The white population of the State, according to the census of 1852, is 224,435, exclusive of the county of El Dorado, one of the most populous counties of the State, presumed to contain 40,000 inhabitants, which gives the entire population of the State at 264,435.

The population of the several counties is as follows:—

TOTAL CAPITAL AND PRODUCTIONS OF THE STATE.

Total capital employed for purposes other than those specified under general heads, including estimates for El Dorado and Calaveras ...

Live stock

Agricultural products..

Land in cultivation

Estimate for El Dorado and Calaveras.

Horticulture, manufactures, &c..

Quartz mining

Placer mining.

Other mining

Estimate for El Dorado mining

36,151

984

6,664

1,219

2,131

4,050

4,855

2,240

2,835

2,337

1,207

1,764

17,657

8,575

1,307

22,005

$59,800,000

18.903,714

6,162,040

1,107,480

5,000,000

1,150,000

5,871.405

4,174,419

3,851,623

2,500,000

$108,522,568

In the above estimate it will be observed that the value of no land except that in actual cultivation is included.

With these facts now before us, says the Secretary of State, it may not be uninteresting or devoid of utility to take a comparative view of our position in reference to the other States of the Union.

HORSES. In these we are in advance of fifteen of the States.
MULES. In these we are in advance of twenty-six of the States.
MILCH COWS.-In these we are in advance of twelve of the States.
WORK OXEN. In these we are in advance of eight of the States.

SHEEP. In these, although having returns from only 20 counties, we are in advance of four States.

SWINE. In these, although only twenty counties have reported, we are in advance of three States.

VALUE OF LIVE STOCK.-In this we surpass twenty-two of the States.

BARLEY.---In this we are only equalled by one State, New York. We raise more than one half as much of this article as is produced in the whole Union besides. POTATOES. In this, again, we stand next to New York, and raise one-fifth the quantity produced by the balance of the Union.

WHEAT. In this we surpass ten of the States.

OATS. In this we cultivate more than three fourths of our sister States,

INDIAN CORN.-We produce less of this than any State of the Union.

El Dorado, one of the most populous count es in the State, is presumed to contain 40,000, inhab tants, which gives the entire population of the State at 264,435.

BEANS.-In this we surpass nine of the States, notwithstanding only five counties have reported the quantity produced.

HAY.-In this, though not returned from more than one half the counties, we exceed nine of the States.

MINING. In this branch of industry we stand not only without a parallel, but without a competitor.

AGRICULTURE. This important branch has been comparatively but little attended to in this State, and consequently in the value of cultivated land we are surpassed by all the States of the Union. The fact, however, that we excel most of them in the productions of the soil, shows the fertility and productiveness of our lands in a most favorable light.

TRADE-Yolo, Trinity, Sutter, Santa Cruz, San Diego, Sacramento, and Nevada Counties, have reported merchandise to the amount of $4,000,000. The remainder of the counties have included this item, with others, under the general head of " capital" employed for other purposes; in these, too, we surpass more than one half the States. FRUITS. In these we excel all the States in variety, and one half in quantity produced.

MINERALS.-The many interesting geological developments made by the census, place our State far in advance of all her sisters in the variety and importance of these great handmaids of science and civilization.

The following is the estimated value of the live stock and agricultural products. These prices are given at an average much below the market value:

We close this summary of the census with a few comments from the report of the Secretary of State on the increase of population.

"Our entire popular vote at the late general election was 76,890, according to the election returns on file in this office, estimating the population at four times the amount of the popular vote, which is below the ratio usually obtaining throughout this State, and far below that obtaining in other States of the Union, places our popu lation at 307,560. This exhibit shows an increase in the course of two years, taking the actual returns of the census, of 99,434, an annual increase of 49,717, and an increase of thirty per cent per annum; of the increase per cent per annum, the United States, according to the late census, was three and a half-showing a difference of increase between the State of California and the other States of the Union of twentysix and a half per cent per annum. Taking, however, the estimated and more probable census of the State, namely, 308,507, and it gives an annual positive increase of 71,753, an increase of forty three per cent per annum, and a difference of increase per cent between California and other States of thirty-nine and a half."

THE MATERIAL DESTINY OF THE HUMAN RACE.

From a statistical digest, just published in England, it appears that the human family numbers 700,000,000; and its annual loss by death is 18,000,000, which produces 624,000 tons of animal matter, which, in turn, generates, by decomposition, 9,000,000,000 cubic feet of gases, which are cleared away by the atmosphere, by vegetable matter decomposing and assimilating them for its own uses.

