Adair County, Ky., was the scene of severe skirmish ing December 29, 1861.

Adairsville, Ga., was occupied by General Howard's corps, after defeating the rebels, May 18, 1864.

Ādams, Charles Francis, United States Minister to London, received a congratulatory visit from the Emancipation Society of England January 16, 1863.

Adams. (See South Carolina Commissioners.) Adamstown, Md. (See Second Invasion of Maryland.) Adele, an Anglo-Confederate steamer, was captured July 6, 1862.

Admiral, an Anglo-Confederate ship, was captured off the coast of Georgia December 13, 1861.

Aiken, Rev. C. W., was betrayed to the rebels in South Carolina December 27, 1860.

Alabama. Senator C. C. Clay, Jr., resigned his seat in the United States Senate December 10, 1860, and he, with his colleague, Benjamin Fitzpatrick, formally withdrew from that body January 21 following. Delegates to a State Convention were elected (result, in the State, over 60,000 for secession) December 24, 1860. They assembled at Montgomery January 7, 1861; four days later passed a secession ordinance, (61 v. 39,) and adjourned. They reassembled at the same place March 4, and on the 13th ratified the so-called Confederate Constitution, (85 v. 5.) December 24, 1860, the Governor issued his call for an extra session of the State Legisla ture, convening them January 14, to provide laws t carry into effect the action of the State Convention. Arms for the Alabama authorities were seized in New York city January 22, 1861. Jeff Davis made a requisition, April 9, upon Governor Moore for 3,000 troops. and on the 16th of the same month President Lincoln declared the State in insurrection.

Alabama, the Anglo-Confederate cruiser, alias "290," was built in England, and sailed from Liverpool July 29, 1862, for the Azores, where she received her armament. Captain Ralph Semmes assumed command August 24. This pirate captured and destroyed about eighty vessels belonging to merchants of the United States, including the gun-boat Hatteras, off the coast of Texas, January 11, 1863. Captain Semmes, his officers, and

crew, had a public reception and welcome from the Government and city officials at Kingston, Jamaica, January 25, 1863. Arriving at Cherbourg, June 14, 1864, from a cruise in the Indian Ocean, she was, in accordance with the French law of neutrality, warned to leave that port, which she did on the morning of the 19th, first sending a challenge to the United States war steamer Kearsage, Captain Winslow. The battle commenced as soon as the vessels had reached a point beyond the French jurisdiction, (three leagues from shore,) and after a short engagement the pirate was sunk. Captain Semmes, most of his officers, and part of his crew-forty in all-made their escape upon the British yacht Deerhound, which landed them in England, where they were received with much enthusiasm.

Alabama, a United States war steamer, sailed in search of the Anglo-Confederate pirate Florida, February 20, 1863.

Albemarle, a rebel ram, was destroyed by Lieutenant W. B. Cushing with a torpedo-boat, on Roanoke River, October 28, 1864.

Albert, a United States gun-boat, was accidentally burned at Norforlk, Va., May 31, 1863.

Aldie, Va., the rebels at, capture a squad of fifty Union cavalry March 1, 1863, and the next day the Union boys captured thirty of Moseby's guerrillas near the same place. Cavalry skirmishing again commenced June 17, 1863, and continued at intervals until the 21st, when the rebels were routed.

Alert was captured by the Alabama September 9, 1862. Alexandria, Va., was declared open as a port of entry September 24, 1863. (See Ellsworth.)

Alexandria, La., was captured by Admiral Porter May 8, 1863, and a few days later the place was occupied by General Banks's army. The city was again occupied March 16, 1864, by General A. J. Smith, Admiral Porter holding the river.

Alice, a schooner, was captured by the Alabama November 2, 1862.

Allatoona, Ga., Sherman flanked Johnston at, May 24, 1864. Hood moved upon this place October 5, 1864, and continued the attack unsuccessfully next day.

Allatoona Mountains, Ga., were occupied by Johnston's rebel army, and the position fortified, May 22, 1864. Sherman "flanked him" next day, when Johnston again retreated.

Allatoona Pass, Ga., was occupied by Stoneman and Garrard's cavalry June 2, 1864.

Alleghany Arsenal.-Great excitement was caused in Pittsburg December 24, 1860, upon the reception of an order to send a quantity of arms South, and the citizens en masse declared the thing should not be done. The order was revoked January 3, 1861.

Alleghany Camp, near Staunton, Va.-A battle was fought at this place December 13, 1861, between General Milroy's Union force of 750 men, and General Johnston's rebels, numbering 2,000. The battle opened at daylight, the Union troops retiring about 3 P. M. Loss: Union, 30; rebel, 100.

Altoona, Penn.-The Governors of the loyal States met at Altoona September 24, 1862, and adopted an address to the President, indorsing all the acts of the Government.

