CRS-120

C. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Case for allowing "convicted Mafiosi to vote for judges": Beyond Green v. Bd. of Elections of New York City (380 F.2d 445), DePaul L. Rev. 19:112 Autumn 1969 Civil Consequences of Felony Conviction, Drake L. Rev. 12:141 (1963)

Civil Death Resulting From Imprisonment, Intramural L. Rev. 1:200 (1951)

Constitutional Law: Construction of State Disfranchisment Rule Under Equal Protection Standards, Columbia L. Rev. 66:1357 Nov. 1966

Constitutional Law:

Equal Protection - Disenfranchisement of Ex-felons: The Standard of Review. Mo. L. Rev. 40:130-6 Winter 1975

Constitutional Law

Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Voting Rights of Ex-felons. Duquesne L. Rev. 13:130-45 Fall 1974

Disenfranchisement of Ex-felons: A Cruelly Excessive Punishment. Sw. U. L. Rev. 7:124-60 Spring 1975

Disenfranchisment of Ex-felons: A Reassessment. Stan. L. Rev. 24:845-64
Je 1973.

Elections--California Constitutional Provision Concerning Persons Convicted of Crime, San Diego L. Rev. 4:190 Jan. 1967

Hearings On H.R. 9020 Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and The Administration of Justice of the House Committee on The Judiciary, 93d Cong., 2d Sess., Serial No. 29 (January 30, 1974)

Need for Reform of Ex-felon Disenfranchisement Laws. Yale L. J. 83:580-601
Jan. 1974

Note: An Infamous Formulation of Infamous Crime as Applied to Voter Disqualification; Otsuka v. Hite, UCLA Law Rev. 15:699 Jan. 1967

Note: Restoring The Ex-Offender's Right To Vote: Background and Developments, Am. Cr. L. Rev. 11:720 (1973)

Officers--Necessity of Being an Elector to Be an Officer-Disqualification of Electors for Conviction of a Crime-Effect of Conviction Under Federal or Foreign Law, Minn. L. Rev. 32:642 (1948)

Prisons and Prisoners, Symposium - A Model Act For The Protection of Rights of Prisoners, Wash. U.L.Q. 1973: 551-646, Summer 1973

Prisoners' Rights - The Third Circuit Acquiesces In The Disenfranchisement of Pennsylvania Detainees. B. U. L. Rev. 52:641, Summer 1972

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY cont'd

CRS-121

Restoration of the Civil Rights of Convicted Criminals, Wisc. L. Rev. 1951:378.

Richarson v. Ramirez (94 Sup. Ct. 2655) And The Constitutionality of Disenfranchising Ex-felons. New England L. Rev. 10:477-92, Spring 1976

Rights of Prisoners While Incarcerated, Buff. L. Rev. 15:397 (1965)

Tennessee Civil Disabilities: A Systematic Approach, Tenn. L. Rev. 41:253-310, Winter 1974

The Equal Protection Clause as a Limitation on the States' Power to Disfranchise Those Convicted of a Crime, Rutgers L. Rev. 21:297 Winter 1967

The Ex-Convict's Right to Vote, So. Calif. L. Rev. 40:148 1967

The Michigan Constitution of 1963; Exclusion From Voting, Wayne L. Rev. 10:309 (1964)

Voting Booth With Steel Bars: Prisoners Voting Rights And O'Brien v. Skinner (94 Sup. Ct. 740) Capital U. L. Rev. 3:245-65 1975

Voting

Equal Protection

Prisoners' Rights To Vote By Absentee Ballot Or Special Procedures. Cornell L. Rev. 59: 1139-60 Ag. 1974

Enclosed in response to your request are the general state

statutes which authorize an arresting officer to issue a citation or

1/

summons in lieu of further detention. We are also including those
state statutory provisions which authorize a similar procedure limited
2/
to arrests for possession of small amounts of marijuana. We have

1/ Alaska Stat. § 12.25.180; Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 133903; Cal. Penal Code § 853.6; Colo. Rev. Stat. § 16-2-104; Del. Code Ann. tit. 11 § 1907; Fla. Stat. Ann. § 901.28; Ill. Ann. Stat. ch. 38 107-12; Ind. Stat. Ann. § 35-1-17-7; Iowa Code Ann. § 805.1; Kan. Stat. Ann. § 22-2408; Ky. Rev. Stat. § 431.015; La. Code Crim. Pro. Ann. art. 211; Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 764.9c; Minn. Stat. Ann. R. Crim. Pro. 6.01; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-422; Nev. Rev. Stat. § 171. 177; N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 594:14; N.M. Stat. Ann. § 31-1-6; Ohio R. Crim. Pro. 4.1; Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 22 § 209; Ore. Rev. Stat. § 133.045; R. I. Gen. Laws § 12-7-11; Utah Code Ann. § 77-11-6.

2/ Miss. Code § 41-29-139(d)(2);

150.75.

N.Y. Crim. Pro. Law §

not included statutory references to those provisions which authorize the issuance of a citation or summons solely for traffic violations or

statutes which authorize issuance of a summons by officials other than peace officers.

Charles Royle/ure

Charles Doyle
Legislative Attorney

[Editor's note: The enclosure, a reproduction of each of the provisions mentioned in the memorandum, is not being reproduced.]

SUBJECT:

November 26, 1979

Conspiracy Grading and Exclusions for Underlying Offenses
Requiring Multiple Participants

This is in response to your request for an examination of the state general conspiracy statutes to determine the extent to which (1) the statutory penalties refer to the crimes which are the objects of the conspiracy, and (2) the general conspiracy statutes exclude underlying offenses which can only be committed by concerted action.

The penalty provisions of state conspiracy statutes usually

1/

take one of three forms.. They punish conspiracy in the same manner as the underlying of offense. They punish conspiracy as a crime one grade

1/ Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-1003; Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-2-206; Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 53a-51; Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 705-526; Idaho Code § 181701; Ind. Stat. Ann. § 35-41-5-2; Md. Ann. Code art. 27 § 8; Mont. Rev. Codes Ann. § 94-4-102; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 28-202; N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 629:3; N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:504; N. D. Cent. Code §§ 12.1-06-04 Ore. Rev. Stat. § 161.450; Pa. Stat. Ann. tit. 18 § 905; R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-1-6 (but maximum not to exceed 10 years); Wis. Stat. Ann. § 939.31.