MORTALITY OF THE POPULATION OF BROOKLYN.

The annexed table of the deaths in Brooklyn, L. I., for the year ending December 31st, 1852, is derived from the report of Dr. WENDELL, Health Officer. This table only gives the classification of adults, children, and sex. The most important feature in the classification is omitted, that by ages. This neglect of most of our large cities is a bar to the construction of tables, so valuable in the matter of life insurance:

Of these, 326 were from causes other than diseases, such as burned, casualty, drowned, still born, &c., which, deducted from the full amount leaves 2,858, as the actual number of deaths from diseases. Estimating our population at 125,000, gives the ratio of one death in 431.

Of the entire number of deaths, 883 were of foreign birth-the residue natives of the United States. The proportion of deaths of foreign birth being one-fourth of the total amount.

The cholera appeared in the city last summer, commencing in July and terminating in October, and during its continuance 58-ten of whom were natives, the others foreigners-fell victims to its attacks.

UNITED STATES SEAMEN..

The Secretary of State has just communicated an abstract of the returns made to his Department by the collectors of customs, showing the number of seamen registered in the several ports of entry in the United States, during the year ending September 30, 1852. We give his recapitulation by states:

The following is an enumeration of the inhabitants of Toledo, and the dwellings, stores, and warehouses erected within the last year. The enumeration is of the actual resident population:

Inhabitants.

Dwellings. Stores.

Warehouses.

EMIGRATION FROM IRELAND.

The Coleraine Chronicle, alluding to the immense numbers of people who are leaving Ireland for the United States and Australia, says that the extraordinary exodus is now regarded with dismay, and the apprehension is, that the country will become a wilderness. The editor, however, does not concur in this view, and holds this language:

"Providence has found an outlet where those who cumbered the ground may find food and labor, and we need not fear that means will also be found to cultivate the ground, as well as markets for its produce, notwithstanding the vast tide of emigration at present rolling from our shores. Last year it was 6,000 souls per week; this year the number is nearly 7,000, and the tide is still unbroken. There is no sign of cessation or diminution, but the crowds to every port press on, drawn by friends and hopes beyond the Atlantic, pressed forward by the want and misery behind. We do not, however, look upon this as cause for regret; on the contrary, it is a matter of great rejoicing. We had mouths we could not feed, and hands we could not employ. The country was divided into cottage farms, in the hands of men without capital, whose families the whole produce would not comfortably maintain. This state of things will soon be changed. Cottier farms will cease; a more commercial spirit will pervade the system of letting and holding land; farms will be thrown together; men of capital and scientific knowledge will occupy them; the landowner will no longer receive so much feudal respect, but he will realize quite as large a rental. We shall not have so many villages, but we shall probably have more thriving homesteads. We shall not have so many reapers at 1s. a-day, but we shall have reaping machines attended by men earning half a brown. We shall not have so many servants or laborers, but we shall have them better fed and better paid, as well as better trained, and of a higher class."

JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES.

MINERAL PRODUCTIONS OF SPAIN.

COMPILED FOR THE MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE FROM PAPERS FURNISHED BY HON. ABBOTT LAWRENCE, LATE MINISTER TO ENGLAND.

Spain is one of the richest countries in Europe for mineral productions. There are few which she cannot boast of-coal, iron, silver, lead, copper, mercury, &c., abound in various of its districts, and from which the inhabitants chiefly derive their subsistence; but they are not worked on such an extensive line as they may, and will be within a few years.

IRON. The produce of Iron in the year 1840 amounted in the Peninsula to more than 650,000 quintals, (606,450 cwt.) and its value to 40,000,000 of reals (£416,635.) The Spanish Iron Section at the Industrial Exhibition was only represented by a small number of exhibitors: Biscay, Madrid, Barcelona, and many other districts have not exhibited anything.

SILVER. The territory of the Spanish Peninsula is one of the richest of Europe in silver, and possesses great advantage over the other nations. Spain, till these late years, has produced 184,158 marcos, (113,533 lbs. troy) of silver, whose value has surpassed 35,000,000 of reals, (about $1,822,000) but since the discovery of the Hiendelaencina mines in the province of Guadalajara, that produce has much increased. One of these mines alone, in the said province, has already yielded upwards of 20,000,000 of reals, ($1,050,000)

According to the last documents published by the Spanish Government, that country produced in 1846, 547.143 quintals, (510,484 cwt.) of lead, whose value amounted to 37,000,000 of reals, ($1,927,000.)

