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of the General Government. And we believe they will, as soon as fierce partisan warfare shall give place to an era of good feeling, thus admitting of the co-operation of Northern capital and labor, which alone are necessary for the development of resources, in order to place the Southern States again firmly on their feet.

WORKING FOR MONEY.

THE statement that "the laborer is worthy of his hire" is not only trite, but it is also Scriptural; and he who ignores this principle is not only unwise but UNJUST. If" the wages of sin is death," the wages of honest toil is bread and life. Money simply represents labor performed, or property of some sort. He who produces nothing and earns nothing, does no good in the world; he simply lives on the earnings of others; is worse than a drone in the great human hive. Any institution or order of society which stigmatizes honest labor as degrading, or as something to be avoided, carries its own curse with it. "For this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat." So said St. Paul. There are idle and disorderly persons among us who “work not at all, but are busybodies." Such should be exhorted and induced to earn their own living. It is energizing and ennobling to earn the wherewith to develop our faculties, clothe our bodies, contribute to the unfortunate, build school-houses, churches, public libraries, industrial institutes, asylums, hospitals, and the like. For every dollar a man invests in any of these he feels the richer in all the attributes of a true and noble manhood. Oh, the blessing of giving! And the way to obtain the blessing is to earn it. The poor weakwilled, self-indulgent do-nothings never have anything to give, except what they beg from the more industrious and enterprising. They don't know, poor things, what they were created for. So far, to them, life has been in vain. They wait for some thrifty person to take them up and carry them into sweet Elysian fields, where they may dwell in luxurious idleness. What husbands and fathers, what wives and mothers, such worthless creatures make!

Reader, do you remember the first dime or dollar you ever earned? Why do you remember it? Because of the satisfaction it produced. You earned it. It was the result of your own personal exertion. It was yours, and a part of you. It was your first taste of liberty, independence, power. What a luxury! What a stimulant! How all-engaging! The idea of wealth becomes absorbing. Is there no short road to riches? Tell, O tell me how to make money quickly! Ah, here is the danger. If the parent failed to teach his child something of the true uses of money; if he permitted him to become a warped money-lover for its own sake-a money-worshiper-through inordinate acquisitiveness, he will just as certainly become a mean, selfish, sordid miser, a gambler, or a thief! Money is to be desired only as a means, and it is so much better to earn than

to inherit it. "Easily obtained, as easily lost," is the rule.

Begging comes of poverty and low natures. A dignified, manly man "would rather starve than beg," while imported paupers take to begging as ducks take to water. They are born to it. It is the result of monarchical institutions, wherein the few own all the land, monopolize all the water, rule and control the labor. It is cruel slavery, under another name-subjects-and produces the "class" denominated peasants.

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Here, in America, we grow no human fungus. Those we have are either imported direct, or they are the immediate offspring of such. They compose our whisky rings, our Dead Rabbits," "Short Boys," "Plug Uglys," and other villainous, vagabond classes. Our dancehouses, streets, poor-houses, and prisons swarm with them. They are human wharf rats, baggage smashers, thieves, burglars, robbers, murderers. They work from compulsion-never from choice. In their own country they were kept at the point of starvation, having no hopeful prospects to encourage them, and they became the poor creatures we sec. Here they may earn money, accumulate a competency, and, with industry and "temperate habits," get ahead in the world. And they do. Consider the millions of dollars sent by laborers, from America, to relatives in the "Old Country." Here they can make and save money. Here they can secure houses of their own, and put their children in a way to be educated, elevated, and placed on a rising scale. Let whisky and tobacco alone; buy good books and read them; join a temperance society; come under religious influences; and the course of each one will be “onward and upward."

But there are higher considerations than working for money. Riches do not secure happiness. He alone grows in the excellences of God's grace who rises above the love of money and develops the higher faculties and sentiments. It is the exercise of these which brings peace. One must be honest, kindly, honorable, forgiving, trusting, and godly if he would stand on the highest human plane. Riches, honor, ambition, love of art, poetry, music, home, and even the social affections, must all be subordinated to the moral, spiritual, religious sense. It must be God first, humanity next, and worldly affairs last. He who earns or acquires the most money, like the man with the most talents, will be held all the more accountable for its right use. Man may not live to himself alone. Great riches and great talents are great powers, and when rightly used bring happiness to all; but when prostituted to base purposes, only sink their possessor in the esteem of his fellows, and bring ruin on those who participate in their use. The money of the gambler curses all who use it in that way. Our study should be, to know the real value of money, and to use it wisely; to understand our own abilities, and to exercise them for the good of mankind; to learn the laws of our being, and obey them; to find out the will of God, and do it.

