Brandon, Miss, was occupied by Johnson, in his retreat, July 21, 1863. Sherman, after a brisk skirmish, occupied the place March 7, 1864.

Brandon Farms, Va., was captured January 23, 1864, by Union raiders, who also captured 30 rebels, 100 negroes and 30,000 pounds of pork, all without losing a

man.

Brandy Station, Va., battle of, August 4, 1863, between 6,000 of Stuart's cavalry and three brigades of Union cavalry and Major Brockhaus's artillery. The fight lasted from 2 o'clock till night, when Stuart retreated. He stated his loss at 6 killed, 18 wounded. (See Beverly Ford.)

Branchville, S. C., was evacuated by the rebels February 11, 1865, and occupied by Sherman's forces next day.

Brasher City, La., was captured June 22, 1863, by the Unionists, who were driven out two days later; but again reoccupied it, routing the rebels, July 22.

Brazos Island, Texas, was occupied by General Banks's "Texas Expedition" November 2, 1863.

Breckenridge, J. C., was expelled from the United States Senate December 4, 1861. He openly joined the rebels October 21.

Brentwood, Tenn. (See Nashville.)

Briar Forks, Mo. (See Carthage, Mo.)

Bridge Burning was extensively carried on during the entire continuance of the rebellion. Some instances were as follows: Baltimore mobs burned all bridges east, north and north-east of and near that city, April 19 and 20, 1861; an attempt to burn the Monocacy bridge. (iron) May 12, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge burned by the rebels May 16; Alexandria and Loudon Railroad bridges destroyed May 25; and at about this rate for over four years.

Bridgeport, Ala., was occupied by General Mitchell's forces April 29, 1862. The rebels, in their retreat, abandoned their arms, stores, etc., losing 72 killed and 350 prisoners.

Bridgeport, Tenn.-Near this place, on October 2, 1863, occurred a terrific explosion of a train-load of ammunition.

Bridgetown, Tenn., was occupied, and the bridge destroyed, July 7, 1863, by Bragg, in his retreat before Rosecrans.

Bright, Jesse D., of Indiana, was expelled from the United States Senate February 5, 1862.

Bristol, Tenn., was occupied by Morgan's guerrillas December 13, 1864. (See Saltville.)

Bristow's Station, Va., was captured by guerrillas March 9, 1864. They also captured 40 of the 30th Pennsylvania cavalry.

Britton's Lane, Tenn.-On September 1, 1862, a small force of Union troops defeated a large force of rebels at this place after a fight of four hours, the rebels leaving 175 dead on the field. Union loss, 5 killed and 51 wounded.

Broad Run, near Drainsville, Va., was the scene of a skirmish April 1, 1863. Unionists defeated.

Brookville, Md., was occupied by the rebels June 28,

1863.

Brown's Ferry, (Tennessee River, near Chattanooga,). battle of, October 27, 1863.-The rebels attacked General Hooker's force at 12 midnight, and a severe fight ensued, which continued two hours with lighter work, until 4 A. M. Every attack was repulsed, and the rebels driven from every position they assailed. The result was important, as it removed from this point the obstructions to steamboat navigation, and secured the way for army supplies. Hood's army-consisting of about 20,000 men and 10 guns-escaped across the Tennessee River near this place, December 28, 1864.

Brownsville, Mo., was captured and partially burned by guerrillas, October 16, 1863.

Brownsville, Tenn., was the scene of brisk skirmishes, all resulting favorably for the Unionists, December 5, 1861, July 29 and October 24, 1862, and September 1, 1863.

Brownsville, Texas, was captured by General Banks, and occupied by his Texas expedition November 3, 1863. The place was opened to commerce not "contraband of war February 18, 1864.

Brownell, F. E. (See Ellsworth.)

Bruinsburg, Miss., was occupied by Union forces April 30, 1863.

Brunswick, Ga., was captured by Commodore Dupont's fleet March 2, 1862. It was made a port of entry July 1, 1862.

Buchanan, James, in his message December 3, 1860, upon the opening of the second session of the XXXVÍ Congress, denied the right of any State to secede, and also denied the right of the General Government to prevent secession. December 4, he sent Mr. Trescott to Charleston to "request a postponement" of hostile action until Congress could decide upon remedies in the case. At an extra session of the Cabinet, December 13, President Buchanan opposed the reinforcement of the forts in Charleston harbor. On the 30th of December, in reply to the application of the South Carolina Commissioners, he refused to receive them in an official capacity. We leave him here, simply remarking that he retired from the Presidential chair an object of detestation and pity to almost every citizen.

Buckhannon, Va., was the scene of a rebel rout, July 1, 1861. The guerrillas captured the town, burning the public stores, August 30, 1862.

