alleged opinions of King, Jay and Hamilton, as expressed in the Convention of New York." It is said to be by "a distinguished jurist of Philadelphia ;" and the signature of H., together with the internal evidence of the composition, leave no doubt that it is from the pen of the eminent Judge of our District Court. He concludes the article with stating that a week or ten days before the death of Chief Justice Marshall, having called upon that great and good man, the question of instruction being then in high debate in the papers-he said to him that he thought the Virginia doctrine of instructions was inconsistent with all the principles of our government, and subversive of the stability of its foundations. To this the Chief Justice replied, in these words-"It is so; indeed, the Virginia doctrines are incompatible, not only with the government of the United States, but with any government."

From the Boston Galaxy.

The Southern Literary Messenger is before us. Too much praise cannot be conceded to the publisher of this Monthly. He started on untried ground-but has brought forward his forces with such superior skill, and maintained the combat so manfully, that he has won the entire victory. The Messenger is an honor to the South. The articles it contains are for the most part of a superior order, while a spirit characterizes its editorial department exceedingly gratifying. The number before us has many most valuable articles; and so long as those concerned in its publication exert themselves with their present success, a corresponding flow of patronage must ensue. There is an original manuscript of Ben Franklin-desirable if only as a matter of curiosity-a poem by N. P. Willis, furnished by J. F. Otis, to be found on our outside an interesting chronology of authors-a story by E. A. Poe, &c.

From the United States Gazette.

to attract a proper share of attention-Female Educa tion. The present number is smaller than usual, its predecessor having exceeded the standard, to admit Professor Dew's Address. The subscription list continues steadily to increase, and includes the names of several Philadelphians. The citizens of Richinond appear determined to give it a liberal support, and testify their opinion of its excellence in the most substantial manner.

From the Methodist Conference Sentinel.

Southern Literary Messenger.-We are indebted to the politeness of the publisher for the May number of this periodical. We have looked over some of its articles with pleasure. Among others "Odds and Ends,” “German Literature," and "American Social Elevation" are well worthy of an attentive perusal. The character of this monthly "Messenger" is, in the general, unexcep tionable, and it will, beyond question, exert a powerful, and, we trust a purifying, influence upon Southern lite. rature. "The Hall of Incholese" is not only a failure in that department of literature with which it claims affinity; but it certainly possesses a character that can reflect but little credit upon the heretofore well established reputation of the “Messenger." It seems neither fit to "point a moral, nor adorn a tale." If the author has any desire for distinction in that particular line of writing, it will be necessary for him to form a more extensive acquaintance with "the little figure in black" before he can even hope for success. It would be better however to withdraw from the association altogether. In objecting to this article, we cannot be understood to object to the work in which it is found. The "Editorial Notices" are, to us, the most interesting part of the periodical. We turn to them with pleasure, in anticipation of an intellectual feast, and we are Reter disappointed. Though we sometimes differ with the editor in matters of taste and opinion, yet we find satisfaction in following the ever flowing stream of thought along which he leads his readers. We bid it welcome to our desk, and heartily wish it success.

From the Petersburg Cons'ellation. Southern Literary Messenger, for June.-Our best thanks are due to the attentive proprietor for his prompt attention in forwarding the Messenger. As usual, it contains many pleasing articles: the MSS. of Franklin are literary curiosities. An excellent moral tale, entitled "Losing and Winning," adorns the number. Our present limits will not permit more than these cursory remarks, but if enterprise and talent are any guaranty for success, Mr. White need feel no alarm for the uitimate success of his efforts in favor of Southern Literature. Let the New York Mirror snarl if it will; there are papers in each Messenger which will outlive all the Norman Leslie "Pencillings by the Way," and "Wearies my Love of my Letters?" of its crudite editors. Kennel a stag-hound with a cur, and the latter will yelp in very fear.

