bours. Then the litany was read, and a spirit of true devotion pervaded the whole assembly.

"Our very hearts rejoiced in this place, which had but lately been a den of murderers, dedicated, as it were, by the angekoks, or sorcerers, to the service of the devil, to hear the cheerful voices of converted heathen, most melodiously sounding forth the praises of God, and giving glory to the name of Jesus their Redeemer. Peace and cheerful countenances dwelt in the tents of the believing Esquimaux."

Upon the recent arrival of the missionaries at Kangertluk soak, to open the new station there, they remark, describing the change which has been effected by

the instructions of the mission on the character and appearance of the people.

"Early on the 21st, the report of our guns brought a great number of northlanders, from Saglek and Nachvak, on board the Harmony. They were mostly heathen, and several of them had a somewhat rude and savage aspect. On the whole, I was exceedingly struck with the marked difference existing between the appearance and manners of the converted Esquimaux, and of their heathen countrymen; the sight of the latter affected me greatly. Their habits indicated a state of existence but little superior to that of the brute creation; the children, in particular, seemed to be almost utterly neglected."

The Treasurer of the Trustees of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, acknowledges the receipt of the following sums, for their Theological Seminary at Princeton, N. J., during the month of July last, viz.

Of Dr. John White, Chemist, per the Rev. Dr. Ashbel Green, an old sub

Of Rev. John W. Scott, a quarter's rent, for do.

$100 00

87 50

37 50

Of Rev. Thomas J. Biggs, Executor for the Kennedy Scholarship

Diew of Publick Affairs.

EUROPE.

The latest European dates which have reached this country at the time we write are of the 18th June, from London, and the 20th, from Portsmouth.

BRITAIN. The new parliament assembled on the 14th of June, and was engaged in swearing in the members up to the 18th. The Right Honourable Charles Manners Sutton was re-elected Speaker of the Commons, without opposition. The speech of the king was expected to be delivered on the 21st. There had not yet been any occasion on which the strength of parties could appear; but not a doubt remained that there was an overwhelming majority in favour of the Reform bill submitted to the last Parliament-not, perhaps, without considerable modification, yet in substance the same, the principles on which that Bill was framed being fully retain. ed. In regard to the future proceedings of the new Parliament, we extract the following statement from a Liverpool paper of the 18th of June.-"It is rumoured that the present session of Parliament will be very short, ending in September. The reform question is the only one of importance that will be discussed, the other great subjects of legislative investigation being very properly deferred until the assembling of a new and more popular House of Commons. One or two minor bills, however, will be introduced. The bankrupt laws will be ameliorated, and the stamp duties, it is said, will be revised. In a spirit of gratitude, ministers will unshackle the press,an instrument to which they have been so largely indebted. Next week's debate will indicate the strength and tacticks of the opposition, and therefore will be looked to with anxious curiosity."

There has been a turning out of the journeymen in the iron works in Wales-It has been subdued by military force, but great dissatisfaction still exists, not only there, but among the working men in other places.

The distress which prevails in some parts of Ireland is of the most appalling kind. A statement made under oath declares—“It appears that great distress prevails in 42 parishes, or districts, and that in these there are 148,041 persons, now suffering under the agonies of hunger." Very liberal contributions have been made both in En

gland and Ireland, for the relief of this large starving population. But the supplies are still very inadequate, and the tales of wo contained in the publick papers are shocking, almost beyond endurance. There is, it appears, the promise and expecta tion of the largest potato crop ever known; and the benevolent are endeavouring to encourage and sustain the sufferers, till this crop shall afford some permanent relief -It is said that the rioting and murders, which lately so much abounded, and which appear to have added greatly to the distress, have nearly ceased, and that much lenity is shown by government to the deluded populace-the ringleaders only are hanged or transported.

FRANCE.-Serious umbrage has been taken by the French ministry at a publication made in St. Petersburg, believed to be by the direction, or under the countenance of the court. We have seen the article, and the substance of it is, that the late revolution in France has disturbed the whole of Europe, and produced popular excitements, which the established governments must put down by force; and that this will be done by the Emperor of Russia, so far as he is concerned, as preparatory to the rich blessings which he is disposed to confer on his subjects. It is said that a remonstrance has been presented by the French ministry, to the court of St. Petersburg, on this subject-Possibly it may lead to something on the part of France, in favour of the Poles, beyond good words and pecuniary subscriptions-The liberal party in France, as we intimated in our last report, are greatly dissatisfied with the government, and may possibly urge it into war in self defence. Serious disturbances have lately taken place in Paris, which were, not without difficulty, quieted by the interference of the national guard. It is a bad state of things when peace cannot be maintained without a frequent recourse to, and a constant dread of, the military force; and this is certainly the present state of Paris, and of some other parts of France. Whether the new Chambers, which are to convene in October, will show a majority in favour of the present government, and in opposition to the liberals, remains to be seen. The government appears to be confident of support, but to us it seems extremely doubtful. The country is in a state of agitation, and nothing appears to us to be stable.

