Decisions.-Jan. 26, 1894, the State Board of Health made a rule which, in June, 1894, was modified to read as follows: "SECTION 1.-No child shall be allowed to be enrolled as a pupil in any public, private, or parochial school without first presenting to the principal or teacher of the school in which he applies for enrollment or attendance the certificate of a reputable physician that he has been successfully vaccinated, or, in lieu of such certificate of successful vaccination, a certificate from a reputable physician that such child has been vaccinated at least twice within a period of three months next preceding the date of such application; such latter certificate, however, shall be void after the expiration of one year from its date." The Board of Education of Beloit made an order for the enforcement of this rule in the public schools of that city. E. J. Adams, a resident of Beloit, father of three school children, refused to allow his children to be vaccinated on account of his belief, as a Christian Scientist, that the laws of God do not permit the operation or treatment of vaccination. The children, thereupon, were expelled from the schools in which they had been enrolled. Mr. Adams, in the circuit court, secured a writ of peremptory mandamus for the reinstatement of his children. The Board of Education took an appeal to the Supreme Court, and on Feb. 23, 1897, the judgment of the lower court was affirmed. The Supreme Court held that "in the absence of a statute making vaccination compulsory or a condition precedent to the right of children of proper qualifications to attend the public schools, a rule by the State Board of Health, which was authorized to take general supervision over the public health, and to make regulations to preserve it and to guard against contagious diseases, that no child should be allowed to attend a public or private school within the State without presenting a certificate of vaccination, can not be sustained as an exercise of police power. Also, that the State Board of Health is merely an administrative body, and can not be clothed with legislative pow ers," Isaac T. Bryan, a colored man, entered an eating house in the city of Milwaukee, seated himself at a table, and waited forty minutes for some one to take his order. He was informed that his order was not taken because he was colored. He complained to the proprietors, who requested one of their waiters to serve the colored man. The waiter refused, whereupon the colored man left the restaurant. He afterward sued in the Superior Court for damages. Losing his suit, he appealed to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the lower court. The court held that the statute prohibits persons from doing what the State is forbidden to do by the Constitution of the United States, and makes the offender liable in damages to the person aggrieved. Libraries.-The Wisconsin Library Association, organized in 1891, has held annual conferences since that date, except in 1892. The Legislature of 1895 passed a law providing for the establishment of the Wisconsin Free Library Commission, and the Legislature of 1897 strengthened the commission by increasing the annual appropriation for its support from $500 to $4,000, and in other ways. The duty of the commission is to "give advice to all free libraries in the State, and to all communities which may propose to establish them, as to the best means of establishing and administering such libraries, the selection of books, cataloguing, and other details of library management. The commission may also send its members to aid in organizing new libraries or in improving those already established." The commission consists of five members. The law for the establishment of free libraries, as amended in 1897, provides that: "The Common Council of every city not exceeding in population 50,000 inhabitants, and the village board, or board of trustees, of every village, and the town board of every town containing over 1,000 inhabitants, shall have power to establish and equip a public library and reading room; and may annually levy a tax upon the property of such city, village, or town, to provide a library fund. The number of free libraries is now 49, and the number is increasing rapidly. It is made the duty of the State superintendent to prepare lists of books suitable for school district libraries, and the town clerk in purchasing books must select from this list. Nearly 900 township libraries have been established. They are not for the exclusive use of school children; the law makes them free to all residents of the district. WYOMING, a Northwestern State, admitted to the Union July 10, 1890; area, 97,890 square miles. Population in 1890, 60,705. Capital, Cheyenne. Government.