instruction in object teaching the teacher is referred to Willson's Manual, accompanying the charts, or to Calkin's or Sheldon's books, one of which should be in the hands of every teacher.

Manners and Morals, taught by explaining and enforcing habits of personal cleanliness, neatness in dress, order, obedience, and politeness, by telling, not reading, simple stories to illustrate the virtues of honesty, truthfulness, and kindness to one another, and to animals. Cowdery's Moral Lessons will be found invaluable for reference by the teacher, who should be able to tell the stories without the use of the book in school.

The time given to this grade must depend on the number of pupils it contains, compared with the other grades. The general rule must be short exercises, never exceeding ten minutes, and seldom five. The recesses of the children in this grade ought to be twice or three times the length of those for the older pupils. When in school they must be kept busy; and when there is nothing to be done, they ought to be out at play.

FIFTH GRADE.

Reading.-Willson's Primer, completed, and First Reader, begun, to be completed in this grade. Willson's Charts, Numbers Four, Five, Six, Seven, and Eight; spelling first from the Charts, then from Willson's Primary Speller, the words to be used in constructing oral sentences according to directions. Spelling lessons to be printed daily on the blackboard and on slates. Phonic spelling from Charts, Numbers Seven and Eight.

Numbers, counting to two hundred; counting by twos, fives, and tens, to fifty, and backward. Adding and subtracting numbers, not to exceed twenty in amount; mental operations to be expressed by written figures on the board and slates. This grade strictly limited to small numbers and simple operations, quickly performed.

Printing and Drawing.-Printing spelling lessons continued, and sentences begun. Drawing lines and angles, from Willson's Chart Number Eleven.

Object Lessons.-Lines and measures, forms and solids, and measures for the eye, from Willson's Charts, Numbers Eleven and Twelve. Colors, from Willson's Color Chart Number Thirteen, and box of hand color cards. In the absence of charts, the teacher will draw

on the board, lines, angles, and circles; surface forms, as triangle, parallelogram, hexagon, etc.; measures, such as inch, three inch, six inch, foot, and yard, square inch and square foot; or better still, sticks and pieces of board to illustrate the same, to be used in actually measuring objects and distances in the room.

Miscellaneous Lessons may embrace animals, birds, flowers, grains, vegetables, etc., from the charts, and confined mainly to names, parts, and uses.

Morals and Manners, as in the sixth grade, with the introduction of longer stories, read by the teacher, with applications more fully made. Committing to memory maxims and mottoes, such as are found in Willson's Manual.

Remarks. In small schools, with few pupils, the fifth and sixth grades must be united in one. Short lessons and quick work; no exercise to exceed ten minutes at one time. Long recesses and plenty of amusement; make no smart children dull by long confinement and overwork.

FOURTH GRADE.

Reading.-Willson's Second Reader. Short class drill of one minute each, at each reading lesson, on inflection, emphasis, pitch, and force.

Spelling.-Willson's Primary Speller, with simultaneous class drill of two minutes each lesson, in phonic spelling, to secure distinctness of articulation and enunciation.

Arithmetic.-Eaton's Primary, counting by twos, threes, fours, fives, tens, and twenties, to one hundred, and backward; counting to two hundred, by bean boxes, if possible. Counting by objects is more difficult and more useful than abstract counting. Multiplication table begun, explained by objects and the numeral frame, and learned to six times twelve. Easy examples in addition and subtraction, performed on the board. Lessons of the Mental Arithmetic written on the board; short mental exercises, combining addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Numeration and notation, not to exceed one thousand; Roman numerals, to one hundred.

Geography.-Allen's Primary, used according to the instructions to teachers in the text book. Colton's Geographic Charts, if in school. Globe used to explain the shape and revolutions of the earth, and the relative positions of the grand divisions. Lessons in

ical geography; directions of north, east, south, and west-not on the map, but out of doors; map of the school room; exercises in distances of places within five, ten, or twenty miles. Drawing all the maps of Allen's Geography on slate, paper, and blackboard.

Slate and Blackboard Printing and Drawing.—Printing lessons in arithmetic and spelling, both on board and slates; never leave the blackboard unused for a single minute; one grade can constantly be occupied. Drawing on slate and blackboard from margins of Spencerian Charts, from drawing cards, or best of all, from copies of the teacher.

Writing, on both slate and blackboard, first words from Willson's Chart Number Nine, then capital and small script letters.

Object Lessons may now be more systematically given, appealing to judgment as well as observation.

Colors reviewed and continued from the color charts. Forms reviewed and continued by using a box of geometrical solids. Animals from Willson's Charts; plants, forms and classes of leaves, and parts of flowers, from Willson's Charts.

