www

rected his attention to the "coming man," as sagacious politicians term him, General Grant, and produced a portrait which connoisseurs pronounce a most faithful and finely executed likeness. This portrait has been engraved on steel by one of the best artists in America, and though but lately published is commanding a large sale.

Mr. Littlefield has also painted a portrait of President Lincoln, which is now being engraved in pure line, the size of life. Although we have not seen the production, we may infer from the recognized merits of his Grant," that it will sustain the artist's reputation. Those who have seen the portrait pronounce it a superb work of art. We understand that Mr. Littlefield is now engaged on a full-length portrait of General Grant, which, when completed, will probably be exhibited throughout the country. At a time when so much attention is given by the American mind to politics of a national character, and when the name inscribed on the banner of the dominant party is Grant, the artist, whose career has been briefly sketched, may "stump" as efficiently for that party through the proposed exhibition of his portrait of Grant, as he did in 1860 by personal efforts.

On Physiology.

A knowledge of the structure and functions of the human body should guide us in all our investigations of the various phenomena of Ilfe.-Cabanis.

My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge.-Hosea iv. 6.

USE LEGS AND HAVE LEGS.

[WE think the following excellent article on "Legs" is by Rev. Hugh Stowell Brown, of Liverpool. If not mistaken, it is out of one of his practical week-day evening discourses, such as he delivers before the people. We insert remarks in brackets.-ED.]

"Practice makes perfect." "The used key is always bright." "Drawn wells are seldom dry." The principle expressed by all these maxims is, that the healthy exercise of our faculties of mind and organs of body increases their power. This is true; and it is equally true that if we do not exercise them, their power will decline; for, as "to him that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance," SO from him that hath not, shall be taken away even that which he hath"-[i. e., we are to make the most of what advantages we have, for personal improvement and for the increase of means, etc.]

"Use legs and have legs." This is a maxim in regard to the muscular system; and without regarding it, no one can increase much in strength and activity. One can lift three hundred pounds with ease, another can scarcely move one hundred; one can run a mile in a few minutes, or walk forty miles a day without fatigue; another is dead beat with a run of a hundred yards, or with a walk of five miles. And, very often, the older man is stronger and more active than the younger,

the smaller than the larger, the heavier than the lighter. Whence this difference in strength and activity, a difference that often amounts to 300 per cent.? Of course, in many cases, and to a great extent, it is to be accounted for by the fact that one man is born with a much better constitution than another; but it is really astonishing to observe in how many instances, and to how great an extent, the difference is explained by the principle of using legs and having legs. Exercise often reverses the original relationship of two men, in the matter of muscular power. He who was originally the weaker becomes the stronger. The disadvantage of a feeble constitution is overcome by exercise, and the advantage of a strong constitution is lost by the neglect of exercise.

All do not come into the world with the same physical capacities; but all do not, through life, continue in the same ratio of inequality; and it is the use, or non-use of our powers that effects such alterations in their ratios.

We often speak, with profound pity, of those who have lost the use of their limbs; and by such persons we mean poor creatures who have been paralyzed, so that they can neither run, nor walk, nor stand. But such unfortunate beings are not the only people who have not the use of their limbs. The use of our limbs, their full, perfect use, is what very few of us possess. The probability is that most of us have not more than about one half the use of our limbs. [This is equally true in regard to our mental faculties. If used and educated, we should occupy a much higher plane in the scale of human existence.] Those who are not practiced gymnasts would do well to visit a gymnasium, and witness the feats that are performed there. In the running, the leaping, the jumping, the wrestling, the fencing, the climbing, the lifting of great weights, and throwing of heavy bodies, our non-athletic friends would see what the full use of legs really is; and the sight, without any attempt to perform such wonders, would convince them that, although, happily, not paralyzed, it is absurd to say that they have more than one half the use of their limbs-if, indeed, they have that. [Indolence is the parent of weakness and effeminacy; while energy, resolution, and perseverance build up the one who puts them to use.]

Most persons think that they are what God made them; and they will be startled and shocked to be told that this notion is decidedly doubtful. But it is more than doubtful, it is altogether erroneous; we are not, many of us, what God made us, but what we have made ourselves, through the use, or the non-use of the faculties which He bestowed upon us. It is surely very desirable that we should be, even physically, all that our Creator has rendered us capable of being; therefore let us, by careful culture, make the best use of what power remains to us, and, as far as possible, recover what we have lost. Upon young people especially, let us urge the duty of using legs as the only means of having legs,

LONGEVITY AND INTELLIGENCE

OF ANIMALS.

