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5.5 Agriculture depends on exports

PERCENT OF U.S. PRODUCTION EXPORTED 1948

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4.5

Canned Fruits

3.0

50

FULL EMPLOYMENT

Our goal of full employment depends, in part, on a healthy export
market. In 1948 there were more than 350 thousand workers in our
machine industries who were dependent for their jobs on exports—over
300 thousand in the metal industries, almost 300 thousand in the field
of trade, and 250 thousand in the production of textiles. In fact, almost
22 million American workers are dependent for their jobs, directly or
indirectly, on our export trade.

In addition to these material benefits that we derive from foreign
trade, we need the increased political and economic stability of the free
countries of the world. Their stability depends significantly upon their
ability to obtain a high volume of our exports and to make themselves
economically strong and self-sustaining by extensive trade with each
other and with us.

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REDUCING BARRIERS TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The world needs a high level of international trade. private barriers, however, tend to keep trade at a low level.

Public and
Producers

in one country may produce a large volume of goods which they want. to sell in other countries and which the people of other countries would like to buy, but their business may be stifled by barriers to international trade.

TARIFFS AND QUOTAS

High tariffs and rigid quotas raise the cost of those goods and therefore limit the volume of trade. Some tariffs are originally erected to protect infant industries, but unfortunately they are often maintained long after the maturity of the infant. The result is a restriction of fair competitive trade, in which the consumer is the ultimate loser.

INTERNAL REGULATIONS

Internal regulations and taxes applied to imports cause uncertainty and raise costs. One such international barrier to trade is the statutory provision which prevents a governmental agency from buying foreign materials or commodities manufactured from foreign materials unless the prices of corresponding domestic items are "unreasonable."

CUSTOMS BARRIERS

Arbitrary and confusing customs red tape causes delays, raises costs, and makes markets uncertain, thereby decreasing the flow of trade. For instance, an importer cannot be sure whether a tire is going to be classified as a tire or as an article produced in part of carbon, or whether a miniature piano will be considered a musical instrument or a piece of furniture.

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