Mora-wood More Africa, Australia and Tibet. The Mo islands and is deeply indented. The ravian Brethren are distinguished for the plains or the coast are fertile, and the Puritanical simplicity of their life and ordinary fruits are abundant; cider, butmanners, and for their earnest, if some- ter and honey are among the chief what narrow and austere, piety. The products. The fisheries are important, practice of living in exclusive communi- and the general trade, favored by the ties or villages still obtains in Germany. harbors on the coast and by canals, is Within these communities the unmarried considerable. Iron is the chief mineral. men sometimes live in common in a build- The chief town is Vannes. Pop. 573,152. ing assigned for that end, the unmarried Mordant (mor'dant), a substance frewomen in another, widows in a third. quently employed to fix the Moravian schools deservedly enjoy a high colors in dyeing. See Dyeing. reputation even among those who are not Mordaunt (mor'dant), CHARLES members of the community. The clergy See Peterborough, Earl are divided into bishops, priests, and dea- of. The Moravian church is estimated cons. Mora-wood. Same as Fustic. Mordvins (mord'vinz), a race of people inhabiting European Russia, and belonging to the Bulgaric or Volgaic group of the Finnish family of peoples. They are found chiefly in the governments of Penza, Simbirsk, Saratov, Samara, Nishegorod and Tamboy. Their chief sources of livelihood are cattle-rear ing, hunting, fishing and bee-keeping. Their numbers are estimated at 480,000. on moral and religious subjects, born at Clifton, Bristol, about 1745; died there in 1833. Her talents early made Moray Firth (mur'a), the great gulf on the northeast coast of Scotland, containing at its widest extent the sea between Duncansby Head in Caithness-shire and Kinnaird Head in Aberdeenshire, a distance of 78 miles; but in a restricted sense that portion which her acquainted with Johnson, Burke, lies between Tarbat Ness and Lossiemouth (21 miles), and which extends into the Cromarty and Beauly Firths. Moray, EARL OF, half-brother of Mary or MURRAY, JAMES STUART, Queen of Scots, natural son of James V of Scotland and Margaret Erskine, born about 1533. In 1558 he joined the Lords of the Congregation, and was soon recognized as the head of the reformers' party. On Mary's return from France Moray became her favored adviser, but her marriage with Darnley and subsequent events caused a breach between them which constantly widened. Garrick, and other literary men, and her plays, The Inflexible Captive, Percy and the Fatal Captive, were fairly successful. she devoted herself to the composition of After the production of the last, in 1779, works having a moral and religious tendency, the diffusion of tracts, and philanthropic labors. Her success was astonishing, the profits of her works during her lifetime exceeding £30,000. Her Stric tures on the Modern System of Female Education, Celebs in Search of a Wife, Practical Piety and Moral Sketches, are among her best-known books. HENRY, a divine and philoso On the deposition of More, pher, born at Grantham, in Lin Mary he was appointed regent, defeated her forces at Langside on her escape from Lochleven (1568), and appeared as evidence against her at her trial in England. He consequently incurred the bitter hatred of the queen's party, but earned from the people the title of Good Regent.' In 1570 he was shot in the streets of Linlithgow by Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, who was actuated by private grievances. colnshire, in 1614; died at Cambridge in 1687. He studied at Eton, and was graduated at Christ College, Cambridge, in 1639. In the following year he published his Psycho-Zoia, or the First Part of the Song of the Soul, a blending of Christian, Cabbalist and Platonic doctrines. In 1675 he accepted a prebend in the cathedral of Gloucester, which it is supposed he took only to resign it to his friend Dr. Fowler. He also gave up his rectory of Ingoldsby, in Lincolnshire. In Morbihan (mor-bi-in), a northwest 1661 he became a fellow of the Royal ern department of France, Society. His writings are characterized on the Bay of Biscay; area, 2624 square by the belief that Plato had received miles, of which less than half is arable. through Pythagoras a knowledge of HeThe northern part is billy, but the rest brew theology and was also favored diis low and level, especially along the rectly with supernatural communications. coast, which is lined by several fortile The most admired are his Enchiridion Morayshire. See Elgin, More Moreton Bay Ethicum (1669) and Divine Dialogues showed exceptional strategic power. In Concerning the