There is another fault which I will here mentionnot on account of any connexion with that just noticed, but because the recollection of it has just presented itself. It is of most fearful import, for I verily believe prevails among the youth of our country. I mean, the neglect of parents to require their children to seek religious instruction by constant attendance at places of religious worship-places where they themselves, if pro| fessors of religion, deem it their sacred duty to attend. They require—nay, insist upon these children seeking classical, scientific, and literary knowledge by attending schools and colleges; how then can they possibly justify, or even excuse their attendance at church, not being at least equally insisted upon. They themselves, unless hypocrites, must deem religious knowledge far more important than all other kinds united. To leave their children then, at full liberty to seek or not to seek it, and to coerce them in seeking these other kinds, is to act, not only inconsistently and foolishly, but wickedly. whatever-both schools having long ceased to exist; | ciples-be they parents, guardians, or teachers, deserve but it furnishes a most striking proof of the existence, to be, and generally are, utterly disappointed. as well as of the pernicious effects of the last parental fault noticed. As a necessary consequence of this fault, comes the frequent changes made from school to school, often without any assignable cause, but the mere love of novelty; or some secret, but unfounded dissatisfac-it to be the foundation of most of the infidelity which tion imbibed from the ex parte misrepresentation of the children, most carefully concealed from the teachers themselves. If the matter ended here, it might not do more harm than occasion the loss of the particular pupils to the offending teachers; but the fancied injury, although never communicated to the person chiefly interested in removing the unfounded imputation, is, in general, the more diligently made known to others. With all these, the characters of the teachers are deeply injured, if not entirely ruined, without the possibility of a vindication, from utter ignorance of its being any where necessary. Persons who are thus regardless of what they say of schools and their conductors, and who are so careless as to the sources from which they seek a knowledge of their characters, are liable to be greatly deceived, even when making inquiries, in a manner that appears to them most likely to obtain correct in- One of the greatest and most pernicious faults of all, formation. Thus, in the opinion of these precipitate I have reserved for the last to be noticed. It is the and reckless judges, it is at once concluded, that if an utter indifference which, not only parents and guardians individual of their acquaintance has merely been at any but all other persons except the instructers themselves, particular school, whether in casually passing or speci-appear to feel for the reputation of schools and their ally to see it, this person must necessarily be well particular conductors, although this reputation is really qualified to tell, describe, and explain every thing about a matter of the deepest interest to the whole community. it; and therefore, that the sentence of approval or con- Of these institutions and their managers, it seems in demnation produced by this off-hand judge, must be an especial manner, and most emphatically true, that decisive, although it may go no farther than a simple "what is every body's business is no body's business." "ipse dixit"—"he or she said it." Details are rarely, Slander and its effects may certainly be called every if ever asked by such inquirers, (for I have often wit- body's business, since all are exposed to it; yet no indinessed their method of proceeding) but the mere opinion vidual appears to think it his own, or likely to be so, of the informant, for or against the school, is deemed until it touches his own dear self, although one of the all sufficient; the brief assertion, "I've no notion of it," best modes of protecting himself from it, most obviously or "I like it mightily," settles the question. It seems is-to manifest, on all occasions, a readiness to protect never to be even suspected, that to form a just and others. But while men remain so prone to believe ill, impartial judgment in regard to the merits or demerits rather than good, of their fellow creatures, and are too of any school, requires much more time, learning, know- regardless of any reputations but their own, it is hardly ledge of the principles and management of schools in to be expected, that so long as they themselves are safe, general, acquaintance with the various modes of in- much care will be felt whether the persons assailed, structing youth, but, above all, more power of dis- are openly or secretly attacked, or whether they have crimination than most persons possess. Hence, the opportunities to defend themselves or not. Hence, characters both of schools and teachers, are generally at there are no courts in the world that exercise a more the mercy of individuals extremely incompetent to de- despotic, reckless sway, than what may justly be called termine what they really are. courts of defamation; the only qualifications for which are, a talent and love for malignant gossipping. Even the tribunals of the inquisition make a pretence at justice, by calling the accused before them; but the selfconstituted inquisitors of reputation, who often, in the course of their various sessions, sit upon schools and their conductors, disdain