DR. J. V. C. Sигти read the following interesting paper before the American Institute Farmers' Club at a recent meeting. He said:

With a considerable degree of accuracy, naturalists have determined the ages of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, asses, mules, cats, dogs, and many others, so long ago, that it would be difficult to refer to those who are entitled to the most distinction for their industrious researches in that relation; and, further, experience of ages has proven the fact that their lives can not be much prolonged beyond the ordinary limit assigned by the laws of na ture, with the utmost effort of human inge nuity.

Among men there are individuals whose vital strength carries them further forward in age than others. It is not so frequently the case, however, with the lower animals. Oc casionally horses have attained 50 or 60 years. But such instances are extremely rare, and depend more on some original endowment in their organization than from any particular care bestowed upon them with a view to their greater longevity. A white mule in Virginia, belonging to Gen. Leighton, was 85 years old; it lived through three generations, and knew more about the work on the plantation than anybody else.

Dogs can not be kept alive much more than 20 years in any tolerable condition of health. Their vigor wanes; vision becomes exceedingly imperfect; and although the sense of smell is the last of the special senses to fail, if it ever does before death, they are reluctant to move from comfortable quarters, where they sleep most of the time. Dogs understand several languages, such as French, Italian, and Spanish. A dog on Fifth Avenue, in this city, understands only Italian. It is related that a yoke of oxen was killed in crossing a railroad, be cause one of them was French and did not understand his English driver. Poultry understand no language disconnected with feeding. Fish will come to feed at the ringing of a dinner-bell.

fall

When the domestic animals become agedwhich, with some of them, may be at 20 or 30 years-they lose flesh and strength. It is almost impossible to fatten them thus, as the food seems to be imperfectly digested. At least nutrition is defective, and gradually they have a lethargic appearance, and finally die without the indications of disease. This is a decay of life with them. In all the intermediate periods between youth and middle age, they may i victims to infectious maladies, injuries from combats, or excesses in gorging themselves after protracted fasts. No other excesses can be laid to the charge of dumb beasts, as they are controlled in other respects by instincts and by times and seasons which do not reduce their physical energies. They violate no laws of or that ganic life, without the exercise of reason, intellectual man does with all the consequences before him, and reason for a guide.

With this accumulated knowledge respecting animals intimately associated with man, which has the merit of being pretty accurate, it is rather surprising that more exact data have not | been established in regard to man himself. If

the greatest study of mankind, in Pope's day, was man, it is no less so now, when institutions have grown into public favor that ought to be able to decide upon the probable limits of life with more certainty than has hitherto characterized tables of expectancy, probable longev-❘ ity, and some other guess-work assumptions in the department of vital statistics.

With the records of centuries, and the collected observations of careful students who have earnestly interrogated nature with a hope of ascertaining how she gauges the lives of males and females, and by what signs the secret may be brought to light that will invariably point to the positive day of death, it is still too much left to conjecture and theoretical speculating.

By referring to Goldsmith's Natural History, a work quite obsolete and perhaps out of print, but which, nevertheless, abounds with curious statements, a pretty correct mortuary table may be found which chronicles the life-period of animals with which we are most familiar. It is quite evident, in the very constitution of things, long life was never intended for those which multiply rapidly and mature in one, two, or three years. Were they to exist as long as man, the surface of the earth would not accommodate the irresponsible myriads, nor food be produced in sufficient abundance to meet their necessities. It is therefore in accordance with a Divine arrangement, which contemplates the greatest amount of happiness for all, that a law of limitation fixes unalterable boundaries for life in all races, types, and forms of organized beings. To this decree man must submit. With such facts before us-and they have been recognized by learned naturalists for ages—it is strange indeed that it has not yet been ascertained to what length of life our own race may attain. Thomas Parr married at 80 for the first time, and lived to 152 years-left a grandson who died at 124. This demonstrates an actual transmission of vitality; but Henry Jenkins-a still more remarkable example of longevity in modern times-reached the patriarchal age of 169. But this by no means determines the duration of human life. It seems to have been a received opinion in the time of King David, that 70 years was the ordinary measure of human existence. Any years beyond are poetically represented as unsatisfactory and burdened with infirmities. The differ

ence, therefore, between the ages of the patriarchs of the Jewish nation and of men in the most flourishing period of Jewish nationality was very striking. Moses died at 110, and his natural forces, says the chronicle, were not abated.

