Table XIX.-CAUSES, ETC., OF LOCKOUTS, BY STATES—Continued.

CONNECTICUT-Concluded.

Against nonunion men....
Against threatened strike...

................
Against threatened strike against reduction of wages...
Against threatened strike for increase of wages and reduction of

hours ...
Against union apprenticeship rules....
Against union men ......
Against union men and union rules........
Against union rules...
To compel adoption of proposed scale.....
To compel granite cutters to do quarrying ...
To discipline employees for being absent without leave ...
To enforce change of date for ending of yearly scale..........
To enforce discharge of employees..........
To enforce new rules ......
To enforce reduetion of piece price on introduction of machinery
To enforce reduction of wages....
To enforce work for another shop in which strike was pending.....
To prevent employees from joining labor organization ..

Total.

DELAWARE.

Against union men and union rules ...

Total...

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Against members of certain union ..
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands ..

Total

FLORIDA.

Against demand for adoption of union rules..........
Against demand for payment of wages retained to pay for damages

done to property through carelessness.
Against organization of Knights of Labor assembly.
Against threatened strike ......
Against threatened strike for recognition of union
Against union rules as to number of apprentices allowed.
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands

Total...

GEORGIA.

Against demand for increase of wages...................
Against threatened strike .
Against threatened strike for increase of wages..
Against threatened strike for reduction of hours.
Against union men..
To compel employees to do night work at same rate as day work
To compel employees to pay shop rent .......
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands.
To enforce reduction of wages...

TABLE XIX.-CAUSES, ETC., OF LOCKOUTS, BY STATES—Continued.

ILLINOIS.

Cause or object.

Estab

Suc-
Suc-

ceeded Failed.
ments.
ceeded.

partly.

lish

Against demand for adoption of union scale......
Against demand for discharge of nonunion employees.....
Against demand for holiday.....................................
Against demand for increase of wages......
Against demand for increase of wages or red
Against demand for reduction of hours.
Against employees forming union...
Against employees receiving visitors during working hours.
Against employees working for contractors not members of masters'

association.......
Against fines assessed by union and to compel employees to sign

ed by union :: agreement to work only for members of masters' association ..... Against fines assessed by union for alleged violation of agreement... Against nonunion men .... Against recognition of check weighman selected by miners .. Against threatened strike. Against threatened strike against truck system and to enforce re

duction of wages. Against threatened strike for adoption of union scale..... Against threatened strike for increase of wages and reduction of

nours .................................................
Against union men..
Against union men and union rules......
Against union rules...
To compel cigar makers to change shape of cigar without change of
price....................

.......................
To compel employees to furnish union labels...
To compel employees to leave union and join stock company ...
To compel employees to relinquish demands for back shops and to

sign agreement not to strike during the year...
To compel employees to sign agreement to work only for members

of Iron League and change union rules. To compel employees to stop paying assistance to strikers in an

other establishment .. To compel employees to teach apprentices and to withdraw from

union................................
To compel employees to use material from nonunion establishment.
To compel employees to withdraw from Building Trades Couneil

and to enforce rules of Building Contractors' Council......
To compel employees to work on boycotted material...
To compel employees to work on boycotted patterns......
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands

and to break up labor unions......
To compel union men to work with nonunion men.......
To compel union to raise boycott........
To enforce change in method of doing work or reduction of wages
To enforce increase of hours......
To enforce increase of hours and change from piece to day work..
To enforce Master Stonecutters' Association rules....
To enforce new rules ...................................
To enforce reduction of wages......
To enforce reduction of wages and against union men.....
To enforce rules of masters' union and against meinbers of certain

labor organizations....,
To enforce rule to reduce force during slack season instead of alter-

nating work among all employees..
To enforce termination of contract and reduction of wages..
To enforce truck system...
To prevent reduction of hours..

Total............

No obstais

1.980

700 250

INDIANA.

Against demand for better material.....
Against demand for discharge of nonunion employees and increase

of wages.....
Against demand for increase of wages ....
Against demand for reduction of hours....
Against demand for six months' contract..
Against employees forming union.....
Against threatened strike in sympathy with strike elsewhere...
Against union men.........
To coinpel union to raise boycott against certain firms...
To enforce reduction of wages..
To reduce force....

Table XIX.-CAUSES, ETC., OF LOCKOUTS, BY STATES—Continued.

IOWA.

Cause or object.

Sur

Suc

Estab

lish ments.

ceeded Failed. partly.

Against demand for increase of wages....
Against demand for time and a half for overtime...
Against meinbers of the Knights of Labor .....
Against threatened strike....