Don Pedro, the Ex Emperor of Brazil, with his Empress and suite, arrived at Cherbourg, in the British frigate Volage, on the 13th of June. He had despatched his chamberlain to Brest, where the Queen of Portugal would be landed from the French frigate Seine, to conduct her to Caen, whence the family would proceed to Paris.

Since writing the above, we find the packet DE RHAM has arrived at New York, with Paris and Havre papers of the 20th and 21st of June. No important addition, however, is made to the intelligence previously received-Some more recent information relative to Polish affairs, and some statements of the mobs of Paris, and their dispersion by the national guards, with a copy of a letter or an address of General La Fayette to his constituents, make the amount. The General gives a brief sketch of his life and military career; an exposition of his political opinions-learned, he says, in the United States; relates the part which he took in the revolution of the three great days of July, 1830; gives an account of the interview and conversation which he had, at that time, with the Duke of Orleans, now King Philip; charges the government with a departure from the programme de l'Hotel de Ville; avows his wish that France had stood by herself, and declared herself in favour of Belgium, Poland, and the friends of liberty in Italy-Yet, on the whole, he expresses the hope that a decided majority of the liberal party, at the next meeting of the Chambers, will be able to correct all material errors-He expresses a decided opinion against an hereditary peerage; and declares that "he regards the Constitution of the United States, as the most perfect that has ever existed."

SPAIN-affords us not an item of news for the present month.

PORTUGAL.-There seems to be some reason to hope that the tyrannical and murderous career of Don Miguel, is drawing to a close. In consequence of his refusal to give the like satisfaction to France which he gave to Britain, for the injuries and indignities offered equally to the subjects of those powers, the French have begun to make reprisals on the Portuguese commerce-and five captures of merchantmen have, it appears, been made in or near the very port of Lisbon. In the mean time, one after another of the Azore islands, is either captured by the fleet and forces of his niece Donna Maria, issuing from Terceira, the seat of her government, or else tired of his yoke, voluntarily throws it off, and submits to his female rival-the French ships of war, meanwhile, preventing his sending any reinforcements, or supplies, to the gar risons of his islands. Our hope is, that his infatuated subjects in Portugal will find that they must dethrone their tyrant or lose their commerce, and wisely choose the

first part of the alternative. worth an invasion by land.

The French do not seem to think him and his people

GREECE still presents a gloomy aspect, but we have nothing important to add to our last statement of its situation and prospects.

AUSTRIA and PRUSSIA remain in statu quo-unless it be true, as is suggested in some of the foreign prints, that Austria is alarmed at the idea of Poland becoming a mere Russian province, and thus bringing the territories of the mighty autocrat of the north, into actual and extensive contact with her own dominions-and that influ enced by this consideration, the Emperor of Austria has actually sent an envoy to his brother Emperor of Russia, to negotiate in favour of the Poles. This may be so; and doubtless all the powers of Europe, and none so much as Austria and Prussia, have reason to wish that the overgrown power of Russia may be diminished, rather than increased-but we question the truth of the report. There seems to be better reason to believe that the Hungarians, recollecting how much, in former years, they were indebted to Polish bravery, in repelling the inroads of the Turks, have raised their voice against the attempts to subdue and enslave their ancient and best friends. We do hope that the cause of Poland will yet obtain favour enough among the powers of Europe, to insure their interference in her behalf.

BELGIUM.-The Belgic Congress has refused to conform to the prescriptions of the five great powers, as stated in our last number, and the British and French plenipotentiaries have left Brussels. The last arrival gives, from an official Brussels paper, the letter of the Regent, Baron SURLET DE CHOKIER, to Prince Leopold of Saxe Cobourg, announcing to him his election as king of Belgium. It is a high toned communication. The Regent tells the Prince, that the Belgic Congress rely on his ef forts to obtain from the five great powers a total relinquishment of their requisitions, and adds-"I do not hesitate to say, that if, contrary to all expectation, and in spite of your efforts, these offers are disdainfully rejected, the Belgians will find no secuirity but in the sword. It is reserved for your Royal Highness to allay the storm, and avert from us the evils with which we are threatened, and which will spread all over Europe. Never was a prince placed in a more enviable situation than your Royal Highness. You are made arbiter of peace or war: every thing now depends upon your influence with the conference, to ensure a triumph with the people who have chosen you for their king. You will, I am confident, meet all their expectations, and this I adjure you to do in the name of my country."