Spain, under the Romans, possessed most extensive mines, and mining and metallurgical processes were considerably advanced. Pliny describes many of these, and

from the statements made by that author and others, it is probable that the mines of Spain yielded nearly all the silver, lead, and copper, to the Roman Empire. The enormous heaps of slag, known as Roman scoria, the refuse of their works, still contains a sufficient quantity of silver to repay for working them.

COPPER. The industry of copper, according to the statistics published in 1846, produces 12,000 quintals (11,196 cwt.) per annum, the value of which amounted to 5,000,000 of reals ($260,000.) This copper principally belongs to the mines of Rio Tinto, and the greatest part is employed in coining, and for the use of vessels of the navy. These last years many other mines begin to be worked, and it is believed this class of industry will be increased.

TIN. The produce of tin is not so great as that of other metals, but some ores lately discovered begin now to be worked. The provinces of Galicia and Zamoa, to which the samples in the Great Exhibition belong, have produced these last years from 40 to 50 quintals (37 to 46 cwt.)

ZING. The mines of Riopar are the only ones in the Peninsula where the zinc is much worked. The quantity obtained in 1846 amounted to 6,510 quintals, (6,074 cwt.) but these last years it has a good deal increased. The factory of San Juan de Alcaraz employs a great quantity of it in the making of zinc plates, and in the manufacture of kitchen and other utensils.

AURIFEROUS ORES AND SANDS occur very frequantly in the Spanish Peninsula, but they have only been slightly taken in the River Sil, and furnished in 1846, 50 marcos (81 lb. troy) of gold, the value of which amounted to 160,000 reals ($6,330) In the provinces of Gerona, Granada, &c., where the gold occurs either in crystalline rocks or as a transported product, several companies have been lately formed to dig it up.

COAL. The chief deposits of coal in Spain are in Langreo, and other parts of the province of Asturias; in Espiel and Belmez, Cordova; in Utrilla and Aliaga, Teruel; in the mountains of Leon, from Orbo to Reinosa; in the valley of Ter in Catalonia, and in many other places. Several of those which have been hitherto neglected are now beginning to be worked. The deposits of Asturias, which are the most considerable, are chiefly of the carboniferous period, and rise from beneath tertiary rocks, covering the plains of Leon and Castile. They are highly inclined, and consist of numerous alternations of grit and shale with thin beds of limestone, together with coal seams, one of which is of good quality, and nearly nine feet thick. After these, and below them, appear a multitude of other seams of older date than the coal of other countries of Europe; and connected with these beds, but always below them, are several beds of hematite, one of which is of pure ore, 50 feet thick, and extending to a considerable distance. These coal fields, on the whole, must be regarded as of great value and extensive range, though till now the want of perfect means of transport, have not allowed of their being worked to advantage. The railway of Langreo, which will soon be finished, will greatly diminish the price of these coals, which are rather high, and give a new impulse to Spanish industry.

MARBLES. Spain abounds in crystaline rocks of all kinds, among which are included a vast variety of marbles in all conditions, from the finest statuary marble, to others which are only adapted for building purposes. The former are chiefly metamorphic and of doubtful age, and occur especially in the Sierra Nevada, etc. The oolitic rocks, which are developed to a great extent in Old and New Castile, and the cretaceous, rocks of the northern districts of Spain yield large supplies of the more varied and less perfectly crystalized varieties.

PHOSPHATE OF LIME. The phosphorite of Estremadura exists as a vein, or in veins, coming to the surface near Logrosan, a few leagues east of Caceres. The surrounding rocks, on which it seems to rest, are of granite, and a layer of clay-slate covers it. The direction of the phosphorite is N. N. E. to S. S. W.; the width varies from 5 or 6 to 16 feet; its depth has not been proved to a greater extent than 10 feet, but is probably considerable, and it has been traced for some miles. It contains 81.15 of phosphate of lime, and 14 of fluoride calcium. It is very indestructible, resisting the action of the weather. The imperfect means of transport have, till now, rendered this mineral of but little value to agricultural or chemical purposes.

GLAUBERITE. This industry is now beginning, and produces 10,000 arrobas (2,3324 cwt.), which is consumed in the country, but is capable of great increase. Glauberite is anhydrous sulphate of soda and lime, and is found chiefly in some parts of Spain, disseminated in common salt. It has only been found crystaline, and the crystal injure on exposure to a damp atmosphere. The district of Burgos is chiefly in the upper oolitic or cretaceous series.