Southern Literary Messenger.-Backward, like every thing else this spring, the April number of this periodical made its appearance in the first week in May. It is a good number, and though the reader may think the variety of its articles not so great as in some of the preceding, it contains many interesting papers. The first consists of "MSS. of Benjamin Franklin," comprising a Lecture upon Providence, never before published, and two humorous letters in the manner of those in the Spectator, published originally a hundred years ago in the Pennsylvania Gazette, and now republished from the original manuscripts. The article upon Maelzel's Automaton Chess Player is the most successful attempt we have seen to explain the modus operandi of that wonderful production. The writer advances a multitude of reasons to sustain his position, that a human being is concealed in the box and figure, and might be considered to have achieved complete success, were it not that an objection at once suggests itself. Could any human being have played so often and so long without once betraying himself by a sneeze and a cough? The "March Court" is a racy sketch, and the writer brings before us the justices, jurors, counsellors, clients, planters, pettifoggers, constables, cake women, candidate The June number of the Southern Literary Messenger and jackass, as large as life, to say nothing of the sheriff has reached us. Its contents are of a highly interesting running down a man who endeavors to escape, not pun-character-among them is a very able article on the ishment for some offence of his own, but the honor of sitting on the jury to decide upon the guilt of others. Nothing of the kind can be better than the anecdote in this piece, of the suppression of the British authorities by the report from the British cannon during the last war. The dramatic sketch entitled "The Death of Robespierre," is much to our taste. The incidents are well told, the language is poetical, and the versification smooth and harmonious. It is to be hoped that the readers of the Messenger will hear again from this author. The Essay on "Woman” is, we conclude from the signature, from a female hand, and contains just views upon a subject long neglected, but now beginning

From the Winchester Virginian.

"Right of Instruction," by a distinguished jurist of Philadelphia, but one in which the conclusions are not such as have obtained in Virginia, nor such as we have always inclined to believe correct. We are rather grati fied than otherwise, however, at the introduction into the Messenger of essays upon such topics. Of the prose articles, one entitled "Losing and Winning." by the author of "Sensibility, &c." is a most valuable contribution; several others in the same department are very well written. The poetical articles are generally in good taste, and the critical notices are, as usual, áble, candid and fearless. The Messenger is taking a higher and still higher stand among the periodicals of the day.

From the New Hampshire Patriot. just criticisms. The publisher of a newspaper or journal Southern Literary Messenger.-In acknowledging our of any kind, should never feel hurt, as a caterer for the obligations to the publisher for the above work, we public appetite, if some of those to whom they minister cannot do less than express our unqualified approba- should growl and find fault. He ought not to claim pretion of the character, contents and design of the Mes-emption over all other men, but should be satisfied if senger. We have often seen it favorably noticed by he occasionally received an approving nod. It is always our brethren of the corps editorial, as among the first a strong evidence of a want of force of mind to fly in a monthly magazines in this country-by some even passion at the suggestions of a friend, when they are placed at the head of the list-but it is only by an ex-disposed to disapprove of our acts, although they may amination and perusal of the numbers before us, that be unjust. We make these preliminary remarks in we have learned to appreciate the justness of their allusion to a hasty notice we took of the April number praise. The correctness, neatness, beauty and elegance of the Messenger, which the publisher was polite enough of its typographical execution and appearance, not less to send us. Our time is generally much occupied, and than the rich and attractive guise thrown over its pages we perhaps gave that number and others which have by the combined union of wit, genius and learning there- been occasionally handed us by a friend, rather a hasty in displayed, certainly surpass any thing to be met with perusal. We felt then, as we do now, that the editor's in any similar periodical within our knowledge. We criticisms were unnecessarily, perhaps, strictly severe have not space to detail its particular merits, and will in some instances. The eagle who towers above all only remark generally in the words of another, that the other birds, and even dares to look upon the sun, would contributions, prose and poetical, are of a high grade of not, unless hard pressed, condescend to notice the earthexcellence, the critiques precisely what they should be ly flutterings of a tomtit-he aspires to higher game. in such a work-faithful mirrors, reflecting in miniature the book reviewed, and exposing alike its beauties and deformities without favor or affection. We should be glad to enrich our columns by transferring to them several articles from the Messenger-perhaps hereafter we may be enabled to do so. At present we can only commend it to the countenance and patronage of our literary friends.

From the Charleston Courier.

The Southern Periodicals.-We have received the April number of "The Southern Literary Messenger." It contains, among other articles of interest, a highly ingenious attempt to show that Maelzel's Chess Player is not a pure machine, but regulated by mind-by a human agent concealed within it.