We suspect that the Belgians have received assurance of the interposition of France; or else we must regard this letter as a gasconade, intended to terrify the powers by the prospect of a general war. The latest accounts say, that there is no expectation at present that Prince Leopold will accept the crown which is offered him; and in the mean time, that war between Belgium and Holland seems inevitable, or rather that it has actually commenced.

POLAND. It appears that after much manoeuvring, the commander in chief of the Polish army, about the middle of May, commenced offensive operations of the most decisive kind against the Russians, not far from Warsaw. For nearly ten days in succession; the Poles were triumphant in every action, and drove the several Russian corps with whom they came in conflict entirely beyond the frontiers of the kingdom of Polandobliging field marshal Diebitsch to retreat with his main army across the river Bug, and thus enabling the Generalissimo of the Poles to effect his great object in this daring enterprise, which was to detach two corps of his army to the assistance of the insurgents in several ancient Polish provinces-one corps to the north-east, under General Gielgud, and the other to the south-east, under General Chlapowski. On the 26th of May, however, Marshal Diebitsch, having concentrated his forces, to the amount, it is said, of 60,000, came to a general action with the Polish General-in-chief Skzrynski, whose force did not-after the two detachments made from it-exceed 32,000. The battle took place at Ostrolenka, a town on the river Narew, about 40 miles from the junction of that river with the Bug; and probably no battle in modern times has been more desperately fought on both sides. Quarter was seldom asked or given; few prisoners were taken, and it is believed that about 20,000 men lay dead on the bloody field. The Poles state their loss at 4000, but it must have been considerably greater, and yet we believe not nearly as great as that of the Russians. The Poles remained in possession of the field of battle-in fact it was what is usually called a drawn battle-but on the next day they commenced a retreat. The retreat was conducted in perfect order, and the Russians did not attempt to pursue, nor for several days to advance. We have seen the official despatches, or reports of both commanders, giving an account of this sanguinary battle, and its result. The Russian commander claims a decided victory; and the Polish general claims to have completely effected his purposes-which were to detach the corps we have mentioned, and by fighting the main Russian army, to inca

pacitate it for hindering the march of those corps, or for reinforcing the Russian detachments with which they would have to contend; and he affirms that he has perfectly accomplished both these objects. It appears indeed, that on the very day of the general battle of Ostrolenka, another, on a smaller scale, was fought by General Chlapowski, near Narewka, which terminated in the complete success of the Poles. And a still later communication states, that a battle as sanguinary and obstinate as that of Ostrolenka has been fought with the Russian general, Sacken, at Mariampol, between 220 and 260 miles from Warsaw, and on the direct road to Petersburg. Here the Russians were completely defeated and dispersed. In short, it appears that the corps detached by General Skzrynski have hitherto been completely successful, and that the inhabitants of the ancient Polish provinces are rising in mass to join their brethren in arms, for the emancipation of their common country from the Russian tyranny and oppression. The main Polish army, in the mean time, has fallen back on Praga; and the latest accounts state, that all its losses in the battle of Ostrolenka have been more than made up, by the recruits which have joined it. The commander in chief has received the thanks of his government, and the Poles are said to be in high spirits. The Russians have again been divided into three separate corps, and are making demonstrations which threaten Praga and Warsaw. The Polish diet has been reduced in number, and a kind of Regent, or Dictator, has been chosen; but this has been done with the perfect concurrence and approbation of the commander in chief of the army. On the whole, we regard the prospects of final success to the Polish cause, as more flattering than they have ever been before, both in regard to the actual posture of affairs among themselves, and the hope of countenance and succour from abroad.

RUSSIA. There is every appearance that the Emperor of Russia is determined, in opposition to all intervention of mediating powers, and the reverses which his armies and his favourite general have experienced, vigorously to prosecute the war against Poland. It is said that his calculation is, that the extinction of the Polish rebellion will cost him the lives of 200,000 soldiers, and that he is prepared to make the sacrifice. Such is the humanity of ambitious princes! It is well known, that while General Diebitsch was gaining his brilliant victories over the Turks in Europe, General Paskiewitz was not less successful in Asia; and that at the conclusion of the war each received the highest honours that the Emperor could confer. The last arrival brings information from France, which seems to be authentick, but to which we do not yield full credence as yet, that the Emperor Nicholas has recalled Diebitsch from the chief command against the Poles, and given that command to General Paskiewitz. If this be so, it speaks volumes-It marks the apprehensions of the Emperor, and will assuredly occasion serious dissatisfaction among the Russian generals and grandees-but we have no room for conjecture and speculation.