GEOLOGY NO SCIENCE. THE Rev. Robert Patterson, D.D., is writing a series of articles in the Family Treasurea handsome monthly, published in Cincinnati -on Physiology, Phrenology, Geology, etc., in which he tells his readers what he "doesn't know" and what he "doesn't believe." He takes the negative of every question, as naturally as another takes the affirmative. He will not admit anything to be true which he doesn't understand. We did this reverend doctor of divinity-some men are woefully misplaced in this world-the honor to show him up in our August number. But here he is again, scolding away as glibly as ever. This time he is after the geologists, with a sharp stick. He says "geological theories can never rise above the rank of notions." Then he goes on to state what can not be done, what men can not know; as for example, "Geologists have no knowledge of the facts essential to the erection of a science of geology." Again: "The profound ignorance out of whose abysses geological theories arise, is well exhibited by the most learned of the physical geographers, Humboldt." "No materials exist for framing any history of the geological periods." Geology, as defined by its professors, is a science impossible to short-lived mortals." Yes, but may not the present generation profit by the teachings of those who have gone before? and may not future generations take hold where the present leave off, and thus augment the sum-total of this and other kinds of knowledge? On this very point he says:

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This is by no means possible. The co-ordination and comparison of all the facts must be the work of a single mind capacious enough to contain them all. The fair face of nature can not be reflected truly in a mirror composed of a thousand fragments. But the question at present is one of facts, not of future possibilities. Have geologists now any such accumulation of facts as would warrant the construction of the science of the structure of the earth? Have they examined, or even seen the strata whose formations they describe? Is it even possible for mortal man to achieve what they allege their science demands?

Alas! science of such a vast subject is impossible, and our geological authorities ought certainly to acknowledge the impossibility, and refrain from making such enormous demands upon the credulity of the people. They should reflect that common sense [We wonder what he means by "common sense"] sees as far into a millstone as philosophy. Its conclusion upon reading the enormous pretensions of geologists, and comparing them with their very slender performances, probably will be, not that geologists have procured a lease of life of antediluvian longevity, nor that they have attained to a systematical omniscience, but that the utmost they can boast is a very superficial second-hand knowledge of a very small part of the earth's surface, and a very cursory glance at a much smaller part of it. This is all that even the first-class geologists-Miller, or Murchison, or Lyell, or Dana, or Agassiz-can produce as the materials for a science; all the rest is mere assumption-scientific poetry, if you will, but not science. Geology would rank well as a department of mythology.

So, down with geology, and up with Patterson. He has smashed all their fine theories, and remains what he is, the iconoclast of the natural sciences.

OUR LIST OF PREMIUMS.

In addition to a monthly magazine, which is richly worth its price, we now offer to those who may send us new subscriptions, valuable and useful premiums. As this JOURNAL is essentially useful and substantial in its general character, so the premiums named are of a useful and substantial sort. Many, to be sure, lay claim to the character of ornamental, but their decoration is but an attractive accessory to their utility. We offer no worthless frippery-no mean "pinchbeck ware" or sham jewelry;" but appreciating more highly the mental tone of our readers, we invite their consideration to a short programme, which is thought to include things adapted to the tastes and wants of every well-ordered household and of every right-minded individual. As regards the liberal terms we make in this "premium business," we invite comparison with other magazine inducements.

TABLE OF PREMIUMS.
Names of Articles.

Cash Value.

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No. Sub's. at $3 ea.

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16. Rosewood Writing Desk, furnished. 17. Webster's Illust'd Quarto Dictionary 18. Irving's Life of Washington, 5 vols.. 19. Mitchell's General Atlas, folio...... 20. Student's Set of Phren'l Works..... 21. Universal Clothes Wringer... 22. "Bruen Cloth Plate," for Sewing Machines.......