Attributes and Providence 1799 he was in command of the army of of God. Italy, and next year had the command of More, SIR THOMAS, a chancellor of the armies of the Danube and the Rhine. England, only son of Sir John The passage of these rivers, and a series More, a judge of the Court of King's of victories, ending with Hohenlinden, inbench; born in London in 1480, beheaded duced the Austrians to ask for peace. in 1535. A portion of his youth was spent Being found guilty of participation in the in the family of Cardinal Morton, arch- conspiracy of Pichegru and Cadoudal bishop of Canterbury, and chancellor; against Napoleon (1804), he had to go and he was then sent to Oxford, and into exile, and purchased an estate in afterwards entered at Lincoln's Inn. He Pennsylvania, where he resided some had already formed an intimate and last years. He was subsequently induced to ing friendship with Erasmus. About 1502 aid in the direction of the allie armies he became a member of parliament, and against his own country, but was morimmediately made for himself a place in tally wounded in the battle before Dreshistory by upholding the privileges of the den in 1813, and died a few days later. House of Commons to treat all questions Morecambe Bay (mor'kam), a bay of supply as their own exclusive business. on the northwest On the accession of Henry VIII he was coast of England, running into Lancamade under-sheriff of London. In 1514 shire and Westmoreland. It is very shalhe was envoy to the Low Countries, soon low, and proposals to reclaim the greater after was made a privy-councilor, and portion of it have been frequently made. in 1521 was knighted. He appears to Moreen (mu-ren'),, a Woolen or have ere this time considerably enriched himself by practice, and with his wife, made in imitation of moiré (that is, hava daughter of a gentleman of Essex ing a watered appearance), and used for named Colt, he kept up noble hospi- curtains, dresses, etc. woolen and cotton fabric tality. In 1523 he became speaker of Morel (mor'el), a genus of edible mushthe House of Commons, and in 1529 sucrooms (Morchella), applied speceeded Wolsey in the chancellorship. cifically to Morchella esculenta. When Henry began his attacks on the much used to flavor gravies. It is papal supremacy More at once took up Morelia (mo-ra-le-a) a town of Mexthe position which his conscience dictated as a supporter of the old system. Henry Michoacan, marked him out for vengeance as an has cotton opponent of his matrimonial views, and 40,042. More endeavored to shield himself by re- Morelos tiring from office. He was requested to ico, capital of the State of 6400 feet above sea level. It and tobacco factories. Pop. (mō-rā'lōs), an inland State of Mexico, south of Mexico, take the oath to maintain the lawfulness containing the volcano of Popocatepetl; of the marriage with Anne Boleyn. His area, 1895 sq. miles; pop. 183,700. refusal to do so led to his committal to Morenci (mo-ren'si), a town of Greenlee Co., Arizona, near border, in a copper-mining the Tower, trial for misprision of treason, and execution. His chief work is the New Mexico More'a. See Greece. Moreau (mō-rō), JEAN VICTOR, a French general, born at Morlaix, in Bretagne, in 1763; died in 1813. Bred to the law, he early displayed a predilection for the military profession, and in 1789 he joined the army of the north at the head of a battalion of volunteers. He so distinguished himself that (môr-na'), one of the smallest republics in the world, with an area of about one and a half square miles, lying between Belgium and Prussia, four miles southwest of Aix-laChapelle. It attained self-government in 1841. The people are partly Dutch, partly Belgian and partly German. Prior to the European war (1914-) the republic was under the joint suzerainty of Belgium and Germany. Moresnet remained neutral during the war, and its 3500 inhabitants enjoyed unparalleled prosperity. he was named commander-in-chief of the Moreton Bay (mor'tun), the port of army of the Rhine and Moselle in 1796, Brisbane, the capital destined to threaten Vienna simultane- of Queensland, in the Commonwealth of ously with the invasion of Italy by Bona- Australia. It is about 40 miles long parte. His conduct of the operations, and N. and S. by 17 miles wide, and receives especially of the retreat to the French the waters of the Brisbane and other frontier in the face of a superior army, rivers. The anchorage is good. Moreton Bay Pine ria. Morghen the State Assembly in 1861 and to the Senate in 1868. He became one of the Moreton Bay Pine. See AraucaMoreto y Cabana (mo-ra'to è kå- founders of the modern school of ethnolobản’yi), AGUS gical science, which