TURKEY.-It appears that the troops of the Sultan Mahmoud have gained several advantages against the rebellious Pachas, who have been for some time in arms against him; but it also appears that the rebellious spirit is not subdued, but rather extending and threatening to become almost general. But it is not easy to obtain a true view of Turkish affairs, till they are developed by the lapse of time, and the disclosure of facts which are often concealed from the publick at the time of their occurrence.

We have occupied so much space in detailing the interesting affairs of Europe, that we have left none for Asia and Africa, and but little for concerns nearer home. It appears that there has been a change in the political state of Colombia, which the friends of that republick hope is truly auspicious. Mosquera, the banished president, and General Santander, have been recalled; and it is expected that the Congress about to convene at Bogota, will be able to settle the concerns of the republick, so as to preserve peace and promote the prosperity of the country. This is a consummation devoutly to be wished, and in which we, with many others, will, when we see it, most unfeignedly rejoice.

It has been with great pleasure that we have seen, in the month past, that our controversy with the Indians, in the State of Illinois, has been terminated without bloodshed. As far as we understand the subject of litigation, we believe the Indians, in this instance, were entirely in the wrong. They insisted on remaining on lands which they had, several years since, fairly sold. They appear to have endeavoured to form a pretty extensive combination, of a hostile kind, against the white inhabitants. But the appearance of a large military force under the command of General Gaines, and the Governor of Illinois, put them in fear, and they have quietly removed to their own territory, on the Western side of the Mississippi, and it is hoped that peace will be preserved, and the safety of our frontier inhabitants be ensured.

Our minister at the court of London, the Hon. Mr. M'Lane, has returned to the United States-having, it appears, given great satisfaction to the court to which he was accredited, as well as to the citizens and government of his own country.

THE

MISSIONARY REPORTER.

EDITED BY J. T. RUSSELL, CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

AUGUST 1, 1831.

BOARD OF MISSIONS.

It is probably known to most of our readers, that a resolution was adopted by the last General Assembly, recommending to the Synods and Presbyteries of the West, a friendly correspondence among themselves, in reference to future Missionary operations in that particular section of the Church. By most of the friends of this Board, who were members of the Assembly, such a resolution was deemed entirely unnecessary; and fears were expressed, that it might be made the occasion of far more serious divisions and contentions among the Western Churches, on the best mode of conducting Domestic Missions, than those which had already been complained of. No decided opposition, however, was made to the resolution, after it was so amended as to require the results of the proposed correspondence to be laid before the next Assembly, and it was adopted with almost entire unanimity. The President and Secretary of this Board both voted for this resolution, and distinctly assigned their reasons for so doing. One of those reasons was, that they confidently hoped and believed a full correspondence and free discussion of this subject in the West would result, not in the establishment of another independent institution, nor in a union of this Board with the A. H. M. Society, but in a distinct and decided expression of the preference of each of the Judicatories, for one or the other of the General Boards already established and in successful operation. We have recently learned, with deep regret, that it is now currently reported in some parts of the country, that the Board of Missions have changed their views respecting the proper method of conducting Missions in the West, and are willing that a "United Agency," or something equivalent should be established in the Valley of the Mississippi. We feel ourselves not only authorized, but sacredly bound to state, for the information of our distant friends, that this report has not the slightest foundation in truth. Many events of recent occurrence, have served to confirm and establish the opinions which have heretofore been entertained and expressed by the Board, in reference to this whole subject. With a view of presenting to all our readers, and through them to the churches generally, the senti ments entertained by this Board, and the reasons by which they are influenced, we take the liberty of republishing in this place, the following resolutions, adopted by the Board, Sept. 14, 1830, together with an official letter of the same date, addressed to a Committee of the Presbytery of Cincinnati.

"A communication from the Cincinnati Presbytery, signed by a committee of several clergymen, was read, suggesting the propriety of establishing a united agency in the West, through which the Board of Missions, and the A. H. M. Society, might unitedly conduct their missionary operations. After a full conversation on this subject it was

"Resolved, That while this Board have the highest confidence in the integrity and purity of motives of the Committee of the Cincinnati Presbytery, in the suggestions which they have submitted in respect to a united agency in the West for conducting missionary operations; and while they sincerely regret that any difficulties and collisions should have arisen in the prosecution of this great and impor tant work, they are nevertheless constrained, by a sense of duty to many of the churches and Presbyteries in the West, which are already auxiliary to this Board, on the plan which has been approved by the General Assembly; as well as by their own earnest desire to pursue such a course as they deem best adapted Chr. Adv.-VOL. IX, 31