R With a number of her followers she took refuge in the $ 44041PI Seekonk Providence 7 Pawturet Warwick 1643 ANSETT S Swanzey Taunton 1638 Mount 1637 AHODES Taunton R. NOAGS was charming island of Aquiday (ak'we-da), in Narragansett Bay, which by the advice of Roger Williams was bought from the Indians, for forty fathoms of white wampum, twenty hoes, and ten coats. The Indian name changed to the Isle of Rhodes, and a settlement commenced near the northern extremity. Part of the settlers afterward moved to the southern end of the island, and founded Newport in 1639. The same freedom of opinion was allowed here as in Providence; and in 1644, a charter having been obtained by the efforts of Roger Williams, the Rhode Island and Providence Plantations were united. Judith RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE Political Troubles.-There were political as well as religious troubles in Massachusetts Bay. The arbitrary conduct of Charles I. drove so many of his subjects to the New World that measures were taken in England to stop emigration; and thus, it is said, some of those who afterward dethroned the king were kept at home. Commissioners hostile to the Puritans were also appointed, with absolute power over the American colonies, to interfere with their religious regulations and even take away their charters. The charter of Massachusetts was more than once demanded; but the authorities of the colony, while they quietly prepared for resistance, urged different pretexts for not sur €5 1622] SETTLEMENT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. rendering it, until the king's own troubles gave him enough to do at home without molesting his subjects across the Atlantic. NE Settlement of New Hampshire.-In the mean time, north and east of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, settlements had been made at various points on or near the coast. In 1622, a large tract beyond the Merrimac was granted to Gorges (gor'jez) and Mason, two enterprising members of the Council of Plymouth, and under their auspices settlements were made where Portsmouth and Dover now stand, by adventurers interested in the fisheries. In 1629, the domain before held in common was divided between the two proprietors. Mason obtained the part west of the Piscat'aqua, and called it NEW HAMPSHIRE, after the NEW HAMPSHIRE Salmon Dover Exeter Hampton MASS. Saco NI Sac Biddeford VINDDIT Kennebunk R. York Piscataqua R. .: Isles of grtsmouth Merrimac R. C.Ann EAN EARLY SETTLEMENTS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE. English county in which he resided. Emigrants from Massachusetts Bay increased the population, and Exeter was founded in 1638. Maine. The country east of the Piscataqua was covered by patents to the indefatigable Gorges and others, who established a few fishing-stations, Saco (saw'ko) being the most important. In 1639, Gorges obtained a royal charter for his tract, and gave it the name of MAINE, probably to distinguish it as "the main," or mainland, from the islands off the coast. The Plymouth people had attempted to establish trading-posts on the Penobscot and farther east; but the French, who claimed the coast as far as Pem'maquid Point, had broken them up. The New Hampshire settlements came under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts Bay in 1641, those of Maine in 1652. The latter remained united with Massachusetts during the whole period of colonial history, but New Hampshire was ultimately made a royal province and independent colony. ANALYTICAL REVIEW. Let the Abstracts be placed on the blackboard, and each pupil, taking a topic in turn, treat it exhaustively without being questioned. Spanish Settlements. (Pages 13, 14, 27-36.) I. WEST INDIAN SETTLEMENTS. 1. Hispaniola. 2. Cuba. II. EXPLORATIONS OF THE MAINLAND. 1. Of the Isthmus of Darien. 2. Of Florida. III. MEXICO. a. By Ponce de Leon. b. By De Narvaez. c. By De Soto. How situated? 1. Early inhabitants. a. The Toltecs. b. The Aztecs. 2. Invasion by the Spanish. 3. Results of the conquest. IV. EMPIRE OF THE INCAS. Describe 1. Invasion by the Spanish. 2. Peru, as a Spanish prov- 3. Pizarro; his character, fate. V. OTHER EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS BY THE SPANISH. VI. SPANISH AMERICA IN 1550 (p. 37). English Settlements. (Pages 26, 39-50, 56-66.) I. EARLY VOYAGES OF NOTE. 1. The Cabots'. 2. Drake's. 3. Frobisher's. 4. Gilbert's. 5. Davis's. II. SETTLEMENT ON ROANOKE ISL'D. III. SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA. 1. Adventures of Capt. Smith. 2. The Starving-Time. 3. Lord Delaware's administration. 4. Subsequent history. 5. Social life, customs, etc. IV. SETTLEMENT OF NEW ENGLAND. 1. Planting of Plymouth Col ony. a. Its history; growth. b. Religious usages. 2. Massachusetts Bay Colony. a. Origin. b. History. 3. Rhode Island. SETTLEMENT OF CONNECTICUT. 67 CHAPTER VIII SETTLEMENT OF CONNECTICUT, MARYLAND, AND DELAWARE, Settlement of Connecticut.-The Dutch were the first to become acquainted with the rich valley of the "Quonektacat" (long), or Connecticut River. Buying land from the natives, they erected Fort Good Hope, on the present site of Hartford (1633), and claimed the whole territory as belonging to New Netherland. Hardly was this done, when a small company from Plymouth sailed past the fort in defiance of the Dutch, and planted themselves at Windsor, six miles farther up. Parties from Massachusetts Bay followed in 1635, and Wethersfield was founded. Meanwhile the Council of Plymouth had granted a patent for the region west of Narragansett Bay. John Winthrop, son of the governor of Massachusetts, and two others, were sent over to act for the proprietors; and a fort (Saybrook) was built without delay at the mouth of the Connecticut. The Dutch of New Amsterdam, coming shortly afterward to take possession of the same region, were frightened off, and ultimately gave up the post they had established fifty miles above. The last party that emigrated from Massachusetts to the Connecticut Valley in 1635, suffered untold hardships; and some, at the hazard of their lives, even retraced their steps in the depth of a severe winter. Yet the following summer, the whole congregation of Cambridge, led by their minister and driving their cattle before them, took their way through the woods to Connecticut, and made a permanent settlement at Hartford. The close of the year 1636 found about eight hundred souls in the Connecticut Valley, and an independent government was soon organized. Thus originated the colony of CONNECTICUT. Pequod War.-The Indians were more numerous in Connecticut than along the Massachusetts coast. Particularly formidable were the Pe'quods, whose strongholds were near the mouth of the Thames (tāmz) River, while their huntinggrounds extended thence to the Connecticut. No sooner had the settlements just mentioned been established, than they were exposed to the horrors of a war with these fierce natives. Hostilities arose in this wise. In 1634, the crew of a Virginia trading-vessel had been cut off by the Pequods in the Connecticut River. Two years later, the natives of Block Island (Map, p. 67) had boarded the bark of a New England trader, and murdered its master. Without inquiring what provocation might have been given for these outrages, the men of Massachusetts Bay proceeded to avenge them. A descent was made on Block Island, its wigwams and standing corn were destroyed, and two Pequod villages on the mainland were burned. The Pequods retaliated, and the exposed settlements of Connecticut suffered severely. At |