-The following were the State officers during the year: Governor, W. A. Richards; Secretary of State, Charles W. Burdick; Treasurer, Henry G. Hay; Auditor, William O. Owen; Adjutant General, Frank A. Stitzer; Attorney-General, B. F. Fowler; Superintendent of Education, Estelle Reel-all Republicans. Supreme Court-Chief Justice, A. B. Conaway, Republican; Associate Justices, Samuel T. Corn, Democrat, and C. N. Potter, Republican; Clerk, R. H. Repath. Finances.-The balance of cash on hand in the treasury Sept. 30, 1896, was $102,304.86; cash received from all sources during the year ending Sept. 30, 1897, $256,729.96; total, $359,034.82. The disbursements during the year ending Sept. 30, 1897, amounted to $245,227.59; cash charged to the Treasurer, $113,807.82. The bonded indebtedness of the State was given as follows: Capitol building, $150,000, 6 per cent., one tenth in the year 1901 and one tenth each year thereafter, interest payable Jan. 1; university, $50,000, 6 per cent., payable in the same way; Insane Asylum, $30,000, 6 per cent., one tenth in 1912 and one tenth each year thereafter, interest payable Jan. 1; public buildings, $90,000, 6 per cent., one tenth in 1918 and one tenth each year thereafter, interest payable July 1; total, $320,000. At the end of the fiscal year the counties were charged with delinquent taxes to the amount of $27,958.58. The valuation for State revenue as made to the several counties by the Board of Equalization was as follows: Albany, $3,673,660.04; Big Horn, $1,051,442.91; Carbon $3,411,775.63; Crook, $1,568,184.46; Converse, $1,523,800.50; Frémont, $1,219,278; Johnson, $1,163,745.05; Laramie, $5,433,052.37; Natrona, $1,062,078.58; Sheridan, $1,924,433.41; Sweetwater, $3,590,106.01; Uinta, $3,504,701.60; Weston, $1,174,203.75; total valuation, $30,300,462.31. The total tax levy was $181,802.77. The sum of $24,000 was appropriated for distribution among the counties for the payment of bounties on predatory wild animals. Banks. The deposits of national, State, and private banks at the close of the fiscal year amounted to $3,643,328, or a per capita of about $50. The average reserve of the banks was: National, 42-83 per cent.; State, 59-80 per cent.; private, 40-50 per cent. The aggregate deposits increased approximately $900,000 during the year, while the loans and discounts remained practically the same as in the previous year. Insurance, etc.-There were 42 fire insurance companies doing business in the State. Insurance written, $6,799,072.45; premiums received, $121,616.96; losses paid, $23,579.11. Thirteen life insurance companies paid during 1896 claims to the amount of $14,655, and collected premiums to the sum of $125,507. Six assessment life insurance companies paid claims to the amount of $11,072. Six building and loan associations had 8,096 shares in force. Valuations.-The report of the State Board of Equalization contained this statement: "The increase in the assessed valuation of property in this State is an indication of an actual increase in the value of property in general, and especially is this true in regard to range cattle. The average price of Wyoming range steers in the Chicago market has increased from $31.01 in 1893 to $38.35 in 1897; cows increased from $16.80 in 1893 to $27.04 in 1897; calves from $5.31 in 1893 to $11 in 1897. These figures are for common range cattle, and do not include sales of high-grade stock. The assessed value of live stock has been increased during this time in proportion to the increase of other property assessed by this board." The year 1897 was noted as "one of the brightest and most productive years for Wyoming cattle men since the balmy days of 1880." Education.