to use even the mockery of a trial. With them, to try, to condemn, and to execute the character, while the body is absent, constitute but one and the same act; and like so many grand sultans, whose power is supreme, whose word is law, and whose arguments are the scimitars and bow-strings of death, they are alike uncontrolled and uncontrollable by any considerations even approaching towards truth and justice. If defamation never meets with any thing to check it but the unheeded, unavailing complaints of the immediate sufferers from its diabolical spirit, it will Another common fault with many parents and guardians, has always reminded me of the old miser who inquired of his merchant for a pair of shoes, that must be at once "very neat, and strong, and fine, and cheap." They confound together cheapness and lowness of price, although no two things generally differ more widely; and hence they always endeavor to purchase their schools as they do their merchandise. It is certainly true that a high price does not necessarily make either schools or merchandise of good quality; but it is equally true, that a low price can never have any such effect. The principle of equivalents must be alike consulted in both cases, or no fair, equitable bargain can be made, either for bodily or mental apparel. If much is required, much must be given, provided both parties are free to give and take; and those who act upon different prin | continue greatly to impair, if it does not utterly destroy | are either utterly ignorant, or entirely forget that the one of the most copious sources of human happiness-world is still full of people who are brothers and sisters, I mean, the heart-cheering confidence, that all will ac- at least in feeling, to that Athenian who voted to banish quire fair reputations by always acting in a manner to Aristides, (whom he acknowledged he did not know,) deserve them, and that nothing can bereave them of solely, as he declared—“because he was weary and sick this inestimable blessing, but actual misconduct. It is at heart, on hearing him every where called the Just." true, that our laws hold out something like a remedy The foregoing faults, as far as I can recollect, are the for slander by known individuals. But what is this chief and most pernicious of those which attach parremedy? While house-breaking and house-burning ticularly to parents and guardians. But there are many have often been made punishable by death-character- others to which they are parties, either as principals or breaking and burning have met with no other legal cor-accessaries with that great and complicated mass of rective than pecuniary fines, and these too, dependent human beings, which, when considered in the aggregate, on enactments hard to be applied to any particular case, constitute what is called "the public." These often and upon the capricious, ill-regulated, not to say, pre-form themselves into large subdivisions, arrayed against judiced, judgments of others. To mend the matter, ench other with all the bitter animosity of partizan public opinion generally attaches no small disgrace to hostility, as the assailants and defenders of particular the seeking this species of redress; as if to sue for schools; without appearing, for a moment to reflect, damages to character, implied, on the part of woman, that complete success to either party must sweep from some strong probability of guilt, and on the part of the face of the earth one half of the existing schools, man, a great presumption both of guilt and cowardice. although it is manifest to all who will look soberly at Against the effect of inimical motives, calumnious opi- our present condition, that the supply of good schools, nions, and their underhand circulation, no law affords still falls very far short of the demand. But if this any protection whatever. These matters are entirely exterminating war between the partizans and enemies beyond the reach of all legislation, and unless they can of schools in general is never to cease, would it not be be cured by moral instruction, moral discipline, and far better for the world, if all the schools in it, with such a public sentiment as will keep alive in every their friends and enemies, were crushed together in one bosom a strong sense of our obligations always to judge promiscuous mass-that some new, and, if possible, charitably and justly of each other, the members of our better road might be opened to science, literature and society, one and all, must still live exposed to this deep religion? and deadly curse of secret defamation. Such is the baneful nature of this deplorable evil, that to fear or despise will only serve to aggravate it-while to live above it, although very comfortable to our consciences, can never entirely prevent the injuries it often has the power of inflicting upon even the best of mankind. The disastrous effects of it upon education, so far as this depends upon scholastic establishments, are incalculable; for although some particular schools might rise or fall a sightless distance above the hopes of their most sanguine friends-below the wishes of their bitterest enemies-without materially affecting the general cause of instruction; yet that cause cannot possibly flourish-cannot even approach its maximum of general good, without far greater protection from public sentiment. It must protect, and with parental solicitude too, the reputation both of teachers and schools, or none whatever, even the best, can be secure of a twelve months' existence. None can possibly last, unless all who have any power of giving