the arguments should be given, the authoritative language of the nation's highest tribunal is certainly preferable to a statement by a commentator of his understanding of the court's ruling or reasoning. The author desires to make especial acknowledgment of the very great assistance which he has received from Hon. John C. Rose, United States District Judge, and Dr. Frank J. Goodnow, Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law at Columbia University. Both of these friends have generously spared the time to read this treatise in the proof. That they have not, however, committed themselves to all of the positions assumed herein, hardly needs to be said. The author wishes also to express generally his debt to the various law magazines published in this country. These journals are an honor to American legal scholarship, and to the articles contained in them the author owes more than he has been able specifically to acknowledge. In conclusion, it may be added that, where appropriate, the author has repeated language used by him in an earlier and briefer work entitled The American Constitutional System. The work as a whole is based upon lectures delivered during recent years to the graduate students in Political Science at the Johns Hopkins University. June, 1910. W. W. W. THE SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION. PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRUCTION. SECTION 6. Circumstances under which the courts will hold an act of 8. Expediency and reasonableness of legislation not subject to 9. Presumption in favor of the constitutionality of an act 10. Presumption in favor of the constitutionality of a state 11. The force of contemporaneous or long continued legislative 66 23. The Constitution is to be construed as a whole. have no constructive force.... 38. Inherent sovereign powers... 39. Express limitations upon the Federal Government... THE MAINTENANCE OF FEDERAL SUPREMACY: THE FREEDOM OF FEDERAL AGENCIES FROM INTERFERENCE OR CONTROL BY THE STATES. SECTION 45. State taxation of federal governmental agencies.. SECTION 58. Federal taxation of property of municipalities.. 59. South Carolina v. United States. THE MAINTENANCE OF FEDERAL SUPREMACY: WRITS OF ERROR FROM THE FEDERAL SUPREME COURT TO STATE COURTS. SECTION 62. Writs of error to state courts.. THE MAINTENANCE OF FEDERAL SUPREMACY: REMOVAL OF SUITS FROM THE MAINTENANCE OF FEDERAL SUPREMACY BY HABEAS CORPUS TO SECTION 68. State courts may not interfere with federal authorities.. 88. Suffrage not a necessary incident of citizenship... 102. Privileges of one State not carried into other States...... 217 |