history of the inception and carrying out of the undertaking; the contributors to Part I, of whom he gives a list, are men and women of high reputation in their fields. Illustrations are well selected; the various Indian tribes of sufficient importance have each a pictured representative and many illuminating drawings of weapons, horses, etc., are to be found. It may be mentioned also that the Eskimo are included in the manual. Powell's map of the Indian stocks is appended to Volume I. The Bureau and the Editor are to be congratulated upon this publication, which is, in a certain sense, among many contributions to scholarship, the greatest which the Bureau has yet made.

"The Voice of the Machines," by Gerald Stanley Lee (The Mount Tom Press, Northampton, Mass.), is announced by the author to be the first in a series of three volumes, entitled"The Voice of the Machines"; "Machines and Millionaires"; and "Machines and Crowds." The writer observes that "there seems to be nothing that men can care for, whether in this world or the next, or that they can do or have, or hope to have, which is not bound up in our modern age with machinery." Its influence upon society must, therefore, be a vital question. The whole series is intended to treat of the influence of machinery upon modern life conditions, upon democracy, and upon the humanities and the arts.

"Marriage and Race Death," by Morrison I. Swift (Morrison I. Swift Press, New York, 1906). Mr. Swift presents in a highly impassioned manner his proposed "Foundations of an Intelligent System of Marriage," which he ostensibly advocates as a panacea for the glaring evils of the modern marriage institution, of the social structure, and of the "toadyism of the American brain to Wealth." Though he presents a vast array of convincing evidence against modern social and municipal depravity, yet we feel that Mr. Swift has overshot the mark in affirming, as he does, that "The family institution is one of the strongest existing fortresses of selfishness, cutting a most ridiculous figure as a noble and generous foundation stone." The luridly sensational style of the author can be somewhat condoned by virtue of his bitter attack on much that is deplorable in American modern life.

"The Key to the World's Progress," by Charles Stanton Devas (Longmans, 1906), is an attempt to solve the riddle of the uniOf the three coherent systems that have been championed from time immemorial to give a consistent theory of the world,

verse.

viz., pantheism, materialism, and theism, the latter is accepted as a postulate. The work is professedly explanatory rather than controversial. The influence of the Christian church upon the progress of civilization is examined, and the development of the former is traced in outline. This is done in the hope that some later writer shall "construct the church record as the World record, and so far as the dim vision of man can reach, make the outline of human history clear."

BOOKS RECEIVED.

ALLEN, WILLOUGHBY C. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to S. Matthew. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1907. BASHFORD, J. W. God's Missionary Plan for the World. New York, Eaton & Mains, 1907.

BATES, LINDON W.

The Crisis at Panama. Reprinted from Engineering

World, Vol. IV, Nos. 25, 26, 27, 28. Chicago, 1906.

BOREUX, CHARLES, Editor. Lettres Choisies de Mme. de Sévigné. London, J. M. Dent & Co.; New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1906.

CLARETIE, JULES, Editor. Beaumarchais. Le Barbier de Seville, etc. London, J. M. Dent & Co.; New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1907.

CLARK, VICTOR S. The Labour Movement in Australasia. New York, Henry Holt & Co., 1906.

Conseil Supérieur du Travail. Travail des Ouvriers dans les Ports. Bruxelles, M. Weissenbruch, 1906.

COOKE, R. J. The Incarnation and Recent Criticism. New York, Eaton & Mains, 1907.

Department of Commerce and Labor. Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, No. 68, Jan., 1907; No. 69, March, 1907. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1907.

ENGLAND, MINNIE THROOP. Statistical Inquiry into the Influence of Credit upon the Level of Prices. University of Nebraska Studies, Vol. VII, No. 1, Jan., 1907.

Facts About Immigration. Report of the Conferences of the Immigration Department of the National Civic Federation in New York, Sept. 24 and Dec. 12, 1906. New York, 1907.

FLEMING, WALTER L. Documentary History of Reconstruction. Volume II. Cleveland, Ohio, The Arthur H. Clark Co., 1907.

FORREST, J. DORSEY. The Development of Western Civilization. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1907.

GIRY, A. and A. RÉVILLE. Emancipation of the Medieval Towns. Translated by Frank Greene Bates and Paul Emerson Titsworth. New York, Henry Holt & Co., 1907.

HADLEY, ARTHUR TWINING. Baccalaureate Addresses. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1907.

HASENKAMP, ADOLF. Die Geldverfassung und das Notenbankwesen der Vereinigten Straaten. Jeva, Gustav Fischer, 1907.

HATTON, AUGUSTUS RAYMOND. Digest of City Charters. Chicago, Chicago Charter Convention, 1906.

HODGE, FREDERICK WEBB. Editor. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 30, Part I. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1907.

KELLOGG, R. S. The Timber Supply of the United States. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Circular 97.

LEWIS, AUSTIN. The Rise of the American Proletarian. Chicago, Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1907.