employed in establishments in the two States of New York and Illinois; 67.48 per cent in establishments located in the three States of New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania; 74.61 per cent in establishments located in the four States of New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts, and 78.75 per cent in establishments in the five States of New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Ohio. The distribution of strikes and lockouts, by principal cities, during the twenty years from January 1, 1881, to December 31, 1900, is shown in the following tables:

STRIKES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES, JANUARY 1, 1881, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

LOCKOUTS IN PRINCIPAL CITIES, JANUARY 1, 1881, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

a Not including the amount in 1 establishment for which these data were not obtainable.

In the case of both strikes and lockouts the cities shown are the 20 in which the greatest number of these disturbances occurred during the period included in the report. It will be noticed that the cities are practically the same in both classes of disturbances.

Considering the table for strikes, it is seen that out of a total of 22,793 strikes for the entire country during the twenty-year period 10,723, or 47.05 per cent, occurred in the 20 cities included in the table. The number of establishments involved in strikes in the United States during the period was shown as 117,509, of which number 75,964, or 64.65 per cent, occurred in the 20 cities. The number of employees thrown out of employment in the United States during the period by reason of strikes was 6,105,694, of which 2,491,508, or 40.81 per cent, were employed in establishments located in the 20 cities included in the table. The wage loss to employees through strikes in the 20 cities was $76,637,571, as against $257,863,478 for the entire country; the loss to employers $56,058,702, as against $122,731,121; and the assistance to employees by labor organizations $8,537,350, as against $16,174,793. The proportion of the total wage loss occurring in strikes in these cities was, consequently, 29.72 per cent, while that of the employers' losses was 45.68 per cent. The assistance rendered strikers in these cities was 52.78 per cent of the total amount of assistance rendered to strikers in the entire country. These 20 cities contained 25.30 per cent of all the manufacturing establishments and employed 35.38 per cent of the capital invested in the mechanical industries of the United States, according to figures furnished the Department by the Census Office. Six of the 20 cities, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Allegheny, Pittsburg, and Boston, reported 8,305 strikes, or 36.44 per cent of all the strikes which occurred in the United States during the period involved, and 63,086 establishments, or 53.69 per cent of the whole number of establishments involved. The table for lockouts may be analyzed in a similar manner.

Table VII.-Summary of strikes for the United States, by industries. This table summarizes the facts given in Table IV, showing in brief form the data for each industry, the strikes for all States and for all of the twenty years being combined to secure the totals for the industries as shown here. Table XVIII of the report relates to lockouts and is entirely similar to this table in both its title and the arrangement of the facts included therein.

The industries affected by strikes during the twenty-year period ending December 31, 1900, are shown in the following table, with especial reference to the number of strikes in each, the number of establishments affected, and the number of employees thrown out of employment.

STRIKES, BY INDUSTRIES, JANUARY 1, 1881, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

a Not including the number in 33 establishments for which these data were not obtainable.

The industries most affected by strikes during the period included in the present report were the building trades, with 4,440 strikes, involving 41,910 establishments and 665,946 employees; coal and coke, with 2,515 strikes, involving 14,575 establishments and 1,892,435 employees; metals and metallic goods, with 2,080 strikes, involving 4.652 establishments and 511,336 employees; clothing, with 1,638 strikes, involving 19,695 establishments and 563,772 employees; tobacco, with 1,509 strikes, involving 6,153 establishments and 251,096 employees, and transportation, with 1,265 strikes, involving 3,436 establishments and 484,454 employees. It is thus seen that of the 22,793 strikes which occurred during the period, 59 per cent were in the six industries just mentioned, while of the 117,509 establishments involved, 76.95 per cent were so engaged. As regards the employees thrown out of employment by strikes, 71.56 per cent of the total number were connected with establishments engaged in these six industries.

A table for lockouts similar in all respects to the preceding one for strikes follows:

LOCKOUTS, BY INDUSTRIES, JANUARY 1, 1881, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

In the lockouts which occurred during the twenty years also, the six industries-building trades, coal and coke, metals and metallic goods, clothing, tobacco, and transportation-bear a very large proportion of the burden, having 51.44 per cent of the total lockouts, with 78.82 per cent of the establishments involved and 60.53 per cent of the employees thrown out of employment.

The following short table, which includes data for the entire period of twenty years, shows the number of persons thrown out of employment by strikes and lockouts in each of the industries, subdivided as to sex.

SEX OF EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, BY INDUSTRIES, JANUARY 1, 1881, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

a Not including the number in 33 establishments for which these data were not obtainable.

A preceding table gave similar data by years instead of by industries, showing that, as a whole, but 10 per cent of the employees thrown out of employment by reason of strikes were females, while 90 per cent were males. In the present table may be seen the industries in which female employees were most deeply involved in strikes.

Of the employees thrown out of employment by reason of strikes it is seen that in the cotton and woolen goods industry 52.84 per cent were females; in cotton goods, 52.46 per cent; in silk goods, 51.40 per cent; in carpeting, 48.09 per cent; in woolen and worsted goods, 46.19 per cent; in rope and bagging, 42.95 per cent; in rubber goods, 42.92 per cent; in tobacco, 37.38 per cent; in clothing, 37.31 per cent; in paper and paper goods, 31.89 per cent; in boots and shoes, 26.76 per cent; in watches, 21.44 per cent; in pottery, earthenware, etc., 17.59 per cent, etc. In lockouts the largest proportion of females thrown out of employment are found in the following industries: Cotton and LAB 1901-3