Buckner, General. (See Fort Donaldson.)

Buel, General Don Carlos, was assigned to the command of the Department of Kentucky November 9, 1861, and was relieved from the command October 24, 1862. Buffalo Hill, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish October 3, 1861. Union loss, 18. Rebel loss, 60.

Buffalo Mills, Mo., was captured by Union forces, and the rebel camp there broken up, October 22, 1861. Buffington, Ohio. (See John Morgan.)

Bull's Bay, S. C., was held by General Potter's Union force operating in concert with General Sherman, February 13, 1865.

Bull's Gap, Tenn., was fortified and occupied January 10, 1864, by General Longstreet's force, numbering about 35,000 infantry and 12,000 cavalry. The rebels advanced from this position, but were forced to retreat to it February 20, with the loss of much camp equipage. They retreated toward Virginia March 31. (See Saltville.)

Bull Run, Va.-At 5 o'clock on the morning of July 21, 1861, the Federal army broke camp at Centerville and moved upon the rebel works in five divisions, commanded respectively by General Tyler and Colonels Hunter, Heintzelman, Runyan, and Miles. Richardson's brigade of Tyler's division was ordered to make a feint by way of Blackburn Ford, while the remainder of that division moved by way of Stone Bridge, strongly defended by the rebels with artillery. Heintzleman's division, by cutting a road through the woods, took position on the run about midway between Tyler and Hunter. Miles's division was held in reserve at Centerville, and to check any attempt of the rebels to turn our left flank, and Runyan's was seven miles nearer Washington. Both Tyler and Heintzleman, by making feint attacks, engaged the enemy's attention, while the main body, under Hunter, made a detour to the right. After passing Cub Run, and crossing Bull Run at Sudley's Springs, three miles above, they attempted to turn the enemy's left flank. This had, in a measure, been accomplished, when the enemy, finding the attack on his right was only a feint, commenced to strengthen his left. This being perceived, Heintzleman was ordered to press his attack to prevent this movement of troops. He succeeded in driving back the enemy from the bridge far enough to allow Sherman and Keys's brigades of Tyler's division to cross over and drive the enemy's right. This being accomplished, the balance of Tyler s division crossed, and the engagement became general along the whole line. After a severe fight of over six hours, when the Federals had nearly won the field, and the enemy almost disheartened, the rebels were reinforced by Johnston's army from Winchester. The suddenness and strength of this onset, and in the midst of the security felt on a field so nearly won, was sufficient to create disorder, which, in spite of all the efforts of the officers, resulted finally in a panic. The Union force engaged did not exceed 20,000; while that of the rebels was, according to their own accounts, 40,000 on the field and about 25,000 in reserve at Manassas Junction. Union loss, in killed, wounded, and missing, was 2,708; that of the enemy, 1,902. After the battle, Colonel Enstein, with the 27th Pennsylvania,

brought off six pieces of artillery which had been abandoned in the retreat.

A battle was fought at Groveton, near Bull Run, on August 29, 1862, which lasted from daylight until dark, resulting in a Union victory. The battle was renewed next day, and is usually designated as "the second battle of Bull Run." General Pope's forces, having fallen back, were attacked by the Confederates under General Lee, on the old field of Bull Run. The fight raged fiercely all day, and with great slaughter. The Union left wing had been pressed back half a mile, but the right still held its ground. After the battle, the whole army fell back to Centerville.

The Army of the Potomac occupied the old battle-field June 15, 1863, and there occurred a brisk skirmish there four months later.

Bunker Hill, near Martinsburg, Va. was, on July 15, 1863, the scene of a skirmish approaching a battle, between General Patterson's advance and the rebel cavalry under Stuart. The Confederates were defeated and driven two miles. The place was occupied by Union forces March 5, 1862.

Burbridge, Brevet Major-General S. G., was appointed August 7, 1864, to command the Military District of Kentucky. (See Saltville.)

Burk's Station, Va., was occupied by Wilson and Kautz June 23, 1864. They destroyed the railroads in each direction, and repulsed the rebels twice.

Burksville, Va., was held by General Sheridan April 5, 1865, thus effectually preventing Lee from retreating in that direction.

Burley, the Lake Erie pirate, was, on January 20, 1865, committed by Recorder Duggan, at Toronto, for surrender to the United States. After a hearing and argument of the case, he was so surrendered, at Suspension Bridge, February 3.

Burnside, General A. E., was appointed to the command of the Army of the Potomac November 7, 1862. On the 14th he divided his forces into three corps, under Generals Sumner, Franklin, aud Hooker, with the 11th Corps as a reserve, and the next day took up his march toward Fredericksburg. He occupied Falmouth on the