Hufeland believed the duration of human life might be about 200 years. With an experience of 6,000 years, the problem is still an unsolved one; it has not been determined how long we could live.

We have settled the question respecting the length of life with domestic animals associated with man. Their days are specifically limited. They are quickly developed, and almost as rapidly fall into decay. Man's mission and ultimate destiny are so widely different, the laws governing his organic structure operate in conformity to a higher nature; the corporal lasts longer, that his intellect may be exercised for directing and controlling the mineral, vegetable, and animal kindoms-he being truly lord of all he surveys.

DOES HE DRINK?

WHEN riding in Central Park, New York, not long ago, two gentlemen were thrown from a carriage, and one of them-a distinguished politician-was instantly killed! A sensible and sympathizing lady, on hearing of the unfortunate event, instantly inquired, "Had they been drinking?" Yea, verily. They had been “dining and wining." They were imprudent enough to attempt, when in a state of partial inebriation, to drive a span of spirited horses! The wonder is that both horses and men had not been killed.

"DOES HE DRINK?" Then, no matter what accident happens, nobody is surprised. He was expected to come to a bad end. AccIDENTS are, nine times in ten, the results of drink. The man was tired, or sleepy,-he took a glass, and was run over by a railway train; or he lost his money, his hat, his coat, his boots, or his life.

"He was a promising boy; but, like his father, he took to drink, and was ruined."

He graduated at the head of his class, was an excellent scholar, but, in an evil hour, gave way to his appetite and is now a public pauper.

He was an only son; all the hopes of his fond parents were centered on him; but he became a drunkard, and is lost! lost!! lost!!!

Charlie was a handsome fellow,-popular with all the lads and lasses; but-ah, that fatal "but"-DRINK sent him to an untimely grave, and bowed the heads of his bereaved parents with unutterable sorrow for his heartless conduct and his impenitent folly and sin.

Reader, cast about for a moment, and in your own experience recount the human wrecks which lie stranded on the coast of time! There was handsome William, stately Henry, plucky John, benevolent Jonathan, magnanimous James, noble Abraham, wise Daniel, the kindly Oliver, and numerous others, cut off prematurely by "drink.” O God! save us from this destroyer. Frequent accidents must inevitably happen to all who drink alcoholic stimulants. Misfortunes will surely and swiftly follow in the track of dissipation. Calamity awaits the transgressor. "God is not mocked." Little sins of body or mind grow daily, as the weeds, and if not checked in time will choke down the better plant and prevent its maturing. Young man, do you drink?

Ships are lost at sea; steamboats are blown up, or collide on river and lake; horses are killed or crippled; carriages smashed; railway trains thrown off the track; public buildings and private dwellings are burned, and the lives of thousands are sacrificed or jeopardized. Why? By what? Because men give way to a perverted appetite and indulge in that which is an enemy, and only an enemy to their bodies and souls. Young man, do you drink?

THE EDUCATION OF CRIMINALS.

"EVERYWHERE education produces its inevitable effects. One, however, is astonished when it is considered that although thousands of years have passed, man has yet to understand that the discontinuance of prisons depends upon the improvement of schools and the general diffusion of education ainong people. We know only what we understand. How will you become upright if you have no idea of uprightness; if you are not made to appreciate its graces; if you are not early taught to practice it? It certainly is necessary to take into account the impetuosity of natural propensities. But, indeed, is not this necessity a reason for the better organization of the contest against them, so as to bend them, and to oppose them by the counter-balance of the better sentiments and feelings carefully directed?