-The number of children of school age in the State was reported at 11,387; the average number of days' schooling, 1068. Illiteracy, compared with the population, was reported decreased. Land Grants.-The report of the State board calls attention to the fact that on Sept. 30, 1894, there were in effect 453 leases, which number has since been increased to 570. This does not simply imply the issuing of 117 additional leases, but also the reissuing of the greater part of those in force in 1894. Over 200 of this number expired in 1896, which, with few exceptions, were renewed at the same valuation. In calling attention to the high price fixed upon State land, the report says: "Under the acts of the General Government granting lands to the State, and also by a provision of the State Constitution, no lands owned by the State can be sold under $10 an acre. This is an effectual barrier to the sale of lands, which probably can not be removed for many years, if at all. Even if the limit of price was reduced to $5, or even to $1.25, it is doubtful if sale could be found for State lands, for it must be remembered that the General Government at the present time owns over 50,000,000 acres of public lands in this State subject to entry under its various land acts, and with this amount of land at its disposal the General Government will be a competitor of the State in disposing of lands for many years." Coal. The output of coal in 1897 was 2,663,133 tons. The capacity of the coal mines under the supervision of the State Mine Inspector is 18,650 tons per day, indicating an output, if needed, of 5,595,000 per year. Legislative Session.-Among the acts passed by the General Assembly are the following: Providing for the rebuilding of the Wyoming General Hospital, and making available $15,000. For the organization of a State militia. To encourage the beet-sugar industry. To increase the State library. For the protection of game and fish. To rebuild the Rock Springs Hospital. To encourage the destruction of predatory wild animals. INDEX TO THE TWO VOLUMES OF THE THIRD SERIES. 1896-1897. Abbey, Henry E., obit., i, 542. Abyssinia, i, 1; ii, 1. Abyssinian priests dancing, illustra- Acheen, war in, i, 509. Adams, Alva, port., ii, 141. Aerolite, great Spanish, i, 51. Agrarian agitation, ii, 69. Aitchison, Sir Charles, obit., i, 596. Alaska, census statistics, i, 790; map, Alger, Russell A., sketch and port., Algeria, i, 296; ruins of Kalaa, ii, 24. Artemis, Agrotera, temple of, ii, 21. Astronomical progress in 1896, i, 46; Astrophysical standards, i, 51. Baalbec, ii, 22. Babcock, James F., obit., ii, 578. Allen, Frederick De Forest, obit., ii, Bacon, John Edmund, obit., ii, 578. 577. Allen, Harrison, obit., ii, 577. Alley, John B., obit., i, 543. 681. Allison, Joseph, i, 543. Altar in Copan, illustration, i, 17. Anglican Churches, i, 11; ii, 11. 138. An Ifugao Indian, Philippine Islands, Antarctic regions, i, 306; ii, 337. Arbitration treaty with Great Britain, Arbor Day, i, 814. Archæology, i, 16; American, ii, 20. Armenia, i, 210, 735; outrages, 690; Armitage, Thomas, obit., i, 543. Bacon, William A., obit., i, 544. Bateman, Newton, obit., ii, 578. 597. Beach, A. E., obit., i, 545. 110. Beecher, Eunice White, obit., ii, 579. Berardi, Léon, obit., ii, 631. Berlin Industrial Exhibition, i, 320. Biddle, Arthur, obit., ii, 579. Birdseye, L., obit., i, 546. Bliss, George, obit., i, 546. Bliss, George, obit., ii, 580. Block, Washee, obit., i, 546. Blondin, Jean F. G., obit., ii, 631. Bloxham, William D., port., ii, 323. Bluejacket, Charles, obit., ii, 580 Bogan, Bernard, obit., i, 546. Bohemia, race war in, ii, 72. Bond, Elias, obit., i., 546. Bonds, bill authorizing, i, 189; in- Book Plates, ii, 86. Boris, conversion of Prince, i, 87. Boundary questions-in Chili, i, 25; Brethren or Tunkers, i, 74. Brewer, Ebenezer C., obit., ii, 633. British gunboat going through Jurash Bryn Mawr College, i, 828. Buckley, Sir Patrick A., obit., i, 599. Bunner, H. C., obit., i, 548. Cabell, E. C., obit., i, 549. Cable project, Pacific, i, 58. Calculating machines, ii, 96; illus- Calderwood, Henry, obit., ii, 633. Callahan, M., obit., i, 549. Cambridge, Mass., i, 456. Cameron, Angus, obit., ii, 581. Campbell, L. J., obit., i, 549. Camphausen, Otto von, obit., i, 599. Canudos, fanatics of, ii, 91. Cape Colony and South Africa, i, Capital and labor, ii, 502. Car, double-decked, illustration, ii, Carleton, Charles A., obit., ii, 581. Carpenter, William, obit., i, 549. Carter, Susan N., obit., i, 549. Cascade locks in Oregon, i, 625. Case, William L., obit., ii, 634. Casey, Thomas L., obit. and port., Caswell, Oliver, obit., i, 550. Coffin, C. C., obit., i, 551. Colgate, Samuel, obit., ii, 583. Colston, Raleigh E., obit., i, 552. Commission of the Danube, i, 696. Congo, Independent State of the, i, Congregationalists, i, 141; ii, 149. 