bases its work on TIN, a Spanish dramatist, born at Madrid the study and comparison of primitive in 1618. He studied at Alcala (1634-39), civilizations. His reputation rests on his entered the household of the Cardinal able League of the Iroquois and his SysArchbishop at Toledo, took holy orders, tems of Consanguinity and Affinity. He ultimately withdrew from the world to an also wrote The American Beaver. ascetic religious brotherhood, and died in Morgan, and brilliant society figure, SYDNEY, LADY, authoress 1669. He was a friend and largely an imitator of Lope de Vega and Calderon, born somewhere between 1770 and 1786, but by his developments on the humorous the actual date having been whimsically side is sometimes regarded as the founder concealed by her. Her father was an of true comedy in Spain. He left more actor on the Dublin stage, named Macthan 200 works, one of which, El Desden Owen or Owenson. She early attracted con el Desden (Scorn for Scorn'), is attention by her musical and other acclassed among the four leading products complishments. In 1797 she published a of the Spanish drama. volume of poems, followed by a collection Morgan (morgan), DANIEL Revolu- of Irish songs, and two novels, entitled tionary soldier, born in New St. Clair, and the Novice of St. DomiJersey in 1736, and served with distinc- nick. In 1806 appeared her Wild Irish tion in the war of the Revolution. He Girl, a novel which passed through seven was prominent in Arnold's expedition editions in two years. In 1811 she maragainst Quebec, was in command of the ried Sir Charles Morgan, an eminent phyriflemen at the battle of Saratoga in sician. Among her other writings are 1777, and was in command at the battle the novels of O'Donnell, Florence Macarof the Cowpens in 1781, where he signally thy, and the O'Briens and the O'Flaher defeated the British under Tarleton. tys; the Life and Times of Salvator Congress voted him a gold medal for his Rosa; Woman and Her Master; and gallantry. He died in 1802. Passages from My Autobiography. She died in 1859. JOHN HUNT, Confederate a city of St. Mary's Morgan, soldier, born at Huntsville, Morgan City, Parish, Louisiana, ou Alabama, in 1825. He took command of a troop of cavalry in 1861, made several the Atchafalaya Bayou, 80 miles from daring raids through Kentucky, and in New Orleans. It has lumber, sugar, fish 1863 crossed the Ohio with about 4000 and oyster interests. Pop. 5477. men, and made a dashing ride through Indiana and Ohio, destroying bridges, rail- Morganatic Marriage (mor-ga nat'ik), in roads, etc. He was pursued and cap- some European countries, one in which tured, but escaped from prison and con- it is stipulated that the wife (who is tinued his career till killed in a battle at inferior in birth to the husband) and her Greenville, Tennessee, September 4, 1864. children shall not enjoy the privileges of his rank nor inherit his possessions. The common law of Germany permits such marriages only to the high nobility. Morgan, JOHN PIERPONT, financier, was born at Hartford, Conneticut, in 1837. He became connected in 1857 with the banking firm of Duncan, Morgarten (mor-gärtn), a place in Switzerland, Canton Zug. where a small body of Swiss in 1315 totally defeated a large force of the Austrians. Morgantown, a Sherman & Co., and in 1871 was made a partner of the firm of Drexel, Morgan & Co., which afterwards became J. Pierpont Morgan & Co. In this capacity he entered into wide financial operations as city, capital of a railroad and industrial organizer, and in Monongalia Co.. 1901 created the largest business concern West Virginia. It lies on the Monongain existence, the United States Steel hela River, 60 miles s. of Pittsburgh, has Corporation, with a capital of $1.100.000.- large glass works and other industries 000 and working funds of $200,000,000. and is the seat of the West Virginia From that time he continued in broad and University. Pop. 9150. bold operations and became the leading Morghen (morgen), RAPHAEL SAN figure in American finance. He died in Rome, March 31, 1913. ZIO. an Italian engraver, born in 1758. He studied at Rome under Morgan, LEWIS HENRY, archeologist, Volpato, whom he assisted in engraving born at Aurora, New York, the famous pictures by Raphael in the in 1818; died in 1881. He became a Vatican. He settled in Florence in 1793 lawyer at Rochester, and was elected to as professor of engraving in the Academy Morgue Morley of Blackburn of Arts, and died in 1833. His works estuary formed by the junction of two number about 200 in all, many of them streams, which united to form the Dosof large size. Among the chief are sen; with a government tobacco factory, the engraving