"In the houses of detention, in the convict prisons (bagnes), how many persons there are who, without a definite character, only owe their fatal errors to lack of instruction, to want of restraint, and to bad examples! The fiercest (farouches) prisoners are perhaps more approachable than it is believed. So far as the little which one may have acquired, that would be always something; but he has disregarded intellectual culture too much. And in such a case what could a few pastoral exhortations do which were given at long intervals, without rule and without light? The success of education in the colonies of young offenders should be an admonition. The advantage is but lame; one by it attains only to the pace of a tortoise, and is left even worse off than before; for it can be understood that instruction under such circumstances should be so imparted as not to be the means of torturing unhappy lawbreakers, but of reforming them. Appreciating this principle, a leading jurist, M. Edmund Turquet, the imperial prosecutor at Vervins (Aisne, France), instituted a course of lectures for the benefit of the prisoners of that city, and the results thus far have exceeded all expectation. There were at first some unbelieving and obstinate criminals, but soon the enthusiasm of the undertaking, extending in the measure of its progress and of the reformation of opinions, each became enamored with the benefit afforded, and now those prisoners, before so degraded, are equal in advancement to the pupils of the best primary schools."-Journal de Médecine Mentale.

THE CANDIDATES FOR THE PRESIDENCY AND VICE-PRESIDENCY.

IT is a fact, that there are "many men of many minds" in this world. Indeed, there are no two persons exactly alike in the whole realm of humanity. As we differ in height, weight, strength, and complexion, so we differ in temperament, talent, capability, culture, taste, and character. To none more than to the phrenologist and physiognomist is the great diversity among mankind more apparent, or the endless shades and phases of human character so clearly seen. Is it surprising, then, that there should be more than a thousand different religious creeds among the millions of mankind, or more than three hundred creeds among Christians? Do not differences of opinion on various questions arise even among brothers and among sisters, not to mention neighbors and nations? Were they not educated together? Then

ship.

The following brief biography must complete our sketch.

Ulysses S. Grant was born at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822. His early ancestors were Scotch, and emi

by the Puritans. In 1823 his parents removed to Georgetown, Ohio, where he obtained his early education. When seventeen years of age he obtained an appointment to West Point, where he became conspicuous for his courage and manliness, if not for brilliant mental

ULYSSES S. GRANT, REPUBLICAN NOMINEE FOR PRESIDENT.

General Grant* is a well

built man of average stat

ure, with a snug and strong frame, dense and compact

why do they not take the same view of things? | muscle, and of fine quality. There is no surSimply because each looks at a subject through different eyes, or glasses of different shades, or of different degrees of power. If one be hopeful and another desponding; if one be generous and another selfish, there must be a cause for it-and that cause may be discovered. It is organic, and inclines to a material manifestation. The action of the mind produces effects on the body. This accounts for the fact, that certain parts, such as the muscles of the arm, become large and strong in the blacksmith; so of the organs of the brain; use calls more blood to the part or parts most used, and growth is the result. This is as true of the mental faculties as of the physical organs. The best men are but partially developed-none are perfect-no, not one. All are susceptible of improvement. Many, by bad associations and bad habits, deteriorate, become perverted, and so become degraded. The "candidates" before us are no exception to the rule. They are as different from each other as others are from them.

A few words more, preliminary. It should be remembered that a good-looking head does not always insure a good character, though a good character will, in time, produce a good head. Nor does a bad head, i. e., a head less favorably organized, imply a bad character. Men with fine heads sometimes fall, and the worst may be reclaimed. No phrenologist, who is not a pretender, will venture to affirm that one is good or bad; has done or will do certain acts, judged solely by one's phrenology. He may say the developments of one strongly incline him to this or that course of life, temptation, or excess, such as avarice, sensuality, cunning, cruelty, timidity, irritability, superstition, appetite, etc., but he can not say

plus tissue, nothing out of place, and few, if any, excesses in the general make-up. Heart, stomach, lungs, with a healthy, nervous system, derived, in the main, from a tough, hearty, and long-lived ancestry, he may be pronounced a very good specimen of the average American man. His brain is of good size, in proportion with the body, and it is large in the perceptives, full in the reflectives, large in Constructiveness, Human Nature, Cautiousness, Continuity, Secretiveness, Hope, Spirituality, Conscientiousness, Destructiveness, Combativeness, and Benevolence. The social affections are also fully developed. Language, Acquisitiveness, Imitation, and Suavity are but moderately indicated. Approbativeness and Self-Esteem are subordinate; but Firmness is decidedly prominent. What is the effect of this combination? First, almost uniform good health; second, strong practical common sense with an intuitive perception of character; knowing at a glance whom to trust. He possesses good mechanical ingenuity, with planning talent, watchfulness, application, policy, prudence, honesty, enterprise, kindness, friendship, and generosity, without much French palaver or make-believe. He is a man of few words and great courage, fortitude, resolution, perseverance, and executiveness. These are some of the leading points in this character. We may add that he is no egotist, no vain boaster, nor will he turn to the right or the left for the love of praise or for the fear of blame. We say nothing of his generalship, and nothing of his-prospective-statesman