the tone and character of public opinion, will unite in marking with the severest reprobation the kind of spirit which so frequently gives birth and circulation to the numerous, unfounded of teaching is usually let to the lowest bidder, and that calumnies we so often hear against the very best of them; calumnies too, to the greedy swallowing of which, it forms no objection with many, that they have no authors who have hardihood enough to avow them. But the same violent spirit which ruins some schools by calumny, often exerts itself with so little judgment as to destroy others by intended kindness. Thus, the same tongues which will persecute particular schools in secret-"even unto death," will praise and puff others so immeasurably, as to excite against them that never dying envy and animosity, which is always roused to action by high seasoned commendation of others. These headlong, unreflecting puffers, In education there should be, in reality, but one party(if I may be allowed to say so) that of knowledge and virtue; but one object, and that object human happiness. Until this principle can be universally established and acted upon-until the class of instructers shall not only be held in higher estimation, but be more secure of being protected by public sentiment, from unmerited obloquy and secret detraction, thousands of those who are most capable of fulfilling all the momentous duties of teachers, will shrink entirely from so thankless, so discouraging an occupation. It is true, that even under present circumstances, we have the appearance of much good resulting from the various attempts to educate the rising generation; but no very extensive advantage— no permanent benefit, at all commensurate to the wants and wishes of our thirteen millions of people, can possibly result from them while things remain exactly as they are. This is not the worst consequence of such a state of public sentiment-for, not only will the accessions of highly qualified persons to the class of instructers be much fewer, but those already belonging to it, will either abandon it, or, perceiving that the privilege their profession is generally treated as an inferior one, having few claims to generous sympathy, and none to that respect and esteem which would bear them harmless, at all times, against all suspicions of meanness and servility, will insensibly contract the spiritless, submissive feelings which they find are commonly supposed to belong to their situation. Seeing also that a spirit of independence—a nice, high-minded sense of honor, are deemed by many, sentiments of much too exalted a grade for those who follow such a calling, their principles are always in danger of sinking to the level of such a standard, however arbitrary and unreasonable may have been its establishment. Woe to the unlucky wight of a schoolmaster or schoolmistress who happens | congenial vulgar and jealous pride of the heads of the to be gifted with so rebellious a heart, as to betray any feeling, even approaching to indignant resentment, for such treatment! Silence is their true policy, for it will be considered his or her humble duty; and silence must be kept, cost what it may, unless they are prepared to encounter the worst consequences of derision, scorn, or deprivation of what is called patronage. house, impatient of the intellectual equality or supe riority which they have brought within their sphere. The remark, however, does not apply to the narrowminded only. All of us regard too lightly those who make a profit of communicating what all of us prize, and what we know entitles us to respect when we possess it. Some carry their neglect or contempt farther affected by the vicious standard of consideration common in the country. The instructers of youth serve for low wages; that is a sufficient cause for their being slighted, where money puts its value upon every thing and being. The butler and groom, indeed, serve for It is readily admitted, that persons of this profes-than others, but all are, in a greater or less degree, sion are more highly estimated than they were forty or fifty years ago; for I distinctly recollect the time when all I have said of the degrading treatment of teachers generally, both by parents and others, was literally true; when to the question, "who is such a one?" the common reply was, "oh, nothing but a school-less than the tutor; but, beside the lowness of price, master or schoolmistress;" and when they were all there is another peculiar ingredient in the condition of commonly viewed precisely as we might imagine from the last, which is, the accompaniment with it of a claim such an answer. But although they have, of late years, to respect on the score of a requital. It is this very been elevated a spoke or two higher up the ladder of | claim, so ill-substantiated in hard cash, the secret forte respectability, still they are not admitted to a level with of which wounds the self-love of purse-proud nothing. several other classes, whose real claims to superiority ness, which sinks the poor tutor in regard below the have no better foundation than their own silly, ground-man of corks or currycombs. We will not deny, too, less pride. The following extract from the London Examiner affords a striking proof that what I have affirmed of the public sentiment relative to the class of teachers in the United States, is true to a still more pernicious extent in Great Britain. that there are families in which the care of wine and the training of horses are really accounted, although not confessed, of superior importance to the care