23. Stereoscope, Rosewood, 12 fine views 24. New Physiognomy, Illustrated...... 25. Weaver's Works, in one vol....... 26. Hand-Book-How to Write, Talk, Behave, and Do Business..

27. Life in the West, new....

14 00.... 9 12 00.... 9 12 00.... 9 12 50.... 8 10 00.... 8 10 00.... 7 9 00.... 7

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2 25.... 2 2.00.... 2 Our own books may be substituted in all cases for any other premium, if preferred.

The articles enumerated are the best of their several kinds. The "Belles Lettres" set of Irving comprises "Knickerbocker," "Tales of a Traveler," "Wolfert's Roost," Crayon Miscellany," "Bracebridge Hall," "Alhambra," "Oliver Goldsmith," "Sketch Book," all elegantly bound.

Persons wishing our own publications instead of the promiscuous choice offered, will be permitted to select for themselves from our fullest catalogues. In this connection, we would say that lists of any number of new subscribers exceeding ten will entitle the sender to a liberal selection from our catalogue.

Hepworth Dixon; Wilkie Collins; Rev. Dr. Cummings, the Prophetic Man. The number of illustrations is large, some single articles embodying half a dozen or more illustrations; the portraits, especially, are carefully engraved, and form an important feature in the work. In character, quality and price, we are satisfied the Annual for 1869 will sustain a favorable comparison with any like publication of the day.

As we offer premiums for new subscribers, it | Cousin, the French Philosopher; Dry Bones; may seem an injustice to present subscribers who may intend to renew their interest, if we do not exhibit some liberality toward them; therefore we say that each present subscriber who sends us a new name with his or her own (inclosing, of course, the requisite $6), will receive the valuable hand-book, "The Right | Word in the Right Place," or the illustrated "Pope's Essay on Man," which sells for $1. We also offer the same premium to persons who subscribe to the JOURNAL for two years in advance at the regular rate.

In the general competition for premiums, two old subscribers will be counted as one new subscriber, and the premiums awarded accordingly to parties sending us lists at the full rate.

The "New Encyclopedia" (Chambers') offered is a handsome octavo edition, finely illustrated, and beyond peradventure one of the most valuable works of the kind extant.

It is scarcely necessary to say that the pianos and parlor organs on our list are acknowledged among the best manufactured in the world.

The Mason and Hamlin cabinet organ offered as premium No. 2 is a five octave double reed instrument with four stops, having their new and very valuable improvements introduced this season, viz., "Mason & Hamlin's Improved Vox Humana," and "Monroe's Improved Reeds."

The Bruen cloth plate is a valuable contrivance for embroidering on sewing-machines. When attached to Wheeler & Wilson's, it makes the Grover & Baker stitch, a desideratum in embroidery by machine.

Who will have these premiums? They are freely offered to all, and will be promptly sent to the parties entitled to them.

Clubs may be made up of subscribers residing at one or a hundred different post-offices.

REMITTANCES should be made in post-office orders, bank checks, or drafts payable to the order of S. R. WELLS, New York.

THE COMING ANNUAL.

FOR NEXT YEAR!

IT seems rather early to put out announcements for the year 1869; but "time flies," and we must fly to keep up. In the present number of the A. P. J. we give a list of PREMIUMS, the value of which will make it worth while to work for them. It has given us real pleasure to send out beautiful pianos, melodeons, sewing machines, and whole libraries of books to all parts of the country.

THE BEST. None but the best articles of their kind are sent; i. e., nothing second-hand, cheap, or inferior is ever sent by us. We aim to secure the best of the kind in every instance.

At first we hesitated about offering watches, fearing we could not secure good time-keepers, and that disappointments would sometimes occur. But we have arranged with the manufacturers; and are enabled to offer two sizesfor gentlemen and for ladies-silver and gold hunting cases of a beautiful pattern, and warranted accurate time-keepers.

Other premiums in the list will be appreciated by those who need them. We frankly admit that our object is to increase the circulation of this JOURNAL. We give the profits in premiums to those who do the work and forward us the subscribers.