* Our portraits are not only inferior likenesses, but insignificant works of art. We can say nothing satisfactorily on the physiognomy of our candidates, with such inadequate representations.

ability. Subsequently to

his graduating from West Point, he served in the United States Army in Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, and in Mexico under General Scott. In 1854 he withdrew from military life and engaged in agriculture and other lines of peaceful life. In 1859 he became engaged in the leather trade, and was thus occupied when the civil war commenced. Then General Grant's old military ardor at once hurried him into the ranks of the Union soldiers. He raised a company and went with it to Springfield, Ill., where it was mustered into service. In June, 1861, he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteers, and immediately went into active operations. His skill and success, during the rapid events of the war in the West, won from the nation promotion after promotion, until in March, 1864, he had obtained the highest position known in the army; and he summed up his brilliant victories by compelling the surrender of General Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865, and virtually closing a ruinous and fratricidal strife.

SCHUYLER COLFAX, REPUBLICAN NOMINEE
FOR VICE-PRESIDENT.

Schuyler Colfax has a very large brain and a very active mental temperament. His body is of average size, well shaped, and if lithe, he is tough, wiry, and enduring. Both he and General Grant derive their leading physiolog ical and mental qualities from their mothers, whom they most resemble. The reflective faculties predominate in Mr. Colfax. He has a large intellectual lobe, and his head is very long and very high. Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Approbativeness, Causality, Mirthfulness, and Cautiousness are very large. Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness, and Destructiveness are small. Indeed, the head is narrow at the base, rather than broad, and the leading tendency of his mind is in the direction of intellect and moral sentiment. Language is large; hence he is a fluent speaker and a copious writer. He is youthful, mirthful, genial, familiar, companionable, and popular; is always dignified and manly-not distant or haughty. He is thoroughly self-regulating,

strictly temperate, and in hearty sympathy with all measures for the education, improvement, and elevation of the people. Should he fail to sustain the high position he has attained, or should he fall, it will be from the perversion of a naturally aspiring and well-disposed nature. He has all the qualities requisite to make him pre-eminently happy, in the social or domestic relations. We see nothing in his organization to prevent him from continuing to rise until he shall have reached the highest position, intellectually, morally, and socially, among men.

Speaker Colfax was born in New York city on the 23d of March, 1823, and is a lineal descendant from General Schuyler and Captain Colfax, both of Revolutionary celebrity. All the academical instruction he was favor

ed with was received be

fore he had reached ten years of age, and that was obtained, chiefly, through

his own diligent applica

has a pleasing and frank expression, and evinces the man of substantial endowments.

THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM.

The platform on which the candidates already noticed severally announce themselves to stand, indorses the reconstruction policy of Congress; perceives the necessity of equal suffrage among the loyal men at the South; denounces "all forms of repudiation as a national crime" and a stigma on the national honor; recommends the equalization and reduction of taxation, and the contraction of the national debt and of the

expenses of Government
as speedily as is consist-
ent with prudence and
honesty;

deplores the

scientiousness. Veneration and Benevolence are fairly indicated, but not large. Cautiousness is full, Secretiveness is large, and so are Comparison and Language.

This combination produces or indicates a strong unyielding will, great love for property and the luxuries of life, a ready perception, a good memory of facts, with less disposition to theorize. IIis moderate Hope would incline bim to form moderate views of future accomplishment, and to make desperate efforts to realize present wishes. There would be little or no penitence or compunction; little faith in the fulfillment of promises. He would seek to obtain his ends by stratagem, management, cunning, and intellectual generalship. He will maneuver with the best and keep his plans well concealed. He is a shrewd politician, a sharp, snug business man, a close economist, an unyielding and unrelenting opponent; he is ambitious, tenacious, fluent, belligerent, secretive, and a "study" for any man. Indeed, he will never be fully known, not even to himself.

tion. At the age of thirteen he went to Indiana. In one of the towns in that State he entered a printing-office, and continued the pursuit of a printer, with degrees of advancement, until the year 1844, when he became editor and proprietor of the South Bend Register. He was then only twenty-one years of age. His paper was a political organ, in the interest of the Whig party, and though commenced with a small circulation and little influence, it steadily grew in popular favor, by reason of its bold avowal of honest sentiments. This paper brought him conspicuously into view among the politicians of Indiana, and his straightforward and consistent course eventually secured for him a considerable reputation.