and training of youth. These are extreme cases, however, which we would not put. The common one is that of desiring and supposing every thing respectable in the preceptor, and denying him respect-of procuring an individual to instil virtue and knowledge into the minds practical and immediate example of virtue and know. ledge neglected or despised in his person. How can a boy (and boys are shrewd enough) believe that the aequirements, the importance of which is dinned in his ears, are of any value as a means of commanding the respect of the world, when he witnesses the treatment, the abject social lot of the very man, who, as best stored with them, has been chosen his instructer? Will he not naturally ask, how can these things obtain honor for me which do not command even courtesy for him who is able to communicate them to me?” We remember, in a little volume treating on instruc tion, to have seen this anecdote: The author remarks, "A trust is generally accounted honorable in proportion to its importance, and the order of the qualities or acquirements requisite to the dis-of youth, and showing them, at the same time, the charge of it. There is, however, one striking exception to this rule in the instance of the instructers of youth, who, specially appointed to communicate the knowledge and accomplishments which may command respect in the persons of their pupils, are, in their own, denied every thing beyond the decencies of a reluctantly accorded civility, and often are refused even those barren observances. The treatment which tutors, governesses, ushers, and the various classes of preceptors, receive in this boasted land of liberality, is a disgrace to the feelings, as well as to the understanding of society. Every parent acknowledges that the domestic object of the first importance is the education of his children. In obtaining the services of an individual for this purpose, he takes care to be assured" (not always so with us) "that his morals are good and his acquirements beyond the common average-in nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of a thousand, we may add, beyond those which he himself possesses, and on which he sufficiently prides himself. When he has procured such a man as he believes this to be, he treats him with perhaps as much courtesy as his cork-drawer, and shows him less favor than his groom. The mistress of the family purpose to make her an offer-not of 401. a year, but of my sues the same course with the governess which the master adopts towards the tutor. The governess is acknowledged competent to form the minds and manners of the young ladies-to make, indeed, the future women: but of how much more consequence in the household is she who shapes the mistresses caps, and gives the set to her head-dress-the lady's maid! The unhappy teachers in almost every family are only placed just so much above the servants as to provoke in them the desire to pull them down-an inclination in the vulgar menials which is commonly encouraged by the "A lady wrote to her son, requesting to look out for a young lady, respectably connected, possessed of various elegant accomplishments and acquirements, skilled in the languages, a proficient in music, and above all, an unexceptionable moral character-and to make her an offer of 401. a year for her services as a governess. The son's reply was-'My dear mother, I have long been looking out for such a person as you describe, and when I have the good fortune to meet with her, I pro hand, and to ask her to become-not your governess, but my wife."" Such are the qualities expected or supposed in instructers; and yet, what is notoriously their treatment? I will here end this long and painful catalogue of pa rental faults, and shall devote the next lecture to the faults of teachers-merely remarking, in conclusion, that my sole undertaking being to point out things which require reformation, I shall present no favorable views of the various parties concerned in the great work of education, although many very animating ones might be given. To aid in removing the numerous obstacles which so fatally impede its progress, being my only purpose, I would fain render the nature of them as odious as possible, believing this to be the best means of accomplishing the great end in view. May the moral mirror which I have endeavored to present to all parents and guardians who may now hear me, enable them so to see and to study their own peculiar faults as speedily to correct them. TO MISS OF NORFOLK. Which ever way my vision turns, Thy breath in every balmy air; Thy words seem truth herself enshrined, What dreams of bliss entrance the soul, B. FROM THE MSS. OF FRANKLIN. In vain are musty morals taught in schools, By rigid teachers and as rigid rules, Charming Woman, can true converts make- Editorial. RIGHT OF INSTRUCTION. CRITICAL NOTICES. LETTERS ON PENNSYLVANIA. A Pleasant Peregrination through the Prettiest Parts of Pennsylvania. Performed by Peregrine Prolix. Philadelphia: Grigg and Elliot. We know nothing farther about Peregrine Prolix than that he is the very clever author of a book entitled "Letters descriptive of the Virginia Springs," and that he is a gentleman upon the wrong side of forty. The first fact we are enabled easily to perceive from the peculiarity of an exceedingly witty-pedantic style characterizing, in a manner not to be mistaken, both the Virginia and the Pennsylvania Letters-the second appears from the first stanza of a rhyming dedication (much better than eulogistic) to John Guillemard, Esquire, Fellow of the Royal Society, London I send my