of Leonardo da Vinci's and a good trade. Pop. 13,875. Last Supper; the Transfiguration, after Morland (morʻland), GEORGE, painter, Raphael; a Magdalen, after Murillo; a born in London in 1763; Head of the Saviour, after da Vinci; the died in 1804. He married a sister of Car of Aurora, after Guido; The Hours, James Ward, the animal painter, and after Poussin; the Prize of Diana, after William Ward, the engraver, and lived a Domenichino; the Monument of Clement very dissipated life, many of his best XIII, after Canova; Theseus Vanquish pictures being painted within the rules of ing the Minotaur; portraits of Dante, a debtor's prison. His work deals with Petrarca, Ariosto, Tasso, etc. rustic and homely life, and the best of it Morgue (morg), LA, in Paris, a place is now highly prized by connoisseurs. He in London in 1822; educated behind Notre Dame, where had extraordinary popularity during his the bodies of unknown persons who have lifetime, and about 250 of his pictures perished by accident, murder, or suicide are said to have been engraved. The are exposed, that they may be recognized Interior of a Stable, now in the National by their friends. From this all such Gallery, is perhaps his masterpiece. places in English-speaking countries are given the name of morgue. Morley (morli), HENRY, author, born Morier (mo'ri-er), JAMES, an English at King's College, of which he was an novelist, born in 1780. He ac- honorary fellow; practiced medicine in companied Lord Elgin as private secre- Shropshire and teaching in Liverpool; tary on his embassy to Constantinople, and went to London as a journalist in made the campaign of Egypt in the suite 1851. From 1857 to 1865 he was English of the grand vizier, was taken prisoner lecturer at King's College: after the latter by the French, and after his release be- year he was professor of English language came from 1810 to 1816 British envoy at and literature at University College, Lonthe court of Persia. He died at Brighton don, and also at Queen's College. In in 1849. In 1812 and in 1818 he pub- 1882 he became principal of University lished accounts of two Journeys Through Hall. His more important works are Persia to Constantinople, but he was connected with the history of English litbest known by his Adventures of Hajji erature, and include First Sketch of EngBaba of Ispahan (1824); Adventures of lish Literature, English Writers, EngHajji Baba in England (1828); Zohrab lish Literature in the Reign of Victoria, the Hostage (1832); Ayesha, the Maid of etc. He edited various series of literary Kars (1834). works, besides writing many biographies, Morinda (mor-in'da), a genus of Asi- two volumes of Fairy Tales, etc. atic trees of the cinchona died in 1894. family, the bark or roots of which yield red and yellow dyes. Moringaceæ (mor-in-ga'se-e), a nat. order of plants, closely akin to Leguminosa and containing only the genus Moringa. See Ben. Morion (mo'ri-un), a helmet of iron, steel, or brass, in general conformation resembling a hat, often having a crest or comb over the top, being without beaver or visor, introduced into Britain either from time of Queen France or Spain about the beginning of the sixteenth century. He Morley of Blackburn, JOHN, first viscount (1838- ), an English author and statesman, born at Blackburn, Lancashire. He graduated from Oxford University, 1859, and was for some time editor of the Literary Gazette. In 1863 he became editor of the Fortnightly Review and editor of Macmillan's in 1883. He was elected Member of Parliament for Newcastle-onTyne, 1883-95; chief secretary for Ireland in 1886 and from 1892 to 1895, supporting Gladstone in his Home Rule scheme; secretary of state for India, 1905-10; lord president of the council, 1910-14. espoused the cause of the Boers in 1898, and was opposed to Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1914, in which year he resigned from the cabinet, retiring to private life during the war. Among his published works are: Life of Edmund Burke (in English Men of Letters series), Morlaix (morla), a seaport of France, Voltaire, Rousseau, Struggle for National department of Finistère, 34 Education, Compromise, Cobden, Studies miles northeast of Brest, on a small in Literature, Oliver Cromwell, Life of Morion of the Elizabeth. Morisco. See Moors. Morisonians. See Evangelical Union. He Mormons Morocco Gladstone, Notes on Politics, and Recol- Mormon Church was the main cause of lections. the persecution of its members, this Mormons (Mor'monz), or more prop- becoming so active that in 1847 Brigham erly speaking the Church Young decided to migrate with his folof Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, lowers to Utah