ship. One and a half miles west of Fredericksburg, on James Dobbins' farm, the ore vein is four feet thick.

Clinton, Canaan and Wooster Townships Coal Measure.

The coal measure of Clinton and Canaan townships is limited, and chiefly consists of extensions of the carboniferous sand rock usually overlying the coal strata-continuations of which are also found in the eastern and southern portions of Wooster and the north-east corner of Congress townships, resting upon the Waverly.

Though the coal measure extends into Wooster township, coal is entirely absent, the coal measure sand rock only appearing in the highlands east and south of Wooster, resting upon the Waverly. Coal does not seem to exist in this county west of Wooster, except an outcrop of a thin vein of impure bituminous coal in section 14, Plain township, where many years ago it was, to a limited extent, taken out of the side of a ravine on the David Dodd and Nathan Smith farms. The coal was near the surface and covered with earth.

The absence of coal in Wooster and the western townships of Wayne county is readily accounted for when the character of the coal basin and dip of the coal measure is properly considered. A western extension of the coal strata of the eastern coal mines of this county would rise high above the highlands west of Wooster. Taking the coal measure sand rock east and south of Wooster as a guide, it will readily appear that coal need not be looked for west of Wooster.

THE ROCKS.

The rocks of this county consist of several grades of sand stones, shales, and two orders of limestone. Prof. M. C. Reed, in his geological report of this county, gives a section, showing the various strata from coal No. 7 at Mt. Eaton, including the Waverly, to the bed of Salt creek, at Fredericksburg, a copy of which is here produced as Fig. 2. This section gives a general idea not only of the coal measure, but of the rock structure of the county. The location of this section is well selected, as in it is

resting upon the conglomerate, which overlies the Waverly.

A sort distance north of the limits of the city of Wooster, at the Reddick stone quarry, about 25 feet of vertical thickness of the Waverly sandstone is exposed. It is here, as well as in many other places in the county, the surface rock, especially in the townships west of Wooster. As a general rule it is a sandy shale of a gray color, and not well adapted to building purposes, owing to its shaly character. It is exposed in the banks of the

main streams, and crops out in the highway south of Wooster, on Robinson Hill, where a patch of conglomerate intervenes between the Waverly and the coal measure sandstone.

The Waverly exists in all the hills east of the city of Wooster, to the summit ridge between Wooster and Massillon. It is exposed along the line of the railroad, the Alfred J. Thomas farm and the Smithville Summit; and in the hills east of Apple creek to the base of the summit ridge, near the Daniel W. Bair tract. In this summit ridge is a thin outcrop of conglomerate underlying the supposed coal on the Bair farm. Under the conglomerate is the Waverly sandstone. Above the conglomerate and coal seam is the coal sand rock, which is fine-grained, and an excellent building stone. West of Wooster, on the John A. Lawrence farm, the Waverly comes to the surface in the highway. North of this, on the Warner farm, it appears in the cliffs skirting the small stream, in considerable mass. It is exposed in the banks of the Clear creek, Christmas run, Little Killbuck, and in the Big Killbuck, from the Eicher farm, west of Wooster, at the crossing, to Burbank. At the latter place it is more sandy and massive, and has been used for building purposes with some success.

The rocks underlying the exposed Waverly on the Eicher farm, have been well ascertained by the deep boring for oil by the Wooster Oil Company, to the depth of 509 feet, as is shown by section Fig. 3, which is a copy of the register kept by William McIntire, who superintended the drilling. The strata of this section seems to vary from the general order of structure, the Berea grit sandrock being separated by a coarse gray sand and shaly rock, and the shale, underlying the Berea grit rock, is in two sections.

Coal Measure Sandstone.

This formation, known as the carboniferous sand rock of the coal measure, is, in many instances, massive, and frequently found occupying the place of the coal strata in mass, and in horseback protrusions. It is co-extensive with the coal measure of Wayne

131 county, its outcrop extending westward of the coal strata into Canaan, Wayne, Clinton, Plain, Chester, and Congress townships. The building stone of the Kauke, Coe and Wallace quarries east of the city of Wooster, are of this formation, which varies in thickness, very materially thinning out to the westward in the hills east of Wooster. In Chippewa township it is 56 feet thick; in East Union even more massive; also in Baughman, near Marshallville; while at the Burton mine, near Fairview, it is only ten feet in thickness.

Shales.

The shales of the coal measure of this county are not uniform, in many instances very thin, and frequently entirely absent. In sections Figs. 2 and 3 the respective positions of the shales are shown. Coal No. I is overlaid by a stratum of black shale, which varies from a few inches to 15 feet in thickness. In some instances a thin vein of iron ore intervenes between it and the sandstone. Coal No. 2 is limited in this county, and of no economic value when present, the seam being only a few inches in thickness, the sandstone generally cutting it out. A striking example of this is witnessed in the massive sand rock near Massillon, which ranges in thickness from 40 to 100 feet, and is noted as a superior building stone throughout the county. Shales usually accompany all the coal seams, though coal No. 3 is often found overlaid by the blue limestone. Coal No. 6 is roofed by black shale, and coal No. 7 is covered by a thin layer of shale, but which is of no consequence as a roof support.

Limestones.

The limestones of this county are confined to Sugarcreek, East Union, Paint, Saltcreek, Franklin and Plain townships. There are three orders of limestone: The impure sandy shale rock, found above coal No. 1, underlying the coal sand rock; the blue, above coal No. 3; and the gray, below coal No. 6, and also above it, as at Charles Brown's mine, where the coal is directly overlaid by the gray limestone.