friend a little token Three thousand miles across the sea, However these matters may be, it is very certain that Peregrine Prolix is a misnomer, that his book is a very excellent thing, and that the Preface is not the worst part of it. Our traveller, before setting out on his peregrinations, indulges us, in Letter I, with a very well executed outline sketch, or scratch, of Philadelphia, not troubling himself much about either his keeping or his fillings in. We cannot do better than just copy the whole of his picture. Philadelphia is a flat, rectangular, clean, (almost too clean sometimes, for on Saturdays "nunquam cessavit lavari, aut fricari, aut tergeri, aut ornari, poliri, pingi, fingi,"*) uniform, well-built, brick and mortar, (except one stone house,) well-fed and watered, well-clad, moral, industrious, manufacturing, rich, sober, quiet, good-looking city. The Delaware washes its eastern and the Schuylkill its western front. The distance between the two rivers is one mile and three quarters, which space on several streets is nearly filled with houses. Philadelphia looks new, and is new, and like Juno always will be new; for the inhabitants are constantly pulling down and new-vamping their houses. The furor delendi with regard to old houses, is as rife in the bosoms of her citizens, as it was in the breast of old Cato with regard to Carthage. A respectable-looking old house is now a rare thing, and except the venerable edifice of Christ Church in Second above Market Street, we should hardly know where to find one. The pages of our Magazine are open, and have ever been, to the discussion of all general questions in Poli-ters and cousins of the same family; like the supernutical Law, or Economy-never to questions of mere party. The paper on the Right of Instruction, which forms our leading article this month, was addressed, in the form of a letter, to a gentleman of Richmond. The letter concluded thus The dwelling-houses in the principal streets are all very much alike, having much the air of brothers, sis "I assure you, my dear sir, that I hesitate about sending these sheets to you under the denomination of a letter. But I began to write without knowing how far the subject might carry me on. No doubt had I time to write it over again, I might avoid repetition and greatly abridge it. But I pray you to take it with a fair allowance for all imperfections of manner; for the opinions and argument I confess my responsibility. Most truly and respectfully your obedient servant, merary figures in one of West's historical paintings, or like all the faces in all of Stothard's designs. They are nearly all three stories high, faced with beautiful bles and steps of white marble, kept so painfully clean red unpainted Philadelphia brick, and have water ta as to make one fear to set his foot on them. The roofs are in general of cedar, cypress or pine shingles; the continued use of which is probably kept up (for there is plenty of slate,) to afford the Fire-Companies a little wholesome exercise. each side convenient trottoirs well paved with brick, and This same Schuylkill water is the cause of many com-zens and any strangers who may happen to be in town. forts in the shape of drinking, bathing and clean linen, (indusia toraliaque ;) and enters into the composition of those delicious and persuasive liquids called Pepper's beer and Gray's ale and porter. These parties are not confined to any particular circle; but all men who are distinguished in the arts, whether fine or mechanical; or in the sciences, whether natural or artificial, are liable to be invited. The members of the club are all M. A. P. S., and the parties are sup posed to look with a steady eye towards the cultivation of science; the other eye however regards with equal complacency the useful and ornamental arts of eating and drinking. The only defect in the latter department that we have discovered, is the banishment of ice cream and roman punch. This water is so pure, that our brothers of New York complain of its want of taste; and it is as wholesome and refreshing as the stream of father Nilus. It is also so copious, that our incendiaries are scarcely ever able to burn more than the roof or garret of one or two houses in a month. The fire companies are numerous, voluntary, well-organized associations, amply furnished with engines, hose, and all other implements and mu- The markets are well supplied with good things. The nitions necessary to make successful war upon the de- principal one is held under long colonnades running stroying element; and the members are intelligent, along the middle of Market street, and extending from active and intrepid young men, so skilful from daily Front to Eighth street, a distance of more than one thou practice, that they will put you out three or four fires sand yards. The columns are of brick and the roofs of in a night, in less time than Higginbottom, that veteran shingles, arched and ceiled underneath. If I were to fireman of London, would have allowed them to kindle. say all they deserve of its beef, mutton and veal, there The public confidence in these useful, prompt, ener-would be no end to the praises that flesh is heir to; but getic and faithful companies is so great, that no citizen the butter and cream-cheese in the spring and summer, is alarmed by the cry of fire; for he knows that the are such dainties as are found in no other place under first tap on the State House bell, arouses hundreds of the welkin. They are produced on dairy farms and by these vigilant guardians of the city's safety, who rush families near