Atlanta must be held for military purposes exclusively, and sending all the inhabitants north or south, as they may choose. General Hood, on the 9th, protested, "in the name of God and humanity," against this order, but accepted a proposed truce for the removal. General Sherman's orders for the march from Atlanta were issued November 9. They direct troops to "forage liberally on the country," forbid trespassing by soldiers, and hold the country responsible for attacks by guerrillas. The public buildings were burned or blown up, the place rendered a desert, and evacuated November 14, and Sherman's forces were "marching to the sea.”

Atzerodt, one of Booth's accomplices, was captured at Monocacy, near Baltimore, April 20, 1865. Harold.)

(See Auburn, Tenn., was the scene of a brisk but undecisive skirmish, March 20, 1863.

Auger, General, about October 20, 1864, adopted the plan of placing in conspicuous places, upon each train on the Manassas Gap Railroad, prominent secessionists, residents of the vicinity, as a protection against attacks from guerrillas. The plan accomplished the desired object. Augusta, Ga. (See Arsenal.)

Augusta, Ky., was, on September 27, 1862, captured by rebel guerrillas, the garrison, after a stubborn fight, being compelled to surrender to superior forces. The rebels lost 90 killed and wounded. Union loss about 50. Austin, Miss., was burned by Union forces, May 24, 1863.

Averysboro, N. C.-On March 16, 1865, the 14th Corps, of Sherman's army, had a fight with Hardee at this place, in which the latter was defeated, leaving all his dead in General Davis's hands, and retreating to Bentonsville. Union loss about 1,000 killed and wounded. Rebel loss less than half that number, on account of their works protecting them.

Avoyelles Prairie, La., was the scene of a short but spirited battle on May 16, 1864, between General Banks's retreating forces and the rebels, who were endeavoring to cut him off. The rebels were driven with great loss, considering the time and numbers engaged.

Aylett's, Va., was surprised and captured by Union

forces, under Colonel Fitspatrick, May 5, 1863. A party of 50 rebel cavalry were surprised and taken prisoners at the same time.

Bachelor's Creek, N. C., was, on May 20, 1864, the scene of an accidental explosion of four recently captured rebel torpedoes, killing and wounding several Union soldiers. (See Newbern.)

Bagley, a Union gun-boat, was blown up by torpedoes, on the Roanoke River, December 10, 1864.

Bahia. (See privateer Florida.)

Bailey's Dam was built partially across the Red River at the falls near Alexandria, raising the river at that point, and thus releasing Admiral Porter's fleet from its apparently hopeless situation above the falls. The force employed consisted of 3,000 men and 300 teams, under direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Bailey, who commenced operations May 2, 1864, and on the 13th the last of the fleet passed in safety, thus saving vessels valued at $2,000,000.

Bainbridge, Tenn.-Sturgis's cavalry attacked and drove the videttes out of this place January 14, 1864, but subsequently fell back before superior numbers. Three days later the rebels renewed the attack, and General Sturgis fell back to Strawberry Plains. The skirmishing lasted from daylight until 4 P. M., when Colonel McCook charged upon and completely routed them. Union loss, 150. Johnson's brigade of Rhoddy's army crossed the Tennessee River at this point, January 26,

1864.

Baker, Edward D., United States Senator from Oregon, was appointed Major-General of volunteers, September 21, 1861, and one month later was killed in battle, while gallantly leading his men near Ball's Bluff. (See Ball's Bluff.)

Baker's Creek, or Champion Hill, battle of, (25 miles west of Jackson, Miss.,) May 16, 1863. The forces engaged were about 25,000 on each side-the Unionists. under General Grant, the rebels under Pemberton. The rebels were routed, and retired behind the Big Black River, with a loss of 16 pieces of artillery, 3,000 prisoners, 1,000 killed and wounded. Union loss, 1,700

killed or wounded.

Baldwin, Fla.-A force 5,000 strong, under General Seymour, advanced to and fortified this place February 18, 1864. Ten days later they evacuated the place, burning the stores, etc. The town was held by the rebels from that time till July 25, at which date General Birney, entering Florida by the St. Mary's River, drove out the rebels, and the place was occupied by Union forces.

Ball's Bluff, Va., battle of, October 21, 1861.-Colonel E. D. Baker, with 2,000 men, crossed the Potomac at Harrison's Island and Ball's Bluff, under orders from General Stone. About 4 P. M. they were suddenly attacked by a body of 5,000 Confederates, under General Evans. Being overpowered, they were driven back to the river, and many, for want of means to cross, were drowned or slaughtered on the banks. Baker fell at the first fire. General Stone was arrested and confined in Fort Lafayette, on suspicion of foul play. The Union loss was about 1,000 men, of whom nearly 300 were killed, and 500, including part of the wounded, taken prisoners.