From the Louisville City Gazette.

We may have done the editor injustice; and we hardly expected him to send us another number-but perhaps, in his youthful days, he has read the fable of the gnat and the ox-whether he did or did not, we feel obliged to him for the May number.

We have always freely accorded to Mr. White almost unrivalled excellence as a printer, and we now as freely accord to him the most unqualified praise for the matter as well as the manner of his last number.

From the Columbia (S. C.) Times.

We acknowledge the receipt of the May number of that chaste and interesting publication, the "Southern Literary Messenger," published by T. W. White, Richmond, Va. It undoubtedly contains more matter, for the price, than any other southern publication, and in style, is altogether unlike the mawkish effusions denominated "literary" with which our community is so liberally inundated.

The Southern Literary Messenger is the title of a periodical, published at Richmond, Virginia, that has no From the New Hampshire Patriot. superior, either in the taste and genius of its contribu- The Southern Literary Messenger, for April, has just tors, or the beauty of its mechanism. Its criticisms are reached us, and though rather late in the day, we canprepared with peculiar justness and acumen-not lean-not omit observing that it is excellent-well sustaining ing to the side of mercy, and throwing a protecting veil over the sins and faults of others, but plainly pointing them out-not screening the errors of a friend, or sparing the tender places of an enemy. Such guardians we want to preserve the vigor of American Literature. There are some nurses so tender and so indulgent, that the children under their tutelage, either die of a surfeit of sweets, or languish through their too great care and tenderness. This will never be the case with our literature while guarded by such vigilant sentinels as the Southern Literary Messenger.

the high reputation of its predecessors. We renewedly commend the work to the favor of our literary friends, as one every way deserving their patronage-in many respects unrivalled by any similar publication in the country.

We had an opportunity, while conducting a periodical in a neighboring city, of seeing some of the earlier numbers of the Messenger, and on such occasions expressed the gratification and pleasure enjoyed in their perusal. And it is not only well sustained, but improves. Lionel Granby is kept up with spirit. Edgar A. Poe sprinkles his gems among the leaves of the Messenger. George H. Calvert, Esq. of the same city, freights it with the researches of ripe scholarship in the lore of German Literature. The May number is excellent, and we shall recur to it often, before it gives place to

its successor.

are

We indebted to Mr. White, the publisher, for his present, and assure him he could not have sent us a budget which would have been received by us with more pleasure.

From the Oxford Examiner. Southern Literary Messenger. He who assumes to himself the province of amusing and instructing mankind for "a consideration," is amenable at all times to

From the Winchester Virginian.

Southern Literary Messenger.-We have just received the April No. of this work, but have barely had time to read the article on "Maelzel's Chess Player," which happened to arrest our attention on opening the book. It is exceedingly well written and interesting. The table of contents holds out quite a tempting bill of fare.

From the Richmond Whig.

of this periodical has just appeared. Though not per The Southern Literary Messenger.-The May number haps equal to some of the preceding numbers, it is far, instruction. As all the supporters of this work, and invery far from being deficient either in entertainment or deed the public generally, have a deep interest in its reputation, it is not only right, but a duty, to pass an various excellences, and to point out in the spirit of occasional judgment upon its merits-to commend its liberal criticism, such faults as may be perceived to exist. The Messenger, to be extensively and permanently popular, must mingle the useful with the sweet. It must not only mirror the burning thoughts and glowing images which teem in the world of fancy, but also condescend an occasional visit to this dull planet, the Earth. It must mix familiarly with ordinary mortals, take some interest in their concerns, and lend a helping