the city, whose energies have for several to the scene of danger with one accord; and with en-generations been directed to this one useful end, and gines, axes, ladders, torches, hooks and hose, dash through summer's heat, or winter's hail and snows. who now work with an art made perfect by the expe rience of a century. Here is the seat of the University of Pennsylvania, which comprehends a College of the Arts and several pre paratory schools; and a college of Medicine the most celebrated of the United States, in the list of whose professors are many names advantageously known in all civilized nations. The old State House, in whose eastern room the Declaration of Independence was signed, has on the top of it, a sort of stumpy steeple, which looks as if somewhat pushed in, like a spy glass, half shut. In this steeple is a large clock, which, twice as bad as Janus, presents four faces, which at dusk are lighted up like the full moon; and as there is a man in the moon, so The Hospital for the insane, sick and wounded is a there is a man in the clock, to see that it does not lag be- weil conducted institution, and worth a stranger's visit. hind, nor run away from father time; whose where-Go and see also the Museum, the Water-Works, the about, ever and anon, the people wish to know. This Navy-Yard, and the public squares, and lots of other close observer of the time is also a distant observer of things too tedious to write down. the fires, and possesses an ingenious method of com- The site of the city promises very little for the scene municating their existence and position to his fellow ry of the environs; but unlike the witches in Macbeth, citizens below. One tap on the great bell means north; what is promised is more than kept. Take an open two indicate south; three represent east, and four point carriage and cross the Schuylkill by the Market street out west; and by composition these simple elements bridge, and ride up the west bank of the river for five are made to represent also the intermediate points. If or six miles, and your labor will be fully rewarded by the fire be in the north, the man strikes successive blows a succession of lovely landscapes, comprehending water, with solemn and equal intervals, thus; tap-tap- hill and dale; wood, lawn and meadow; villas, farm tap- -tap; if it be in the south, thus; tap tap-tap houses and cottages, mingled in a charming variety. tap; if it be in the north east, thus; tap-tap tap On the west bank of the Schuylkill opposite to the tap- -tap-tap tap tap; so that when the thrifty city, we regret to say, is an enormous palace, which and well-fed citizen is roused by the cry of fire at mid-cost many hundred thousand dollars, called an Alms night, from a pleasant dream of heaps of gold and smok-house, (unhappy misnomer,) which is big enough to ing terrapins and whisky punch, he uncovers one ear and listens calmly for the State House bell, and if its iron tongue tell of no scathe to him, he turns him on his side and sleeps again. What a convenient invention, which tells the firemen when and where to go, and the terrapin men when to lie snug in their comfortable nests! This clever plan is supposed to have been invented by an M. A. P. S.; this however, we think doubtful, for the Magellanic Premium has never, to our knowledge, been claimed for the discovery. This reminds us that the American Philosophical Society is located* in Philadelphia, where it possesses a spacious hall, a good library, and an interesting collection of American antiquities, gigantic fossil bones, and other curiosities, all of which are open to the inspection of intelligent and inquisitive travellers. The Society was founded by the Philosophical Franklin, and its presidential chair is now occupied by the learned and venerable Duponceau. hold all the paupers that would be in the world, if there were no poor laws to make them. But you had better go and see it, and take the length and breadth and height of our unreason, in this age of light, when we ought to know better. The people of Philadelphia are in general well-informed, well-bred, kind, hospitable and of good man ners, very slightly tinged with quaker reserve; and the tone of society is good, except in a small circle of ex clusive imagines subita, who imitate very awkwardly the exaggerations of European fashion. The tone of the Satanic school, which has somewhat infected the highest circles of fashion in England, has not yet crossed the Atlantic. There are many good Hotels, and extensive board ing houses; and the table of the Mansion House is said to be faultless. Taking every thing into consideration, this is cer tainly the very spot for annuitants, who have reached the rational age of fifty, to nestle in during the long remnant of their comfortable days. We say long rem nant, because as a class, annuitants are the longest There exists here a club of twenty-four philosophers, who give every Saturday evening very agreeable male parties; consisting of the club, twenty invited citiA new and somewhat barbarous, but exceedingly conveni-livers; and there is an excellent company here, that not ent yankeeism, which will probably work its way into good so- only grants annuities, but also insures lives. ciety in England, as its predecessor lengthy,' has already done. + Called Wistar parties, in honor of the late illustrious Caspar Wistar, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. (in the shade,) all the degrees of temperature that are The climate of Philadelphia is variable, and exhibits contained between the tenth below, and the ninetieth |