As a base map for the plotting of information relative to the geology and mineral resources.

In connection with questions relating to state, county and town boundaries.

As a means of promoting an exact knowledge of the country and serving teachers and pupils in geographic studies.

As base maps for the graphic representation of all facts relating to population, industries, and products or other statistical information. In connection with legislation involving the granting of charters, rights, etc., when a physical knowledge of the country may be desirable or necessary.

PROGRESS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY.

A. G. RUTHVEN, Chief Naturalist.

The biological work of the Survey has made satisfactory progress during the last two years. As stated in the last biennial report (pgs. 83-7), a five year plan was recommended by the Board of Advisors to begin in 1915, and this plan has been followed with slight modifications. The field work may be listed as follows:

1914.

Investigation of the reptile-amphibian fauna of the Manistee Region, by Crystal Thompson.

A biological survey of the Whitefish Point Region, by N. A. Wood (birds and mammals), A. W. Andrews (beetles and flies), C. K. Dodge (flowering plants), A. H. Povah (lower plants).

1915.

Investigations toward a monograph on Michigan Algae, by E, N.

Transeau.

Investigations toward a monograph on Michigan Fish, by T. L. Hankinson.

Investigations on the distribution of the phanerogamic plants of Michigan, by C. K. Dodge.

Excepting the work of Prof. Kaufman on the Agaracacae of Michigan, the manuscript of which has been submitted for publication in two volumes, none of the larger investigations were completed during the two years, and but one report was published by this division-a volume of miscellaneous papers on the zoology of Michigan. Manuscript reports upon the progress of the various pieces of work are in the hands. of the Chief Naturalist, and a number of short papers have been published elsewhere with his permission. The papers based entirely or in part upon Survey material which have appeared during 1914 and 1915 are as follows:

Gaige, Frederick M. The Birds of Dickinson County, Michigan. 16th Rept. Mich. Acad. Sci., 74-91.

Gaige, Frederick M. The Formicidae of the Shiras Expedition to Whitefish Point, Michigan, in 1914. Occ. Papers Mus. of Zool., Univ. of Mich., No. 25, 1-4.

Wood, Norman A. Results of the Shiras Expeditions to Whitefish

Point, Michigan. Mammals. 16th Rept. Mich. Acad. Sci., 92-97; Birds, 55-73.

Thompson, Crystal. The Reptiles and Amphibians of Manistee County, Michigan. Occ. Pap. Mus. of Zool., Univ. of Mich., No. 18, 1-6.

Thompson, Crystal and Ruthven, A. G. On the Occurrence of Clemmys insculpta (LeConte) in Michigan. Ibid., No. 12, 1-2.

Cockerell, T. D. A. Bees from the Northern Peninsula of Michigan. Ibid., No. 23, 1-10.

Hankinson, T. L. Young Whitefish in Lake Superior. Science, Vol. XL, No. 1024, 239-240.

Miscellaneous Papers on the Zoology of Michigan. Michigan Geological and Biological Survey, Publication 20, Biological Series 4. The Beetles of Charity Island, Michigan.

Andrews, A. W.

Hankinson, T. L.

Hankinson, T. L.

The Fish of Whitefish Point, Michigan. The Fish of Houghton County, Michigan. An Ecological Study of the Fish Fauna of the Douglas Lake Region, with Special Reference to the Mortality of the Species.

Colbert, Roy J.

Evans, Arthur T. Dragonflies of the Douglas Lake Region, Michigan.

Thompson, Crystal. The Reptiles and Amphibians of Monroe County, Michigan.

PLANS FOR 1916.

As stated, the five year plan becomes effective on July 1, 1915. This plan provides for the following investigations in 1916:

Continuation of the survey of Michigan wood-lots.
Investigations of the phanerogamic flora of the State.

Investigations toward a monograph of the fishes of Michigan.

The wood-lot survey will be under the direction of O. L. Sponsler, the study of the distribution of the higher plants of the state will be made by C. K. Dodge, and the work on the fishes will be done by T. L. Hankinson.

The Chief Naturalist desires to call attention to the loyal support which is being given to the Survey by the naturalists who are making the investigations for this division. Every man has included in his estimates of the cost of proposed investigations only field expenses. It is the interest and cooperation of these men, which have not seldom been attended by real sacrifices, that makes it possible to obtain the maximum results upon the available appropriations.