795. Connecticut, i, 222; ii, 238. "Constitution," anniversary, ii, 502. Cope, Edward D., port., i, 30; obit., Cavalcaselle, Giovanni B., obit., ii, Copper, i, 462; ii, 510. 634. Census, United States, i, 775. Cernuschi, Henri, obit., i, 599. Chambers, T. W., obit., i, 550. Cheever, Henry T., obit., ii, 581. Childers, H. C. E., obit., i, 600. China, i, 127; ii, 133. Christian Endeavor, societies of, i, Church defense and Church reform, Circulation, i, 647. Cities, growth of, in Minnesota, i, Civil code, the German, i, 319. Claflin, M. B., obit., i, 551. Clark, Alvan Graham, obit., ii, 582. 830. Cliff dwellers, architecture of, i, 19. Copyright, ii, 179; decision on, 654. i, 790. Crisp, Charles F., obit., i, 554. Crouch, F. W. N., obit., i, 554. Danube, European Commission of Daudet, Alphonse, sketch and port, Davis, Daniel F., obit., ii, 586. Dean, George W., obit., ii, 586. De Fontaine, Felix, obit., i, 554. 586. Deus, João de, obit.. i, 600. Disasters in 1896, i, 243; in 1897, ii, Disciples of Christ, i, 247; ii, 284. Dixon, Maria E., obit., ii, 587. Druses, campaign against, i, 738. Earle, Joseph H., obit., ii, 590. Eddy, D. C., obit., i, 556. Egypt, i, 255; ii, 23, 290; antislavery Election results (presidential), i, 770. Elias, Ney, obit., ii, 635. Equatorial Provinces, the, ii, 3. Evangelical Association, i, 262; ii, 296. Evangelical Free Churches, Congress Evans, John, obit., ii, 590. Evans, John, port., ii. 39. Evans, Thomas W., obit., ii, 590. Events of 1896, i, 263; of 1897, ii, 296. Factory inspection in Connecticut, i, 557. Falke, Jakob, obit., ii, 635. Famine and plague, i, 354; ii, 139. Farnsworth, John F., obit., ii, 591. 316. Fink, Albert, obit. and port., ii, 591. Fisk Free and Public Library, ii, 489. Flood, the, in Louisiana, ii, 489. Flood, the Mississippi, ii, 532. Floquet, Charles T., obit., i, 600. Flying machine, illustrations, Her- ring's, ii, 7; Maxim's, 4; Stent- Ford, A. E., obit., i, 559. Forestry, ii, 530, 539, 560. Forests in Minnesota, i, 489. Formosa, ii, 429. Fort Makalle, Abyssinia, illustration, "Forward," the, illustration, ii, 711. Fournier, Alix, obit., ii, 635. Fournier, Telesphore, obit., i, 601. Fourtou, M. de, obit., ii, 635. Fowler, E. B., obit., i, 559. France, i, 290; ii, 326; constitutional Francis, David R., sketch and port., i, 774. Francis, John M., obit., ii, 592. INDEX. Frazee, L. F., obit., i, 560. Free Churches, Federation of, ii, 308. 831 Greusel, N., obit., i, 565. Guarino, Giuseppe, obit., ii, 637. Guiana, British, ii, 820; French, 821; Gutmann, Edward, obit., i, 565. Hagar, D. B., obit., i, 565. Gage, Lyman J., sketch and port., ii, Hagio Rumeli, gorge of, i, 741. Hale, George Silsbee, obit., ii, 594. Hall, 1. H., obit., i, 566. Hall, J. W. D., obit., i, 566. Halliday, Samuel B., obit., ii, 595. Gary, James A., sketch and port., ii, Hamilton, C. W., obit., i, 566. Gas-motor cars, ii, 747. Geographical Progress and Discov- Gerrymander of Eighteenth Ohio 561. Gifts and Bequests, i, 321; ii, 353. Gold, discovered, in Kentucky, ii, 437. Gray, J. B., obit., i, 565. Harbor improvements, i, 813. Harrar expedition, proposed, i, 5. 595. Harris, J. N., obit., i, 566. Haygood, A. G., obit., i, 567. Heaton, J. A., obit., ii, 638. 21. High license in Michigan, i, 484. Hirsch de Gereuth, Baron Maurice de, Gustaf Adolf, obit., i, 604. Great Britain and Ireland, i, 326; ii, Holman, William S., obit., ii, 597. 360. Greater New York, i, 526, Greece, i, 337; ii, 21, 373; war with Green, E. T., obit., i, 565. Holmes, George F., obit., ii, 597. Honduras, 344 ii, 392; political Hopkins, Perry, obit., ii, 597. Hosmer, Margaret, obit., ii, 597. |