Manners and Morals taught by lessons in Willson's Second Reader.

THIRD GRADE.

Reading.-Willson's Third Reader.

Spelling. Willson's Primary Speller completed. All exercises in constructing sentences to be required as directed in the text book, as a preliminary to the study of grammar. Weekly exercise in collecting and writing words in common use, and the names of common objects.

pleted.

Arithmetic.-Eaton's Intellectual. Multiplication table comSlate and blackboard drill exercises of five minutes, twice a week, in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Lessons in mental arithmetic. Lessons on notation and numeration, extending to larger numbers.

Geography.-Cornell's Primary. All the maps to be drawn on slate, blackboard, or paper; Cornell's Outline Maps used in connection. Globe used for explaining latitude, longitude, tropics, and polar circles, and relative positions of places named in the geography. Map of county, town, or city in which the pupils live.

Exercises in distances of places in this State, and next the outline map of the State, with principal cities, rivers, and mountains.

Grammar.-Greene's Introductory to Part II, at the option of the teacher. Exercises in constructing sentences similar to those in Willson's Speller. Principal parts of speech.

Penmanship.-Writing on slate and blackboard continued. Blank copy books and pen used. Drill class exercises in position at the desk, holding the pen, using the fingers and arm, and on elements of letters. Copies to be set on the blackboard, in connection with the Spencerian or Payson & Dunton's Charts. Time, half an hour daily.

Drawing.-Slate and blackboard continued, and pencil drawing on paper begun. Forms of leaves from Willson's Chart Number Thirteen, and from drawing cards.

Object Lessons.—Willson's Charts continued according to directions. Begin collecting for the school cabinet specimens of rocks, minerals, ores, metals, grains, and other common objects, using them as topics. Lessons, fifteen minutes, twice a week.

Moral Lessons.-Cowdery's Moral Lessons. Making full application of lessons, for the purpose of exercising the conscience in judgment of acts and character. Pupils can now be taught the foundation of moral obligations, and the various classes of human rights and duties.

Remarks. In this grade pupils begin to study lessons systematically. If the school is large the teacher can make daily alternations of reading and spelling, or of grammar and geography. It is by no means necessary that all the recitations should be daily.

SECOND GRADE.

Reading.-Willson's Fourth Reader; two lessons a week, in connection with Willson's Charts.

Spelling.-Willson's Larger Speller; two lessons a week, both written and oral, alternating with reading.

Arithmetic.-Eaton's Practical, begun and continued to decimal fractions; daily lessons. Eaton's Intellectual, continued; two lessons a week. Drill class exercises, of five minutes each, in written. arithmetic, on rapid operations in addition and multiplication. Geography.-Warren's Intermediate.* Learning the coarse print

* See note on this text book, page

and leading map questions. Cornell's Outline Maps, continued. Exercises in latitude and longitude of cities and countries on the globe. Outline maps on paper, every two weeks. Two lessons a week in geography, alternating with grammar.

Weekly comdescriptions of

Grammar.-Greene's Introductory, completed. positions, embracing geographical descriptions, or objects, considered under the head of object lessons. No composition on abstract topics.

Penmanship.-Pupils must now be taught how to write, fold, and address a letter; one letter a week, until the letters are correetly written. Engraved copy books of the Spencerian, or Payson & Dunton's system. Blank books still used for drill exercises. Pupils required to present monthly specimens for examination and credits. History.—Quackenbos' Primary.

Object Lessons.-One lesson a week, fifteen to thirty minutes. Collection of cabinet specimens continued.

Moral Lessons.-One lesson a week, half an hour.

FIRST GRADE.

Reading.-Willson's Fourth, continued, or Fifth, taken up, if the class is competent to use it. Two lessons a week.

Spelling.-Willson's Speller, continued alternately with reading. Written exercises in constructing sentences, according to directions on each page of the Speller.

Arithmetic.-Eaton's Practical, continued. Exercises in writing promissory notes, orders, receipts, and business forms, twice a week, until all the pupils can execute neatly and correctly. Written examination of ten questions, once a month.

Grammar.-Quackenbos'. Pupils required to correct one another's.written exercises and compositions, and to rewrite them before submitting to the corrections by the teacher. Grammar alternating with geography. Written examinations monthly.

Geography. Shaw and Allen's Comprehensive. Specimen maps drawn once a month. Written geographical descriptions, and monthly review examinations in writing.

History.-Quackenbos' United States.

Physiology.-Hooker's Larger, alternating with history. Bookkeeping, in place of writing; Payson & Dunton's Ele

mentary.