THE JOURNAL will be richly worth its full price to every subscriber. It is now a good time to begin to form clubs for 1869. early bird," etc., you know.

"An

TRUE NOBLENESS lies in a deep and pure generosity of the soul. Even common human

OUR ANNUAL for 1869 is now in press, and will soon be ready for general circulation. Weity pities the wretched. Ordinary attainments

have striven to make it valuable as an instrument of good by introducing fresh, original articles of a practical bearing on all the leading

interests of the times. As our Annuals from year to year have steadily improved in quality and grown in public favor, we have experienced

no apprehensions lest our efforts at a still further improvement in that of 1869 should not

in the Christian life may induce men to labor even for the conversion of souls. Such labor ments of littleness. A great sermon may come may move side by side with many of the eleout of a heart largely swayed by small ambitions, which would redden or pale with pain

at another's praise. A deed may be generous only to be called so. A man may be soft and

meet with a cordial welcome and a liberal pa- yielding only the better and the more certainly

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to cover himself with the praise of his friends. True nobleness, in addition to high impulses and breadth of aim, must be unselfish; it must follow in the right cause even where a personal adversary leads; it must be able to smile from the very heart at the success of a rival; it must not feel itself the poorer for another's riches, nor the meaner for another's exaltation. Such generosity is serenity; it is heavenly sweetness; it is at once royal and lowly; it is divine charity, and, therefore, liberty-" the perfect law of liberty?" "blessed in its deed."

JOHN LAIRD,

THE BRITISH SHIP-BUILDER.

He

to mischief and bring trouble upon the entire family.

BIOGRAPHY.

Now that the claims of the United States on England, for damages sustained during the war by the operations of rebel privateers alleged to have been built, armed, and equipped in English docks, are being urged, it is proper for us to furnish our readers with some account of the man who was conspicuously connected with the construction of "rebel rams" and ironclads.

THE mental-motive temperament predominates in this organization. The body is long and slim, the head and face are the same, and there is evidently more mental activity than physical vitality, a condition likely to render one nervous, restless, and impatient. is disposed to sympathize more with troubled waters than with those at rest; to stir up and agitate, simply from the love of agitation. There is no peace in that countenance; it is expressive of a hungry, ambitious, excitable mind. He needs, greatly needs, the modifying in- navigation since 1821, his father having been fluences of more physical vitality-a bodily condition more in keeping with the English type.

There is little warmth or geniality here, but much will, temper, and personality; he would be cold and authoritative rather than warm and gentle.

As to his capabilities. So far as management is concerned, there can be no doubt that he would be far more efficient in selfish enterprises than in missionary work, at home or abroad. He looks more like a feelingless schoolmaster than like a statesman, more like one who would seek to realize his own personal desires than to contribute voluntarily to the happiness of others. In short, it is the face of a cold, calculating, criticising, fault-finding, nervous, proud-spirited, willful, and opinionated man. He may be missed-will he be mourned?-when he dies. He would evidently have made a sharp lawyer; something of a soldier; a capital driver or overseer, as he is good at scheming and projecting; but not a popular captain or hotel keeper; not a self-sacrificing friend like John Howard or Father Mathew; not a laborer in the interest of the unfortunate, but one who would turn every opportunity to his own personal advantage. To him, the world is a great goose, made for him to pluck. And he has little or no compunction; we doubt if he ever confesses himself what he evidently is-a miserable sinner.

Such a temperament and disposition needs looking after. Children so constituted are apt to give much trouble by their pesky natures, and it is quite unsafe to leave them unrestrained; they need careful watching, lest they get in

John Laird, Esq., the present Member of Parliament for Birkenhead, England, was born in Greenock, Scotland, in the year 1805. He received his education at the Royal Institution, Liverpool, and early devoted himself to commercial pursuits.