In 1848 he was appointed a delegate from Indiana to the Whig National Convention, of which he was elected secretary. In 1850 we find him occupying a prominent position in the Indiana Constitutional Convention.

In 1854 Mr. Colfax was elected the representative of his district in the American Congress, and from that time to this has always been returned to his seat in the national assembly.

In Congress the same energy and industry have characterized him which were so prominent in his private life and personal vocation.

He was first elected Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1863, and twice since has been re-elected. He has so discharged the important duties of the Speakership, that he is considered one of the best presiding officers that has ever been called upon to conduct the proceedings of a great body.

In personal appearance Mr. Colfax is of medium height, and solid and compactly built. His hair and whiskers are brown, not a little tinged with gray. His countenance

"untimely and tragic death of Abraham Lincoln," and regrets the accession of Andrew Johnson to the Presidency; would equally maintain the rights of native and naturalized citizens when in foreign countries; awards especial honor to soldiers and sailors who contended for the Union in the late war; encourages immigration; declares its sympathy for the oppressed of all nations; offers a cordial and friendly co-operation to all those in the South who, though once in arms against the Government, now honestly unite with it in restoring peace, harmony, and prosperity; and proclaims its recognition of the great principles of the Declaration of Independence "as the true foundation of Democratic government," and hails "with gladness every effort toward making these principles a living reality on every inch of American soil."

HORATIO SEYMOUR, DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE FOR PRESIDENT.

Horatio Seymour has a large-sized brain, something more than twenty-three inches in circumference, with a mixed temperament, in which the vital, motive, and mental are fairly blended, the mental or nervous somewhat predominating. There is no lack of quantity of either bone, muscle, or brain. But what of the quality? Were he sound, or in perfect health, and were the quality equal to the quantity, he would, with his high culture, become a power in the nation. As it is, there

is no deficiency of intellectual ability, no lack of knowledge, ambition, love of property or power. But can he endure, or will he break down under care, trials, and hardships? That is an important question on which success or failure, happiness or misery, depend. A front view of this head reveals a very broad brain at the base; the head is wide between the ears, and Acquisitiveness, Destructiveness, and Alimentiveness are conspicuous. A side view shows very large perceptives, with retreating reflectives. Very large Firmness, full SelfEsteem, with less Hope, Spirituality, and Con

Mr. Seymour was born in Pompey, Onondaga County, N. Y., in 1811. Educated for the law, he early attained to eminence in its practice at Utica, but withdrew from it to manage the large estates left by his father and father-in-law. Advocating the principles of the Democratic party from the first, he was in 1841 elected to the State Legislature. There his talents and oratorical ability soon made him conspicuous, and upon his re-election in 1845 he was chosen Speaker of the Assembly.

In 1850 he was the Democratic candidate for Governor of New York, opposed to Washington Hunt who was elected after a close contest. In 1852 he was again nominated for the same office, and was elected. His term of office was chiefly signalized by his "veto" of the "Maine Liquor Law," which coupled with his well-known opposition to restrict by legislation the sale of intoxicating liquors, doubtless led to his defeat in the gubernatorial contest of 1854.

In 1862, having again been nominated, he was elected Governor by over 10,000 majority. He had been from time to time proposed as a candidate for the Presidency by portions of the Democratic party, but without definite result until the recent convention, which, having failed, after several days' sitting, to make choice of a man from the many proposed, unanimously nominated him on the first announcement of his name.

Mr. Seymour is of fine personal appearance and bearing; his manners are those of the finished gentleman. As an orator, he is calm, graceful, and dignified, yet fluent and persuasive. He is the first candidate for the

chief executive office in the gift of the people that has not served in some department of the national Government.

FRANCIS P. BLAIR, DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE FOR VICE-PRESIDENT.

