Change of Sovereignty and Private Ownership of Land, Am. Jour. Int. Law, XII, 475. Schuster, E. J., The Nationality and Domicile of Trading Corporations, Grotius Society, Proceedings, II, 57. -Effect of War and Moratorium on Commercial Transactions, London, 1914. Sherman, Gordon E., Jus Gentium and International Law, Am. Jour. Int. Law, XII, 56. The Nature and Sources of International Law, Ib. XV, 349. Scott, James Brown, Argument of the Honorable Elihu Root on Behalf of the United States before the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration Tribunal at The Hague, 1910, Boston, 1912. Cases on International Law, Boston, 1906. The Hague Court Reports, New York, 1916. The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907, New York, 1915. The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907, Baltimore, 1899. The Legal Nature of International Law, Am. Jour. Int. Law, I, 831. Survey of International Relations between the United States and Germany, August, 1914-April 6, 1917, New York, 1917. Scott, Leslie, The Effect of War on Contracts, London, 1914. Smith, F. E., and Sibley, N. W., International Law as Interpreted during the Russo-Japanese War, London, 1905. Snow, F., Cases and Opinions on International Law, Boston, 1893. Spaight, J. M., Aircraft in War, London, 1914. Aircraft in Peace and the Law, London, 1919. War Rights on Land, London, 1911. Stockton, C. H., The International Naval Conference of London, 19081909, Am. Jour. Int. Law, III, 596. Story, Joseph, Commentaries on the Conflict of Laws, 8th ed. by Mel- Le Consul, Paris, 1909. Struycken, A. A. H., Des Droits de l'Individu en Matière d'Extradition, International Law Association, Twenty-seventh Report (1912), 139. Takahashi, S., Cases on International Law during the Chino-Japanese War, Cambridge, 1899. International Law Applied to the Russo-Japanese War, New York, 1908 (Cited, Takahashi). Le Droit International dans l'Histoire du Japon, Revue de Droit International, 2nd Series, III, 188. Temperley, H. W. V., The History of the Peace Conference of Paris, London, 1920-21. Thayer, J. B., Legal Essays, Boston, 1908. Tiverton, Viscount, The Principles and Practice of Prize Law, London, Thiesing, T., Trading with the Enemy, Sen. Doc. 107, 65th Congress, 1st Session. Transvaal Concession Commission, Report of, Blue Book, Soath Travers, M., Le Droit Penal International et sa Mise en Oeuvre en Tupper, C. L., Our Indian Protectorate, London, 1893. Twiss, Sir Travers, The Law of Nations Considered as Independent Political Communities, 2nd ed., Oxford, 1884. The Oregon Question, London, 1846. Tyau, M. T. Z., The Legal Obligations Arising out of Treaty Relations between China and Other States, Shanghai, 1917. Exterritoriality in China and the Question of its Abolition, British Year Book of International Law, 1921-22, 133. United States Tariff Commission, Reciprocity and Commercial Treaties, Washington, 1919. Vanderpol, A., La Doctrine Scholastique du Droit de Guerre, Paris, 1919. Visser, M. L.-E., La Clause de "la Nation la plus Favorisée" dans les Traités de Commerce, Revue de Droit International, 2nd Series, IV, 66, 159, 270. Walton, F. P., State Immunity in the Laws of England, France, Italy and Belgium, Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation and International Law, 3rd Series, II, 252. Wambaugh, E., Littleton's Tenures, Washington, 1903. Westlake, John, Collected Papers on Public International Law, edited by L. Oppenheim, Cambridge, 1914 (Cited Collected Papers). International Law, Cambridge, 1904, 1906. A Treatise on Private International Law, 5th ed., London, 1912. Weston, C. H., Actions against the Property of Sovereigns, Harvard Law Review, XXXII, 266. Wharton, Francis, A Treatise on the Conflict of Laws, 3rd ed. by G. H. Parmele, Rochester, N. Y., 1905 (Cited Wharton, Conflicts). Wheaton, Henry, Elements of International Law, 8th ed. by R. H. Dana. Boston, 1866 (Cited Wheaton-Dana), 5th English ed. by C. Phillipson, London, 1916 (Cited Wheaton-Phillipson). Wheeler, Everett P., The Law of Prize as Affected by Decisions upon Captures made during the Late War between Spain and the United States, Columbia Law Review, I, 141. Wheeler, G. C., Etude sur l'Histoire Primitive du Droit International, Revue de Droit International, 2nd Series, X, 5. White, Andrew D., Autobiography, New York, 1904. Willoughby, W. W., The Legal Nature of International Law, Am. Jour. Int. Law, II, 357. - Foreign Rights and Interests in China, Baltimore, 1920. Willson, W. R., Insurance of Foreign Property in War Time, Law Quarterly Review, XXXII, 373, XXXIII, 15. Wilson, George G., Aerial Jurisdiction, Am. Pol. Sci. Rev., V, 171. Handbook of International Law, St. Paul, 1910 (Cited Wilson, Handbook). Insurgency and International Maritime Law, Am. Jour. Int. Law, I, 46. The Hague Arbitration Cases, Boston, 1915. Wolfman, M., Sovereigns as Defendants, Am. Jour. Int. Law, IV, 373. Woolsey, L. H., Early Cases on the Doctrine of Continuous Voyages, Am. Jour. Int. Law, IV, 823. Wright, P. Q., The Enforcement of International Law through Municipal Law in the United States, Urbana, 1916. Young, E. H., The Nationality of a Juristic Person, Harvard Law Review, XXII, 1. Zeitschrift für Völkerrecht und Bundesstaatsrecht, Breslau. Zollman, C., Air Space Rights, American Law Review, LIII, 711. - Liability of Air Craft, Ib., LIII, 879. Leading Cases on International Law CHAPTER I. THE NATURE AND AUTHORITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. SECTION 1. THE NATURE AND SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. UNITED STATES v. THE SCHOONER LA JEUNE EUGENIE. CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 1822. STORY, J. This is a libel brought against the schooner La Jeune Eugenie, which was seized by Lieut. Stockton, on the coast of Africa, for being employed in the slave trade. The allegation asserts the offense in two forms; first, as against the slave trade acts of the United States; and secondly, as against the general law of nations. A claim has been given in by the French consul, in behalf of the Claimants, who are subjects of France, resident in Basseterre, in the island of Guadaloupe, as owners of the schooner; and there is also a Protest filed by the French consul against the jurisdiction of the court, upon the ground, that this is a French vessel, owned by French subjects, and as such, exclusively liable to the jurisdiction of the French tribunals, if she shall turn out, upon the evidence, to have been engaged in this dishonorable traffic. It is contended on behalf of |