John Laird has been connected with steam

one of the originators of the St. George's Steam Packet Company and the Dublin Steam Navigation Company, formed at that time. His

PORTRAIT OF JOHN LAIRD.

father, William Laird, commenced the Birkenhead Ironworks in 1824, and the first iron vessel built at these works was in 1829. But iron ship-building did not make any great progress for ten years or more after that date. Shipowners were loth to adopt iron vessels, and great difficulty was experienced in persuading even enterprising men to embark in the then almost new invention. In 1839, however, the English Admiralty ordered the first iron steam vessel for her Majesty's service from Mr. Laird, and since that time iron vessels have grown more and more into favor. It was at the Birkenhead Ironworks that the first iron vessels for the United States, for the River Indus, for the Nile, Euphrates, Tigris, and other important rivers of the East, were built. The first steam-frigate ever constructed for the British Admiralty was also built therethe Birkenhead, of 1,400 tons and 560 horsepower. From 1829 to the present time, nearly

four hundred vessels, of a total gross tonnage of upward of 150,000 tons, have been constructed at Laird's establishment.

From two to three thousand men are continually employed there, and a large number of vessels are constantly in process of construction. A portion of the immense works are set apart for engine and boiler making, where a large number of marine engines are built, of sizes varying from 80 to 450 horsepower.

The town of Birkenhead, which lies across the River Mersey, opposite Liverpool, of which it is really a suburb, owes much of its prosperity to the success of Mr. Laird as a shipbuilder. Birkenhead is to Liverpool what Brooklyn is to New York, and has grown rapidly in extent and population. In 1821 it had a population of only 200; in 1831, 2,569; in 1841, of 8,223; and in 1861, numbered 36,000 inhabitants.

The Birkenhead docks were first projected by William, the father of John Laird, in 1827; but the corporation of Liverpool having purchased all the property, to prevent the carrying out of his plans, no progress was made until 1844, when the commissioners of Birkenhead brought a bill into the English Parliament for constructing docks at Wallasey Pool. Many difficulties attended this scheme, but in 1857 Parliament decided to amalgamate the docks on both sides of the river in one trust, called the Mersey Docks and Harbor Board, giving power to the Government to nominate four members of that board. Mr. J. Laird was the first appointed by Government, and has continued in office since the Act came into force.

The first Act for forming a local body for managing the affairs of Birkenhead was passed in 1833. Mr. J. Laird was one of the commissioners named under that Act, and he has occupied the post of chairman of the commission, with the exception of a very short time, ever since.

Mr. Laird is a Deputy-Lieutenant and magistrate for the county of Chester, a member of the council of the National Rifle Association, and Deputy - Chairman of the County of Chester Rifle Association. He has taken an active part in the volunteer movement since its start in 1859, and has three artillery companies formed among his workmen, consisting of 70 men in each company, or 210 in all, his eldest son and partner, Mr. William Leird, jun., being Captain Commandant.

In 1861, Mr. Laird was elected Member of Parliament for Birkenhead, being the first representative sent from that place to the House of Commons.

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DR. GALL'S WORKS.-We are receiving many thanks for the suggestion published in the June number relative to the republication of the complete works of the founder of Phrenologynot enough subscribers, however, to warrant the great outlay. It will require at least one thousand subscribers, at $10 each, to warrant us in undertaking the enterprise.

MR. MILL AND PHRENOLOGY.

[We were recently shown a letter addressed by Mr. Andrew Boardman to an English friend who is on intimate terms with John Stuart Mill, from which we have been permitted to extract the following.]

I WATCHED With much interest the struggle to elect Mr. Mill to Parliament, and was gratified at the success which you had so much at heart, for I have for him profound respect, and yet I have not read anything for a long time at which I felt more hurt than I did on reading his contemptuous remarks on Phrenology in his article on the Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte in the Westminster Review. Of course I do not object to Mr. Mill not believing in Phrenology. If it be true, it is to him a misfortune not to know it. My objection is to the tone and spirit of his remarks: "And what organon for the study of the moral and intellectual functions does M. Comte offer in lieu of the direct mental observation which he repudiates. We are almost ashamed to say that it is Phrenology." This is very like an invitation by Mr. Mill to his readers to join him in a contemptuous sneer, and coming from such a man will inflict a severe wound on a number of highly intellectual and most sincere men than the attacks of a whole mob of writers such as once howled through Blackwood's pages the cry of "infernal idiots."

