shire shows but a moderate gain. Both Plymouth and Franklin lost population during the five years of war, but are now recovering. On the other hand, Suffolk, Worcester, Middlesex, Hampden and Essex have greatly prospered, and Berkshire, an agricultural county with a good many factories, has also made a marked advance. Looking at the population of the towns it appears that every town in Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket Counties, except Provincetown, has lost population, and many of them very largely. In Berkshire the principal gains have been in Adams, Pittsfield, West Stockbridge, Williamstown and Lenox. In Bristol County the gain has been almost entirely in Fall River and Taunton, the former city having increased from 17,481 in 1865 to 26,766 in 1870. In Essex County the most marked increase may be found in Lawrence, Lynn, Gloucester, Haverhill, Salem and Amesbury. Many towns in this county are nearly stationary, and a few have slightly declined. In Hampden County the purely agricultural towns, like those of Franklin and Hampshire Counties, show a small but pretty steady decline, while the factory towns of Chicopee and Holyoke have increased greatly. Holyoke has nearly doubled its population in the past five years. In Hampshire the towns of Northampton, Ware, Easthampton and Amherst have notably increased. In Middlesex County the greatest gains have been in Cambridge, Lowell, Newton, Somerville and Waltham, but many smaller manufacturing towns have prospered, and only eight small farming towns have failed to hold their own. Norfolk County has gained in the towns occupied largely by persons engaged in business in Boston. In Plymouth County North Bridgewater is the only town which shows a marked increase. Suffolk County has absorbed Roxbury and Dorchester, but has also gained in Boston proper, and in Chelsea. Worcester County shows a small but pretty uniform decline in the population of its farming towns, but an equally steady and frequently large gain in its smaller factory towns, and a large gain in Worcester and Fitchburg. Age and Sex of the Population of Massachusetts.-The infor. mation concerning these two interesting points is taken from manuscript reports received from the Census Bureau at Washington to which have been added such portions of the census of the State during the past forty years as would make the whole subject more intelligible. POPULATION of Massachusetts arranged by Age and Sex.-U. S. Census, 1870. YEARS. Under 5 5 to 10 10 to 15 15 to 20 20 to 30 POPULATION of Massachusetts.-Ages. Ages of Population, 1830-1870.-The following table, covering a period of 40 years, shows the Ages of the Population, according to the Censuses of 1830, 1840, 1850, 1855, 1860, 1865 and 1870, together with the Percentage of the Number at each Age to the total Population : Ages of Population at Seven Censuses, 1830-1870, and Percentage of the same. 30 to 40 40 to 50 Population at (1830, 1840, 80,177 70,525 68,005 67,240 119,116 73,596 50,367 33,464 23,308 12,748 4,288 520 each Census. 92,625 80,411 74,803 77,429 150,535 101,607 1850, 112,997 101,845 97,163 104,912 209,162 142,542 95,308 1855, 132,944 115,862 110.098 117,047 235 678 165,046 111,500 1860, 151,289 128,526 114,348 120,800 244, 19 183,705 125,470 1865, 133,943 143,391 126,691 117,171 225,596 185,543 142,831 1870, 156,889 139,796 148,371 142,184 274,859 214,151 162,689 108,348 63,270 41,954 26,077 14,860 4,869 570 19 610,408 737,700 59,633 36,550 17,787 5,755 590 13 1,193 994,514 71,829 42,423 20.810 6,138 634 19 2,341 1,132,369 81,453 49,873 23,536 6,815 715 16 1 1,231,066 96,446 59,216 26,675 7,563 728 25 1,302 1,267,031 68,401 31,895 8,891 790 46 41 1,457,351 50 to 60 60 to 70 70 to 80 80 to 90 90 to 100| Over 100 Age unk. Aggregate. NUMBER OF PERSONS in Massachusetts over 80 years of age.-Census, U. S., 1870. Native, .{White Males, 607 426 415 328 323 227 205 141 110 84 Females, 943 646 626 608 523 396 292 270 215 * Of these, only three males and one female are Indian. The oldest a male of 99. 34 30 27 36 169 143 68 77 47 10 5 16 6 12 34 25 Total for State. 80 or over 80 years. AGED PERSONS living in Massachusetts in 1870. Showing the number who have reached or passed the age of eighty in each county, distinguished as of American or Foreign birth, and the percentage of such persons to the whole number of persons in each county.. In looking at the preceding tables it is plainly seen that Massachusetts is prospering. We have gained more than 15 per cent. in five years. If this rate of growth is continued we shall have, before the year 1900, more than three millions of people in our territory, and Massachusetts will then be a more densely populated country than England now is. Evidently this is far beyond the natural increase of any settled community, and is due to the excess of immigration over emigration, fostered by our manufactures all over the State, and by the commercial activity of the city of Bos |