Amendment to the Constitution. (See page .)

Ames, Bishop Edward, and Hon. Hamilton Fish were, on January 27, 1862, appointed commissioners to visit Richmond and other places in the South, to relieve the suffering and promote the comfort of the Federal prisoners in rebel hands. They returned February 14, having been refused admission within the Confederate lines, but having effected an arrangement for the exchange of prisoners.

Amite River, La.-Rebels dispersed at this place March 9, 1863.

Amnesty Proclamations.-During the rebellion three of these proclamations have been issued, as follows: The first and second by President Lincoln, December 8, 1863, and March 26, 1864, respectively, and the third by President Johnson, May 29, 1865. For these important documents in full, see pages 270 and 271.

Anderson, Major Robert, assumed command of Fort Moultrie November 18, 1860. Acting upon his views of the situation and the pending struggle, he spiked the guns, destroyed the carriages, and abandoning that point,

December 26, with his small force, established himself in Fort Sumter. This movement caused a great excitement in Charleston and other Southern cities, and was sustained by Congress January 7, 1861. By order of General Beauregard, April 7, communication between the fort and city was prohibited, and on the 11th he sent in a summons to surrender. Major Anderson replied that his " sense of honor and his obligations to his Government would prevent his doing so. The demand was repeated and again refused at midnight. The bombardment commenced at 4:30 o'clock next morning by a fire from Fort Moultrie, followed by all the batteries, which nearly surrounded Sumter. Sumter replied at 7 o'clock, and a vigorous fire was kept up by both parties until 6 P. M. The Confederates fired at intervals during the night, and opened again in force at daylight of the 13th. The fort held fire until 7 A. M. During the morning the barracks of the fort took fire several times from the effects of shells. When the flames burst forth the Confederates redoubled their energies, and with such effect that at five minutes of 1 the garrison capitulated. The Federal loss was one man killed; he by the explosion of the last gun of the salute. It was rumored that the Confederate loss was comparatively heavy. The garrison were allowed the honors of war. Saluting their flag, and taking it and private and company property with them, they sailed, on the 14th, for New York, where they arrived on the 18th, and four days later received the thanks of the Government for their patriotism and bravery. Major Anderson was subsequently commissioned as Major-General, and, September 21, assigned to the command of the troops in. Kentucky, which position he assumed October 5, and relinquished, on account of ill health, on the 8th.

Anderson's Cross Roads, Ky., was the scene of a brisk engagement and a rebel defeat, October 2, 1863. Andersonville, Ga. (See Prisoners.)

Annandale, Va., was the scene of a spirited skirmish December 13, 1861. A battle was fought near this place February 14, 1863, in which the Unionists were defeated, with a loss of 17 killed and missing, and 21 wounded. The rebels captured the sutler's stores at

this point June 28, 1863. A squad of Union cavalry was captured at Annandale, August 24, 1863, and Mosby's force was repulsed, with considerable loss, at the same place, just one year later.

Antietam, the battle of, was commenced September 16, 1862. General Hooker crossed the Antietam, near Sharpsburg, Md., to feel the rebel left and gain a position ready to attack in the morning. Considerable skirmishing ensued, which lasted till dark. The army slept on their arms. The next morning, about 5 o'clock, the real battle commenced, by Hooker's corps advancing against the rebel left. The fight raged fiercely and with varying success, both armies alternately advancing and retiring. At the fourth advance the Federals held the piece of woods in their front, which was felt to be the key of the position. On the left, at 1 o'clock P. M., Burnside had carried the stone bridge at the point of the bayonet; and at 4 P. M., he and Franklin in the center received orders to advance. Franklin moved his batteries forward and held his ground. Burnside carried the hills in his front; but the enemy being reinforced from the left, he was flanked, overpowered, and compelled to retire to his former position. It was now dark, and the battle closed. The forces engaged numbered about 100,000 on each side, the rebels having been reinforced by General Jackson's corps, after his capture of Harper's Ferry. The line of battle was four miles long. The field was fiercely contested, and the carnage was terrible. Preparations were immediately made to renew the contest on the morrow, but during the night the Confederates retreated. The Union loss in this fight was stated at 2,010 killed; 9,416 wounded; and 1,043 missing. The Confederates acknowledged a loss of 14,000, but General McClellan stated it to be 25,542. General Mansfield was killed; Generals Richardson and Rodman mortally wounded.

Anthony, a rebel Major, together with Lieutenant Davis, were convicted of recruiting for the rebels within the Union lines, and, January 2, 1864, sentenced to imprisonment in Fort Warren, for fifteen years.

Apache Canon, New Mexico, was the scene of a brisk engagement, March 28, 1862, between 1,300 Unionists,