........
Against threatened strike for increase of wages .......
Against union men ......
To compel employees to furnish union labels for cigars made else-

where in nonunion factory ....
To enforce contract system..
To enforce new rules......
To enforce reduction of wages....

Total

KANSAS.

Against threatened strike for increase of wages and to compel em

ployees to sign yearly contract as to wages, not to strike, etc.. Against threatened strike for reduction of hours and uniform scale To compel employees to raise boycott.

Against demand for adoption of union scale..
Against employees found to be strikers from another shop......
Against members of the Knights of Labor.....
Against union men ...............
To compel strikers in another establishment to relinquish demands.
To enforce increase of hours....
To enforce reduction of wages....
To enforce reduction of wages and right to employ a larger number

of apprentices...
To eniorce reduction of wages and use of machinery .....
To prevent reduction of hours.

NANNO

Total....

.....................

24

MAINE.

Against demand for increase of wages....
Against demand for reinstatement of discharged employee..
Against members of the Knights of Labor....
To unforce change of date for ending of yearly scale.......
To enforce reduction of wages...
Total...

.............................

Against demand for adoption of new scale and discharge of non

union employees...... Against demand for adoption of union scale .......... Against demand for a year's contract ...........................

Table XIX.-CAUSES, ETC., OF LOCKOUTS, BY STATES—Continued.

MASSACHUSETTS-Concluded.

Against demand for discharge of nonunion employees..
Against demand for discharge of nonunion employees and increase

of wages .....
Against demand for increase of wages.....
Against demand for reduction of hours ...
Against nonunion men...
Against threatened strike for adoption of union scale
Against threatened strike for increase of wages......
Against threatened strike for reduction of hours....
Against union men ........
Against union men and union rules.....
To compel deposit as security against striking without notice ..
To compel employees to buy machines and return finished work

another part of city...
To compel employees to do a larger amount of work.....
To compel employees to leave one .sbo organization and join an-

other..............
To compel employees to operate machinery...
To compel employees to sign individual contracts .......
To compel employees to sigr teinperance pledge.........
To compel employees to withdraw from union.......
To com pel employees to work overtime...
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands..
To compel union men to allow nonunion men to operate machines
To compel weavers to work by the piece...
To compel women to do men's work .........
To discipline employees for being absent without leave..
To enforce agreement with cornice workers' union as to sympathetic

strike .............................................................
To enforce change in apprenticeship rules..
To enforce change in method of doing work and open-shop system..
To enforce change of date for ending of yearly scale......
To enforce increase of hours.......
To enforce new rules and scale...
To enforce new scale ............
To eniorce reduction of wages..
To enforce reduction of wages and against demand for reduction of

hours....
To eniorce rules .....
To prevent employees from joining labor organization.
To resist strike for increase of wages in another establishment

Total............

MICHIGAN.

Against demand for cash payment .........
Against demand for increase of wages....
Against demand for reduction of hours...
Against reiusal of employees to use material furnished by establish-

ment whose employees were on strike...
Against union men .............
Against union men and union rules .....
Against union rules.......
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands...
To compel union to raise boycott against certain firms...........
To enforce reduction of wages......

00

Total.

1

MINNESOTA.

Against demand for adoption of union rules and union scale.
Against demand for adoption of union scale....
Against demand for increase of wages.........
Against employees joining labor organization
Against union men.............................
Against union men and union rules .....
To compel Cigar Makers' International Union to furnish labels.
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands
To compel union men to work with nonunion men..
To enforce increase of hours....
To enforce reduction of wages...

******* To enforce use of greater amount of plate matter....

Total....

TABLE XIX.–CAUSES, ETC., OF LOCKOUTS, BY STATES-Continued.

MISSOURI

Cause or object.

Estab

Suc-
lish-
Suc-

ceeded Failed.
ments.
ceeded.

partly.

Against demand for adoption of new scale and discharge of non

union employees......
Against demand for change from piece to day work...
Against demand for discharge of foreman.....
Against refusal of employees to work during July and August
Against threatened strike for increase of wages..
Against union men .....
To enforce reduction of wages...
To reduce force...

Total.................................... .......

MONTANA.

Against employees forming
Against union men.
To enforce modification of union rules as to right of employees to

work with tools...
To enforce reduction of wages......

Against demand for adoption of union rules and union scale........
Against demand for increase of wages......
Against threatened strike against use of electrotype plates.
Against threatened strike for increase of wages...
Against threatened strike for reduction of hours...
Against threatened strike to enforce agreement as to wages...
Against union men...
To compel employees to work overtime...
To compel strikers in other establishments to relinquish demands.
To enforce reduction of wages..............
To enforce rules ......

Total....

NEW MEXI00.

Against union men

Total............