hand in the struggles which are now making against [ point of lustre." The meaning might be guessed at by power and corruption. Not that the Messenger should very laborious study-but popular literature should become a vehicle of mere party politics, but that the never levy so severe a tax upon its subjects. The pagreat principles of liberty should be boldly and steadily per on "American Social Elevation," contains many espoused by its conductors and those various and im- just thoughts and patriotic reflections, expressed in an portant measures which concern the welfare and hap-unusually agreeable style-and the 4th No. of "Readings piness of the State, freely and frequently discussed in with my Pencil," is quite passable. The design of the its pages. If the Star of this Republic, "the world's writer is excellent, and deserves to be imitated. The last hope," is destined to go down in darkness, corrup- "Critical Notices," though in themselves good, are not tion and misery, literature will either follow its fate, or generally equal to the Editor's previous efforts. As it be no longer worth cultivating or preserving. As es- was however permitted to Homer sometimes to nod, so sentially connected with the great cause of civil liberty, should the really gifted mind which presides over the sound morals ought also to find in the Messenger a Messenger, be allowed occasionally a little repose. Of constant and able advocate. Without freedom and the poetry, the writer of this brief notice will say novirtue, it is difficult to conceive the existence in any thing. Some of it is good-but he is but an indifferent community of a pure and exalted literary taste. Such judge. articles as the "Hall of Incholese," by J. N. McJilton, are popular only with a small number of rea From the New York Weekly Messenger. ders, and are not calculated to increase the moral reputation of the Messenger. The introduction of which this periodical has received from all parts of the Southern Literary Messenger.-The high encomiums the Evil One, as a familiar in human society-as a social companion in scenes of revelry, has rather a ten- with the five first numbers of the current (second) vol Union, it most richly deserves. We have been favored dency to throw an air of ridicule upon the truths of ume, and have had an intellectual feast in the perusal of Divine Revelation. Milton indeed pierced the myste- many articles contained therein. To express our opinion rious veil which shrouds the monarch of darkness, but candidly of the talents and erudition of the worthy editor Milton's Satan, "high on his throne of state," is invest of this monthly, would expose us to the charge of pla ed with a sublime terror which forbids the approaches of levity, and leaves behind it no impression inconsistent giarism, because it would be exactly similar to half a with revealed truth. No similar exception, however, of approbation. What shall we do then? To go through hundred others, who have preceded us in expressions can be taken to any other article in the present number and examine every article in five numbers, is more than of the Messenger. The MSS. of Franklin are interesting remains of that great man-interesting as illus- we have space for. But we must-we feel bound to trations of the strong common sense which peculiarly for his unprecedented literary zeal. He ought to meet say, Virginians especially are indebted to Mr. White distinguished him. "Lionel Granby" is one of the best with encouragement; in short, we believe he doeschapters which has appeared under that title. A novel but there should be an effort made to sustain the underhowever, published at intervals in the pages of a month-taking, by a continually increasing list of paying subly miscellany, necessarily loses by that circumstance much of its interest. The author of "Odds and Ends"

66

scribers.

filled with rich literary food once a month, they should If our friends in the city or country wish their table immediately order "The Southern Literary Messenger," published by T. W. White, Richmond, Va. There is one article to which we object, the burlesque, or caricature, not criticism, on Fay's "Norman Leslie,” but in making only one objection, we think much is said for the periodical, more than can be said of any other of the monthlies. We really do think it is as good as any, if not the very best in these United States. We think so highly of the Richmond "Messenger," that if we had the numbers of the first volume, we would have them neatly bound, and placed in our library as a literary

treasure.

From the Norfolk Herald.