as a haven of rest in the was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, wilderness. Here Salt Lake City was A native of the United States, and founded in 1849, and in the following others then dwelling in New York years an active missionary work added State. The distinguishing characteris- largely to the Church membership. As tics of the sect are, the belief in con- early as 1862 Congress passed the Morrill tinual divine revelation, and a complete Act to punish and prevent the practice of Apostolic organization. The Latter Day polygamy in the territories. This law Saints accept both the Bible and the was not inforced, but later acts of 1887 Book of Mormon as containing divine were, 1200 persons being convicted of revelation. The Book of Mormon is held polygamy and 12,000 disfranchised, the to be a history of America from the first Church being dissolved. Finally, in 1890, settlement of the continent, which accord- the Mormon leaders repudiated the illegal ing to it took place after the destruction system. On January 4, 1893, in reof the Tower of Babel, and up to and sponse to a petition from the officials of including the fourth century of our era, the Church, pledging the membership to at which time lived the prophet Mormon, faithful obedience to the laws against the reputed author of this work. Joseph polygamy, President Harrison issued a Smith, then dwelling at Manchester, New general pardon to all persons liable to York, affirmed in 1823 that an angel had the penalties of the Edmunds-Tucker Act appeared to him and revealed the hiding of 1887, on condition that they had not place of this ancient document, written violated its provisions since November 1, on plates of gold and concealed in a hill 1890. In 1896 Utah was admitted to the in that vicinity. A document produced by Union as a State, a clause prohibiting Smith in 1829 was claimed by him to be plural marriages being included in its a translation of this mysterious work, constitution. Since then their settlements which was published in 1830, and was have spread through several of the Rocky succeeded by a "Book of Doctrine and Mountain States and into Canada and Covenants," a collection of special revela- Mexico, their membership, in the census tions claimed to be made to Smith and his of 1910, being 310,000. associates, and dealing with all points connected with methods of worship and faith. The statement has been made that the Book of Mormon is an adaptation of a sort of historical romance written by one Solomon Spaulding in 1812. This, however, the Mormons emphatically deny, and declare that the discovery of the orig inal Mss. of Spaulding's work, by Professor Fairchild, of Oberlin College, in 1884, corroborates their denial. The migration to Utah did not comprise the whole body of Mormons, a considerable number remaining in the East. These repudiated polygamy, and by 1860 had developed a new organization under Joseph Smith, son of the founder. He was succeeded by his son, Frederick M. Smith, in 1914. The claims of Brigham Young to leadership were repudiated by this body, which claimed to maintain the original organization and faith. It has The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter local societies in most of the States and Day Saints, the Mormon organization, in many foreign countries, and operates was legally founded in Fayette, New a large publishing plant in its interests York, on April 6, 1830. Its early career at Lamoni, Iowa, the headquarters of was one of persecution, the result being this branch of the Mormon Church. Its its removal to Kirtland, Ohio, in 1831; membership in 1910 was 65,000. to Missouri in 1831-1838; to Nauvoo, Ill- Morocco (mo-rok'kō; Arabic name, inois, the City of Beauty, in 1839. It had Moghreb-el-aksa, the Exgrown largely during these migrations. treme West), an empire or sultanate ocIn 1844 Joseph Smith and others were cupying the northwest extremity of Afarrested on a charge of treason, which rica, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the was never proven. On June 27, 1844, a Mediterranean, Algeria, and the desert; mob broke into the jail where they were area, about 300,000 square miles. Pop. Its most confined and shot him and his brother estimated at about 6,500,000. remarkable natural feature is the Great Hyrum. The Church was then scattered, Atlas, one of a series of five ranges and several aspirants for leadership arose, extending from northeast to southincluding Brigham Young, who had joined west. The mean elevation of the Great the Church in 1832. The adoption of Atlas is 11,000 feet. Between the mounpolygamy as one of the tenets of the tains and the sea are tablelands and |