In his work on Liberty, Mr. Mill says it would be well if one person would honestly point out to another that he thinks him in fault without being considered unmannerly or presuming. Relying on this, I should, if I had the honor of being acquainted with Mr. Mill, be likely to say to him," Allow me to say to you, that in writing thus of Phrenology you are in fault. I take the liberty of expressing my opinion, that you have never read the works of Gall, for I believe that no such man as you could rise from reading them with any other conviction than that he was a keen and cautious observer, a profound thinker, and an honest, earnest, painstaking man, whose labors and conclusions ought never to be mentioned in any but courteous and respectful language. In the next place, you do not allege or say anything from which it may be inferred that you have investigated the question whether there is such relation between specific mental manifestations and the development of particular parts of the brain as to warrant the belief that the brain is a congeries of organs, each organ having a specific intellectual or emotional function. Now, if you have not made such investigation, can you justify yourself in treating contemptuously the convictions of such men as Gall, Spurzheim, Combe, Broussais, Caldwell, Vimont, Ellis, Hunter, Gregory, Otto, and others, who say they have carefully and laboriously investigated the subject, and have found that such relation does exist. I submit, too, for your consideration, whether, independently of its claims as the true physiology of the brain, a system ought to be so slightingly treated of which so high an authority as Archbishop Whately said it 'employs a metaphysical nomenclature far more logical, accurate,

and convenient than Locke, Stewart, and other writers of their schools.' But beyond all this, I must express the conviction, not only that you have not investigated the subject, but that you have not attentively read any work of authority on the subject. I found my conviction on this: You attribute to Phrenology the rejection of the observation of internal consciousness; now, no warrant for such statement can be found in any such work. The necessity of psychological observation is in all such works insisted on in connection with careful observation of the development of the brain. It is the phrenologists' method of discovering and proving the relation between mental manifestation and cerebral development. You have, therefore, committed the grave fault of misrepresenting Phrenology, and then sneering at it. Pray, do you not concede that the brain is the organ of the mind? If so, then are not its organization and mode of action among the most important of problems? and are not those persons who devote themselves in a careful, truthloving spirit to the solution of those problems worthy of respectful consideration ?"

Such would be my language to Mr. Mill if our relations were such as to allow me to address him, and in saying this to him I should have in view but one object, that of leading his own just mind to consider candidly the weight due to what I have said, that the remarks might influence his course for the future.

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN is situated in Ann Arbor, on the Michigan Central Railway, 37 miles west of Detroit. There are three main Departments of the University, as follows: the Department of Science, Literature, and the Arts; the Department of Medicine and Surgery; the Department of Law.

THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS is devoted to general instruction and discipline. The studies are arranged so as to constitute six courses of study, as follows: the Classical Course, the First Scientific Course, the Second Scientific Course, the Latin and Scientific Course, the Course in Civil Engineering, the Course in Mining Engineering. The Degrees conferred for these courses respectively are, for the first, A.B.; for the second, third, and fourth, B.S.; for the fifth, C.E.; and for the last, M.E. Students who do not wish to pursue either of the above courses, if they are prepared to enter the University, may pursue selected studies, for such a length of time as they may choose. Those who desire it may pursue a special course in Analytical Chemistry, having regular work in the Laboratory.

THE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY presents all the advantages of a fully furnished and first-class Medical School. The instruction is carried on mostly by lectures, and the students are enabled, by availing themselves of the advantages presented, to compose the theses and pass the examinations which

are to test their scholarship and prove them worthy of graduating as Doctors of Medicine. THE DEPARTMENT OF LAW presents all the facilities that can be desired in a Law School of the highest character.

The number of students during the year closing July 1st, 1868, was as follows: Department of Science, Literature, and the Arts, 418; Department of Medicine and Surgery, 418; Department of Law, 387. Total, 1,223. The number of graduates during the year was as follows; Bachelor of Arts, 34; Bachelor of Science, 5; Civil Engineer, 11; Mining Engineer, 6; Master of Arts, 14; Master of Science, 2; Doctor of Medicine, 80; Bachelor of Laws, 152. Total, 304.

The fund of the University is derived from the sale of lands granted by Congress to the State for that purpose, from which the salaries of the Professors are paid, and hence the charges made to students are very small. It has an excellent library, a medical museum, a museum of natural history, minerals, geology, and the fine arts,-all accessible to the students.

