distinguished from taxation, 376, 399. distinguished from police power, 335, 399. by whom exercised, 400. United States, 400. municipal corporations, 401. private corporations, 401. legislative authority necessary to exercise of, 401. the purpose must be public, 403. what property may be taken, 407. estates less than a fee, 407. property of state and United States, 407. possession and enjoyment of estate, 408. EQUALITY, [The figures refer to pages.] as a requisite of taxation, 391. EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAWS, guarantied by fourteenth amendment, 464. meaning of the phrase, 464. what persons protected, 465. civil-rights acts, 465. local or special laws not prohibited, 467. tax laws, 468. competency of witnesses, 468. right to labor, 468. privilege of public schools, 469. jury service, 469. discriminations by carriers, 469. miscegenation, 470. foreign corporations, 470. EQUITY, powers and procedure of federal courts in, 160, 161. Jury trial not claimable in, 517. ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION, forbidden by American constitutions, 453. EVIDENCE, no vested rights in rules of, 499. self-criminating, prisoner cannot be compelled to give, 574 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, responsibility of officers of, for official acts, 13, 14. separation of, from legislative and judicial, 73. nature of executive power, 72. powers of, not to be usurped by legislature, 79. nor by courts, 83. must not usurp legislative or judicial powers, 82. of federal government, 89–122. of state, powers and functions of, 267-279. EXEMPTIONS, not generally contracts, 612. exemption from taxation, 620. EXPATRIATION, the right of, 528. guaranties republican government, 260. limitations imposed by, on state legislative power, 301. state police power, how limited by, 366. limitations on taxing power of states imposed by, 383. does not confer right of suffrage, 534. FEDERAL COURTS, see "Courts." FEDERAL ELECTIONS, authority of congress to regulate, 539. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. established in the United States, 27. FEDERAL JURISDICTION, see "Jurisdiction." FEDERAL QUESTIONS, federal jurisdiction of, 132. FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT, meaning and effect of, 537. FOOD. laws against adulteration of, 347. FOREIGN COMMERCE, see "Commerce." FORFEITURE, of property, must be judicially ascertained, 482. of political rights, 561. of estates, as a consequence of crime, 602. [The figures refer to pages.] FORMER JEOPARDY, as defense to accusation of crime, 585. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT, see "Citizenship"; "Due Process of Law"; "Equal Protection of Laws"; FRANCHISES, appropriation of, under power of eminent domain, 408. power to veto amendment to state constitution, 49. office and powers of, 267. independence of executive, 269. appointments to office, 271. GOVERNOR-Continued, [The figures refer to pages.] commanding militia, 272. pardons and reprieves, 272. convening and adjourning legislature, 275. approval or rejection of bills, 276. executive construction of laws, 279. duties of, under federal constitution, 279. GRAND JURY, see "Indictment." GRANTS, of powers, construction of constitutions as to, 70. implied, 235. of jurisdiction, in state constitutions, 282. of power of eminent domain to corporations, 401. protected as contracts, 611. of exemption from taxation, 620. H HABEAS CORPUS, power of federal courts to issue, 162. use of, in extradition proceedings, 257. HAPPINESS, pursuit of, right to guarantied, 463. HARBORS, when subject to regulation of congress, 193. HEALTH, police regulations in aid of, 345. HIGH SEAS, meaning of the term, 219. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. election of President by, 90. power of, to prefer impeachments, 120 composition of, 167. qualification of members, 168. apportionment of members, 168. election of members, 168. |