has attempted with much humor and effect, a new moral classification of that strange compound animal called Man. His satire is for the most part just, and his style racy and agreeable. "Random Thoughts," saving and excepting one or two smutty allusions, are excellent. They have an air of freshness and originality, which is quite delightful, considering how little can be said which is new upon any subject. The Lecture on German Literature," by Mr. Calvert of Baltimore, now for the first time published, is highly creditable to its author. It evinces much classical taste, combined with a spirit of philosophical criticism. Mr. Calvert is sometimes, how ever, careless in his style, or rather in the formation of his sentences, which a good writer should study to avoid; and the great literary sin of this country, a propensity to bombast-is discernible in some parts of his lecture. Take for example the following passage, "John Wolf- The Southern Literary Messenger for May very gal gang Goethe, was born at Frankfort on the Maine, in lantly holds it own. The manuscripts of Franklin' are 1749, ten years before Schiller. 'Selectest influences,' well worth publishing. The chapter of Lionel Granby leagued with nature, to produce this wonderful man. introduces us into the bodily presence of Lamb and Cole To give its complete development to a mighty inward ridge, and the ragged regiment of folios and quartos pass power, outward circumstances were most happily pro- in review before us. The Lecture on German Litera pitious. Upon faculties of the quickest sensibility, and ture, by Mr. Calvert of Baltimore, is a very entertain yel of infinitely elastic power-wide convulsions and world- ing discourse on the history of the poetry and philosophy disturbing incidents bore with tempestuous force, dilating the of that wonderful people; but it is clear that the author congenial energies of the young genius who suddenly threw of the lecture has paid more attention to the German out his fiery voice to swell the tumult round him, and an- than to the English and those languages from which the nounce the master spirit of the age." This would cer- English flows. The paper of Oliver Oldschool is wor tainly be a very unfair specimen of the general charac- thy of its author, and we were happy to see the story ter of the lecture, and it is the more surprising, that of 'Tang Lang' appended as a foot-note. The critical such a sentence should have escaped the vigilance of notices are very good for the most part; but then we the author. The slightest departure from the simplest could hardly expect Mr. Poe to be sour ere the honey mode of expression, if it does not degenerate into bom-moon be past. What has become of the remaining bast, is almost certain to be attended by a certain degree numbers of the series of articles on the distinctive dif of obscurity. The author of the "Hall of Incholese," is himself not free from this blemish. The following passage is entirely unintelligible: "The Spanish minister was married; but a star on the fashionable horizon higher than the vesta of his own choice, prompted the proffer of his help, in the establishment of a medium

ferences of the sexes from the pen of one of the strongest writers of the Commonwealth? We sincerely hope, that, after such a fair beginning, the theme has not proved too mighty-if it has, the author may benceforth ponder well on the advice of Horace. Still we are on the look out for the essays.

"Come, lay thine hand upon her, and she shall live."
Matthew 9th and 18th.

Death cometh to the chamber of the sick.
The ruler's daughter, like the peasant's child,
Grows pale as marble. Hark, that hollow moan
Which none may help, and then, the last, faint breath
Subsiding with a shudder!

Bespeaks an idol fallen from the shrine

Of a fond parent's heart. A wither'd flower
Is there, oh mother, where thy proudest hope
Solac'd itself with garlands, and beheld
New buddings every morn. Father, 'tis o'er!
That voice is silent, which had been thy harp,
Quickening thy footstep nightly toward thy home,
Mingling, perchance, an echo all too deep
Even with the temple-worship, when the soul
Should deal with God alone.

What stranger-step
Breaketh the trance of grief? Whose radiant brow
In meekness, and in majesty doth bend
Beside the bed of death?

O mother, who dost gaze
Upon thy daughter, in that deeper sleep
Which threats the soul's salvation, breathe her name
To that Redeemer's car, both when she smiles
In all her glowing beauty on the morn,
And when, at night, her clustering tresses sweep,
Her downy pillow, in the trance of dreams,
Or when at pleasure's beckoning she goes forth,
Or to the meshes of an earthly love
Yields her young heart! Be eloquent for her!
Take no denial, till that gracious hand
Which rais'd the ruler's dead, give life to her-
That better life, whose wings surmount the tomb!

objected to his interference, but subsequently thought proper to treat with him. The plan of a Convention was in consequence drawn up between them, by the terms of which, the Casauba and all the other fortresses of the city were to be delivered to the French early on the following morning; the Dey and soldiers were to quit Algiers with their families and private property; the inhabitants were to be protected in the enjoyment of their personal liberty, property and religion; their women were to be respected, and their commerce and industry to remain undisturbed.

Algerines, before they evacuated the castle, had fired a slow match communicating with the powder magazines in its vaults, and the last and strongest defence of Algiers was utterly destroyed. As the smoke vanished, | the walls of the fortress were seen rent and shattered by the terrible concussion; the great tower was reduced to a few shapeless masses, and the ground in the environs was covered with fragments of wall, corpses and even cannon, which had been projected into the air by the violence of the explosion. The French soon recovered, and rushing forward with shouts of triumph, planted their standard among the smoking ruins; scarcely too was this done, ere the prompt and skilful engineers were directing the workmen to clear away the interior of the place, and stop the breaches in its outward walls, so as to protect it against the assaults of its former possessors. The ruins of the Star fort were also occupied, and preparations were made for erecting batteries | his preparations for the investment of the place, which on them for the bombardment of the city.