EXPENSES.

The only charges made by the University are: to residents in Michigan, an admission fee of ten dollars; to those who come from other States or countries, an admission fee of twenty-five dollars; and to every student an annual payment of ten dollars. The admission fee is paid but once, and entitles the student to the privileges of permanent membership in any Department of the University.

There are no dormitories and no commons connected with the University. Students obtain board and lodging in private families. Clubs are also formed by which the price of board is much reduced. The usual price paid for board in private families, during the past year, has varied from $3 to $6 a week. In the Medical Department a fee of $5 is assessed for the use of the Dissecting Room to those who avail themselves of its advantages. No graduation fee is required, except $3 to pay the actual expense of the parchment.

ADMISSION.

Each candidate for admission shall exhibit to the Faculty satisfactory evidence of a good moral and intellectual character, a good English education, including a proper knowledge of the English language, and a respectable acquaintance with its literature, and with the art of composition; a fair knowledge of the natural sciences, and at least of the more elementary mathematics, including the chief elements of algebra and geometry, and such a knowledge of the Latin language as will enable him to read current prescriptions, and appreciate the technical language of the natural sciences and of medicine.

MEDICINE.

[As to the controversy between the Allopathic and the Homeopathic systems of practice we have nothing to do. Each individual is at liberty to select for himself, when ill, the mode of treatment he prefers. He may indulge in

large doses, little doses, or no doses at all. We are frank to confess we like the latter mode the best. Here is what the Michigan University authorities say for themselves:]

In consequence of an Act of the Legislature of Michigan at its last session, granting aid to the University on the condition that a Professor of Homeopathy should be introduced into the Medical Department, much agitation and annoyance have been experienced by its friends; but the Faculty are now happy to announce to the medical profession and all the friends of legitimate medicine, that the Board of Regents, who control the University, at a recent meeting resolved, with but a single dissenting vote, that under no circumstances should such professor be introduced into the Medical College at Ann Arbor; and the Supreme Court of the State having since decided that all previous action of the Board making provision for the establishment of a School of Homeopathy at another place is not a compliance of the law, and such action thus becoming null and void, the Faculty are enabled to assure the profession that the Medical Department of the University of Michigan is entirely free from the remotest connection with Homeopathy-that its curriculum will not be changed, and that it will remain, as heretofore, unaffected by any form of irregular teaching or practice.

[Still, Homeopathy, Hydropathy, Eclecticism, and other schools, have their adherents. In America we have no established sect in religion nor in medicine; all sects and all schools are free to worship and to practice as they please.

The Michigan University is doing a grand work for the West, and we wish it the best possible success. Each State throughout the Union should follow this example and establish a University. Those who are influential in this great and good work will deserve well of the present and future generations. New York is justly proud of her EZRA CORNELL, whose name is sure to be numbered among the BENEFACTORS of the race. Give Americans education, with which to direct their energy and enterprise, and they will set the world ahead.]

WHAT IS GENIUS?

BY VIRGINIA MADISON.

IN the world's history-through all the six thousand of its existence-there have been years comparatively very few of those singularly precious characters that all men acknowledge great.

Human greatness, humanly considered, is at best but little more than a relative term, and wholly dependent upon relative consideration. Passion and prejudice have very much greater control over the estimate of men and events than reason and judgment.

"Some men are born great; some achieve greatness; And some have greatness thrust upon them," is one of those truisms of Shakspeare which takes in effect the form of a proverb, and if considered proverbial, must give rise to the question, "What is genius?"

Is it talent? Almost every man is possessed of some peculiar talent which, if properly exercised, he may turn to account; and we have the authority of Holy Writ to prove that man

is held responsible for the cultivation and improvement of his talent or talents; but this general bestowal of mental efficiency is not what is usually regarded as genius. It has been said that "genius is labor," by which perhaps is understood the education of the talent which may develop genius. But this interpretation sadly clips the wing of that rare inspiration, whose flight, "like the eagle's," is far above the clouds, and whose eyes are not blinded by gazing on the sun, and puts entirely to flight the almost universally conceded belief, that genius, in the literal and positive acceptation of the term, is an inherent, eccentric, extraordinary excellence bestowed by nature, and intended to illustrate the wisdom of nature's God in his dispositions and dispensations to men.