Baltimore, Md.-An immense secession meeting was held at Baltimore, in Monument Square, on the evening of April 18, 1861. Violent disunion speeches were made, and the meeting adjourned with enthusiastic cheers for "the South" and for "President Davis." Next day the city was in the hands of the mob, with whom the 6th Massachusetts and 7th Pennsylvania regiments had a fight. Three soldiers were killed and eight wounded. Of the mob, eleven were killed and several wounded. The same day the Mayor of the city notified the President that no more troops could pass through the city without fighting their way. The mob on the following day, April 20, destroyed the telegraph lines and various bridges and culverts on the railroads, thus checking communication between Washington and the North. The city militia was speedily organized in the Southern interest, but was disbanded on May 6. General Butler

took possession of Federal Hill, thus commanding the city, and re-establishing communications and travel through it on the 13th. June 15th the B. and O. R. R. was re-opened to Harper's Ferry. On the 17th, Marshal Geo.

P. Kane was arrested for treason, the Police Commissioners superseded, and John R. Kenly appointed Provostmarshal of the city. The Board of Police protested againt the arrest of Kane, but without avail; they were arrested July 1, and confined, with their chief, in Fort Henry. During the rebel invasion of Pennsylvania, martial law was proclaimed in the city, June 30, 1863. Banks, N. P., was appointed Major-General of volunteers, May 30, 1861, and on June 10 he was detailed to, and assumed command of, the Department of Annapolis. On July 19 he was assigned to command the forces on the Upper Potomac, which position he assumed July 25. The various actions in this department will be found under their appropriate headings.

Banks's expedition (with sealed orders) sailed from New York December 4, 1862. It encountered a severe storm, and two of the vessels, in distress, put into Port Royal on the 11th, and one into Philadelphia on the 15th. The expedition arrived at New Orleans December 14, on which day General Banks relieved General Butler of the command of the Department of the Gulf. The formalities of General Butler's leave-taking, and of General Banks's assuming command, occurred the next day.

General Banks published the President's Emancipation Proclamation to the people of Louisiana February 6, 1863. The secessionists were highly incensed at this, and made an attempt to assassinate the General on his way to the opera, on the evening of the 11th. He continued in command of this department until General Canby relieved him, May 21, 1864. This command General Banks resumed December 1 of the same year. (The movements of his army, etc., will be found under their appropriate heads.)

Barbarities.-Mention will be made of only a few of the many instances.

German farmers massacred by a rebel mob in Western Texas, January 10, 1863.

Five Union men shot, in cold blood, by the rebels, at Little Rock, Ark., Jan. 23, 1863.

Attempt to assassinate General Banks, February 11,

Captain Dwight, after surrender, is murdered by the rebels, at Washington, La., May 4, 1863.

The rebel authorities refused to receive supplies for Union prisoners starving in the South, December 12, 1863.

A Union soldier was found hung at Smith's Mills, Va., with a placard calling it "retaliation," January 14, 1864. A company of colored troops were surprised and captured near Grand Lake, Miss., by guerrillas, February 14, 1864. After surrendering, all but two were killed.

Rev. Dr. Cox, Chaplain 25th regiment Corps d'Afrique, was captured near Donaldsonville, La., by guerillas, and hanged, February 20, 1864.

The rebels at Kingston, N. C., hung 23 Union prisoners of war, one a drummer-boy 15 years old, March 6, 1864.

Five Union generals and 45 other officers were placed under fire at Charleston, June 15, 1864, and kept there until retaliation compelled the rebels to to end their

unchristian course.

During a tacit truce, the rebels treacherously opened fire upon the Union soldiers outside their works, killing and wounding many, September 1, 1864.

An attempt was made, through rebel emissaries, on Nov. 25, 1864, to fire New York city by means of preparations of phosphorus left simultaneously in rooms, hired by the incendiaries, in fifteen of the chief hotels; Barnum's Museum and several ships were also fired; some of the fires caught, but none gained much headway. (See Fort Pillow, Mobs, New York Riots, Prisoners.)

Barbour, Va., was the scene of a skirmish between the cavalry forces under Pleasanton (U.) and Stewart (R.) Nov. 5, 1862. Rebels driven with considerable loss.

Barboursville, Va., was the scene of a skirmish, July 12, 1861, without any definite result. Four days later the rebels were defeated at the same place. A battle commenced here September 17, without loss to either side. It was resumed next day, and the rebels whipped. Union loss 1 killed and 1 wounded; rebel loss 15 killed and wounded. The place was occupied by Union forces without opposition November 4, 1861.