This Convention was sent to the Dey and immedi ately returned with his seal and signature affixed in token of his own assent; he however required time to consult his Divan without whose approbation it could not be legally executed. Bourmont agreed to wait until the next morning; he did not however suspend

were continued with unabated activity.

Algiers was now completely exposed; in a few hours the artillery which had so rapidly overwhelmed its strongest defence, would be levelled against the palace of the Dey and the dwellings of the citizens. Hussein and his subjects had done all that men could do in defence of their country; and it was unnecessary farther to provoke a foe who held them at his mercy. At two o'clock Sidi Mustapha, the Dey's private secretary, appeared under a flag of truce at Bourmont's head quarters, to offer on the part of his master, the surrender of those claims against France which had led to the war, as well as the payment of the expenses occasioned by the expedition, provided the French would leave the country. It is scarcely necessary to say that this proposition was rejected with scorn. hold in my hand," was the reply, "the fate of your city; nothing less than its unconditional surrender can save the Dey and inhabitants from being buried in its ruins." With this answer Mustapha returned to the Casauba, exclaiming, says Bourmont, "When the Al-Casauba might become the "private property" of the gerines are at war with France, they should obtain peace before the evening prayer." Such a speech may have been uttered by the trembling secretary, but when repeated in the despatch of the victorious general it became a mere fanfaronade.

The debate in the Divan lasted the whole night of the 4th, and it was probably stormy; the younger and poorer members of the body proposed, it is said, to murder Hussein, then divide the treasures of the Casauba and escape with them to the interior of the country; the older Turks who had wives and other valuables to lose, found the conditions so much better than was expected, that they only doubted as to their being observed by the French commander. The morning's sun however put an end to the discussion, by enabling them to see every height around the place occupied by the batteries of their enemy; they therefore resigned themselves to their fate, and Mahmoud and Bouderba were despatched to announce their acceptance of the conditions proposed "1by the conqueror. The envoys were likewise charged if possible to obtain a delay of twenty-four hours before the entry of the French troops into the city; this was peremptorily refused by Bourmont, who probably conceiving that within that period the treasures of the

A few bombs were immediately thrown into the town which produced the desired effects. Hussein saw that his fate was in the power of his enemies, and his whole anxiety was to obtain as good terms as possible for himself and his own immediate followers; he accordingly despatched a Turk named Mahmoud, and Bouderba a Moor who had lived in Marseilles and spoke French, to entreat that the firing might be stopped, promising a similar cessation on the side of the Algerines. They received at first the same answer which had been given to the Secretary; however a conference ensued between them and Bourmont, which resulted in a suspension of hostilities.

As soon as the Dey had received the first answer of the French General, he sent to entreat the intervention of the British Consul. Mr. St. John instantly obeyed the summons, and after an interview with the Dey, proceeded to Bourmont's head quarters which were by this time established among the ruins of the Emperor's castle, in order to learn with exactness the conditions required by him. Bourmont at first

Turks, insisted that the port, the forts and the town should all be delivered to him before noon. The Dey of course assented to this demand, and prepared for his retreat to a house in the town which he had occupied before his elevation to the throne; the Beys of Tittery and Constantina made their way with their surviving followers to the country; the forts were evacuated, and the Turks and citizens sullenly retired to their houses.

The French troops were in the meantime collected under arms; every flag was unfurled, and all the pomp and circumstance of warlike triumph was displayed, to render the serious ceremony more imposing. At two o'clock the fleet was anchoring in security under the dreaded batteries of the Mole, and the famous Alger Al Ghazie so long the terror as well as the reproach of Christian Europe, was in the possession of the Franks.

Bourmont met at the gate the French prisoners who had been liberated, and after receiving their felicitations he hastened to the Casauba, whither a guard had been already despatched. The Dey was just taking his departure, and his followers were endeavoring to ap propriate to themselves the rich shawls, hangings, plate, &c. which had not been secured, when the appearance of the French grenadiers put them to flight. The General received from Hussein the keys of the trea sury, and accompanied by Commissioners who had