It is true, genius may exist and fail of recognition, unless to excite ridicule or suspicions of insanity. It may exist undiscovered beneath the vail of modesty or the weight of unfortunate or unhappy circumstances. It may exist and, if unexerted or uncultivated, be as useless for good as the "light under the bushel;" or it may gleam with the fitful and erratic flash of the meteor, and leave no trace by which to mark its track upon the firmament of mind. But where genius is developed with the energy which will break all bonds, it rises upon the mental horizion in planetary splendor, and around its possessor feebler satellites revolve and borrow brightness. Genius, like the comet laughing to scorn the established order of intellectual attainment, sometimes astonishes the earth as it mounts to Fame's zenith, and pales and hides feebler fixed stars in the glorious effulgence with which it sweeps across the firmament. Genius, then, is sometimes greatness, but greatness is not consequently genius.

USE OF THE PERCEPTIVES.-Not long ago the Canal Bank of New Orleans was robbed of $50,000. The skill and ingenuity of the detectives in discovering the robber was really wonderful. On visiting the bank soon after the robbery, they judged that the thief must be a tall man with long arms, to have taken the money from the spot where it had been deposited; and on a minute examination of the lower edge of the railing, upon which he must have stepped, they discovered the imprint of a tack. Hence they argued that the man evidently had worn a machine-made shoe or boot, as in these a steel tack or rivet is always driven about the center or just beyond the shank. The detectives immediately devoted themselves to the study of feet, hoping to catch a glimpse of a sole of a boot with a protruding tack. They sought long and vainly. At length one day in the City Hotel they observed a large man sitting in the readingroom with one foot on his knee, and endeavoring to bend down a tack in his boot with his pen-knife. He was tall, long-armed, and a tack protruded from his boot! It was but the work of a moment to arrest the man. He turned pale, and being taken to the policeoffice confessed his guilt.

FALLING ASLEEP.

BY MRS. WILKINSON.

WATCHING shadows coming, going,
Deeper here, and yonder thinner,
Softly creeping

As they go-
Flitting, creeping

To and fro

O'er the pale light's ghostly glimmer, To and fro,

To and fro,

Like the toiling of the spinner.

Weird-like visions, how we see them! Half-forgotten yesterdays

Passing, pause,

And pass again;
Come and go,
And come again

In a pale and dreamy haze,
Less and less,

Less and less, Swallowed up in nothingness!

CALIFORNIA "SOME PUMPKINS."

WE always liked California-her soft climate and rich soil; her cattle and horses; her rocks, ravines, big trees, and waterfalls! Her gold is rich; her silver is bright, and her grain is good. Now that we of the East are about to become near neighbors with her of the West, we are ready to sing praises to her mountains, and to her men, women, and children. Why not?

There, roses bloom in the open air at all seasons; grapes, oranges, figs, and olives grow in profusion, and all the products of the temperate zone are raised in crops scarcely paralleled elsewhere. The Sierra Nevada contains some of the finest scenery in the world, and the admirers of the Alps will soon be rushing westward to behold Mount Shasta, 14,440 feet high, and towering 7,000 feet above surrounding peaks, making as striking an object as the Matterhorn at Zermatt, which is about the same altitude and rises but 4,000 feet above the range about it. But in these American Alps, Mount Whitney equals in height Mont Blanc, lifting itself 15,000 feet, while it is surrounded by one hundred peaks, all above 13,000! And what can Europe show by the side of the Yo Semite Valley, with its perpendicular walls of 4,400 feet? In this grand range are the deposits of gold which have already yielded $850,000,000. But gold is not now the chief product of California, the yield being at present but $25,000,000 per year, which was equaled in value last year by the wheat crop, the exported surplus of which amounted to $13,000,000! The wool clip, too, amounted to 9,500,000 lbs. Mining is no longer the sole or characteristic occupation, but agriculture and manufactures receive equal attention, and the mining itself is carried on in a fixed, scientific manner, so that the State has now a permanent population, and in two years past has added twenty per cent. to its taxable property. In educational and religious respects similar progress is making. There are 238 newspapers and periodicals

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