with six pieces of artillery, under Colonel J. P. Slough, and 2,000 Texans, with one piece of artillery, who were in ambush. Colonel Slough attacked the Texans in front, while Major Chivington, with a part of the force, attacked them in the rear. The fight lasted until 4 o'clock, when flags of truce were interchanged to bury the dead and care for the wounded. The rebels lost their entire train, comprising 64 wagons and 230 mules; about 150 killed, 200 wounded, and 93 prisoners. The Union loss was 20 killed, 54 wounded, and 35 prisoners. Apalachicola, Florida, surrendered without resistance to the Union forces April 3, 1862.

Ariel, a California steamer, was captured by the “Alabama," December 7, 1862, and released upon giving bonds for $228,000, payable thirty days after the recog nition of the Southern Confederacy.

Arizona, through action of a convention held at Mesilla, seceded March 16, 1861. The Confederate Congress subsequently erected a Territorial Government over it. On February 24, 1863, all of New Mexico west of a line from the point where the south-west corner of Colorado joins New Mexico, due south to the northern line, Mexico was constituted a separate territory, under the name of Arizona, and a temporary government provided therefor.

Arizona, a United States gun-boat, was burned below New Orleans, February 27, 1865, five of the crew perishing.

Arkadelphia, Ark., was the scene of a battle and rebel defeat February 15, 1863. Rebel loss, 25 men; Union loss, 14 men. September 8, the rebels were again defeated at this point. The place was occupied by Čolonel Caldwell, with 700 Federal troops, October 28, after driving out the rebel rear guard and capturing several hundred prisoners. The place was occupied by 7,000 rebels, under Marmaduke and Price, January 6, 1864. Arkansas.-The State Legislature, on January 16, 1861, resolved to submit to the people the question of calling a State Convention, the vote to be polled February 18. The result was (27,410 v. 15,820) in favor of a convention-delegates to which were elected, and met at Little Rock March 4. After resolving to sub

mit the question of secession to the people, the Convention adjourned March 21, and met at the same place early in May, and on the 6th of that month passed (69 v. 1) a secession ordinance, which was ratified by the people, and on the 17th the State was admitted as one of the "Confederate States of America." The military board, on July 3, called for 10,000 men to repel the Union troops. President Lincoln declared the State in insurrection August 16. A provisional government was inaugurated at Little Rock January 20, 1864. The State, by a popular vote, on March 16, 1864, declared for a Free State Constitution, and the State Legislature ratified the Constitutional Amendment prohibiting slavery, April 1, 1865.

Arkansas City, Texas, surrendered to the Union forces March 17, 1863; 100 prisoners and 3 guns were taken.

Arkansas, the rebel iron-clad ram, on July 15, 1862, ran the blockade of the Yazoo River, and passed through the Union fleet, and anchored under the guns of the shore batteries. The gun-boats' fire had no effect on her. Several were killed and wounded on the fleet by the shots from the Arkansas. On the 22d, the Union ram Queen of the West attacked the Arkansas, endeavoring to sink her, but came off defeated. The Arkansas then made for Baton Rouge, where she was attacked by the Union gunboat Essex, and after a short engagement, was sunk August 6.

Arkansas Post, Ark.-A combined land and naval force was sent against this place. The land force, under General McClernand, landed about one mile below the place, under cover of the gun-boats, January 10, 1863. The day following the Union forces stormed the works, aided by the gun-boats, under Admiral Porter. The whole garrison surrendered. The Union loss was 100 killed and 500 wounded; rebel loss, 500 killed and wounded; 5,000 prisoners were taken, including General Churchill, commanding, and all the ammunition and stores. Two Texas regiments, ignorant of the change of affairs, and anxious to reinforce the rebels, marched into the camp on the 12th, and were added to the list of Union captures. The fort (Hindman) at this place

was destroyed, and the place abandoned by the Unionists on the 29th.

Arlington, Va., was occupied by Sheridan's forces March 7, 1865.

Arlington Heights, opposite Washington, were fortified May 16, 1861.

Arrow Rock, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish October 13, 1863.

Arsenals. At the outbreak of the rebellion, the possession of the arsenals was an important item to each party, and hence the efforts made to capture or destroy them. The arsenals at the following places were surrendered to or taken possession of by the State authorities as follows: Augusta, Georgia, January 24, 1861; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, January 10, 1861; Fayetteville, N. C., April 22, 1861; Liberty, Mo., April 20, 1861; Little Rock, Ark., February 8, 1861; Mobile, Ala., January 4, 1861; Napoleon, Ark., April 22, 1861. On April 28, 1861, a detachment of Illinois troops, under Captain Stokes, of the regular army, succeeded in removing, from the arsenal at St. Louis about twenty thousand stand of arms, besides one hundred and ten thousand cartridges, cannon, equipments, etc., and conveyed them to Springfield, Illinois. (See Harper's Ferry.)

Ashby's Gap, Va., was occupied by the Union forces November 4, 1862, and soon abandoned. The rebel pickets at this place were driven in on the 28th of the same month. The Union forces were repulsed here July 18 and 20, 1864, with a loss of nearly 500 men; and on February 19, 1865, a Union force of 110 men were surprised and captured by 40 guerrillas.

Ashland, Va., was dashed into by some Union cavalry May 29, 1862. They captured a train of quartermaster's and commissary stores. The town was occupied by Union cavalry May 3, 1863.

Ashland Station, Va., was occupied by Sheridan's forces May 11, 1864. He destroyed two trains of cars, locomotives, engine-houses, Confederate store-house, and six miles of railroad.

Atchafalaya Bayou was reached and pontooned by General Bank's forces, in their retreat toward New Orleans, May 19, 1864.

Athens, Ala., garrisoned with 100 Union troops, was attacked January 26, 1864, by General Forrest, with 600 men, who, after a two hours' fight, was defeated; 5 rebels killed and a number wounded and captured; Union loss, 10 wounded. Again on September 23, 1864, the same General, with a force of 8,000 strong, attacked the place and defeated 500 Unionists.

Athens, Ky., was the scene of a brisk skirmish February 23, 1863. The guerrilla Morgan (brother to John) was taken prisoner.

Athens, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish August 5, 1861.

Atlanta, Ga., was occupied and fortified, by the rebel forces under Johnson, July 10, 1864. On the 20th, Sherman's army was within two and a half miles of the place, and threatening the main roads leading to and from the city. Johnson had been relieved from command of the rebels by General Hood, and forthwith proceeded to put in operation a style of tactics, which were directly the opposite of the slow movements of his predecessor. He made three assaults on the right of the position, at Peach-tree Creek, defended by General Joe Hooker, with the 20th Corps, but was "bloodily repulsed." He maneuvered skillfully, about daylight, and attacked a weak spot, or gap, in the lines, which were of unusual and dangerous length, extending some twelve miles. Hood sent out deserters to give false news of his having abandoned Atlanta; he also withdrew his skirmishers, the better to support the deception. He then fell on Sherman's forces, before the latter's order of battle was fully prepared, and when he had but just crossed the river. At one time, General Hood was nigh successful in piercing the weakened center. He would thus have retrieved the calamities of the campaign, but for some fortuitous circumstances, and the indomitable pluck of the 20th Corps, aided by General Newton of the 4th Corps, and part of Palmer's 14th Corps. Hood gained some slight advantages in the early part of the day, but at night had to relinquish them all. Late at night he retired to his earth-works, leaving over 1,300 prisoners. He had 1,200 killed and 4,000 wounded. Union loss, 1,700.

He made another attack on the left of the Union lines on the 22d. Logan's corps (the 15th), as also the 17th and Dodge's (16th Corps), felt the shock of his charges most severely. In the early part of the day he gained some temporary successes, as on the 20th. He took some works, which he was at a later time, obliged to relinquish; he was finally driven back with heavy loss. The enemy made six furious assaults on the 17th Corps. During the heat of battle, the rebel General Wheeler, with his raiders, attacked the rear of the 15th Corps, and captured 10 wagons. Their presence gave rise to the belief that Hood had outflanked the army; this caused a serious panic in the 15th Corps, who were also attacked at the same time in front, and driven from their main line of intrenchments to their second line, a distance of 500 yards to the rear; but they quickly reformed and took their old position. The gifted and valorous General James B. McPherson met his death early in the day. The rebels lost 3,100 killed, 5,000 wounded, 3,200 prisoners, 25 stand of colors, and 5,000 muskets. Union loss, 3,720, killed, wounded, and missing.

On the 28th, General Sherman attempted to extend his line to the right, by subtracting his left corps and sending them to the other extremity of the line, so as to reach the west of Atlanta. The enemy observing the movement, massed his troops in the same direction, and was successful in his onset. In the afternoon the fortune of battle had changed.

Atlanta was now heavily bombarded for some days. On August 26, after getting all things in readiness, General Sherman made a feint of retreating, in order to cover his "flanking" the place. On September 1, Hood blew up his magazine, destroyed 7 locomotives, 81 cars loaded. with ammunition, small arms, and stores, partially destroyed 14 guns, and retreated south.

General Slocum entered the town September 2, at 11 o'clock A. M. It is estimated that the total Union loss from Chattanooga to Atlanta, in killed, wounded, and missing, is 31,500 men, 15 cannon, and 5 flags. The rebel loss for the same time, 44,000 men, 32 cannon, flags, and 20,000 small arms.

30

On the 4th, General Sherman issued his order that