One accustomed to observe character from portraits could not go far wrong in judging this man, even from the imperfect representation above. There is a current anecdote to this effect. A gentleman inquired of a rather non-committal old lady what sort of a man Mr. Smith was who lived near by? With the double purpose of being polite and not committing herself, she replied: "Well, sir, I have known him many years, and consider him just about such a kind of a man as one would. naturally take him to be." So we may say of the portrait of Mr. Blair. He looks the character he is. In the Bowery nomenclature, he would be pronouncd "a bully boy." There are evidences of strength, if not of refinement or delicacy here. We "reckon" he would smash things generally if provoked, and the safest place for the offender would be at a respectful distance. Mr. Blair's safety consists in his living a strictly temperate life. Fire him up with bad whisky and foul tobacco, and he would be something like a mad "bull in a china shop." Let us see how he is made up. He has a large bony structure, a strong muscular system, with heart, lungs, and stomach to match. All the animal functions are in working order, and he eats, drinks, and sleeps with hearty relish. So far, there is nothing wanting. The head is big-not disproportioned to the body-and very high in the crown, rendering Self-Esteem, Firmness, and Approbativeness large. The intellect is strongly marked; he would display much originality and a facile comprehension. He is not without ability to plan and lay out work. Indeed, he would be far more inclined to project new schemes than to execute them. He has more Combativenesswhich exhibits itself in talking and writingthan Destructiveness, which gives practical executiveness. Most of his fighting would therefore be done with tongue or pen, rather than by sword. But he will threaten. The devotional, the spiritual, the penitential, meek, and the humble sentiments are not prominent. When he submits, it will be under severe pressure. Still, he has qualities not altogether unamiable. As a man of the world, he would be hailed as 66 a good fellow," and be considered above the average in intelligence. He is generous in giving hospitalities to or receiving them from his chums; is a good liver, and will provide the "luxuries" for his friends. His ability to get money is greater than his power to keep it. We should not select him for a banker, nor for an economist. But he could superintend a plantation, navigate a ship, take charge of a colony of criminals-Van Diemen's Land, for example-or do a hundred other things, where a disposition to be "boss" and take the responsibility is concerned, providing others would submit to his rule. Will, strength,

frankness, bluntness, and indifference to praise or blame are among the traits in this character.

Francis P. Blair, Jun., was born at Lexington, Ky., February 19, 1821, was educated at Princeton College, New Jersey, and, removing to St. Louis, adopted the profession of the law. He entered into political life as an advocate of emancipation. In 1848 he sustained Van Buren and the Free Soil party, opposing the extension of slavery into the Territories, and advocating its abolition in Missouri. As an Abolitionist he was elected in 1852 to the Missouri Legislature, and was re-elected in 1854. Two years afterward he took his seat in Congress as a representative from Missouri, and remained in that capacity until the opening of the civil war. He had exhibited much gallantry as a volunteer in the Mexican War, and was moved to again take the sword in behalf of the Union as a Colonel of Volunteers in 1861. He was soon afterward appointed Brigadier-General, and won general favor by his intrepid conduct on the field.

In May, 1863, he commanded a division of M'Pherson's Corps, and was before the close of the year appointed Major-General, when he resigned his seat in the Thirty-eighth Congress. When M Pherson in 1864 was made commander of the Army of the Tennessee, he was succeeded by General Blair in the command of his corps. This command he held until the close of the war, attending Sherman in his marches from Atlanta to Goldsborough.

In 1866 he was appointed Collector of the Port of St. Louis, and now is brought before the American people as an available man for the party which a few years since owned, no sympathy for him.

THE DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM.

66

Treating this somewhat lengthy declaration of principles in a style of brevity similar to that with which we have disposed of the Republican manifesto, we find it to assert that its framers stand upon the Constitution, recognizing the questions of slavery and secession as settled for all time to come, and demanding that all the States be immediately restored to their rights in the Union; that amnesty be offered for all past political offenses," and the citizens of the States regulate their elective franchise; that the public debt be paid as rapidly as practicable," and unless the obligations of the Government expressly state that they are to be paid in coin, they ought to "be paid in the lawful money of the United States;" that every species of property be subject to taxation, including Government securities, and there be one currency for the Government and the people; that the Government be economically administered, the army and navy reduced, the Freedmen's Bureau abolished, the Internal Revenue system simplified and equalized, the credit of the Government maintained, all acts for enrolling the State militia into national forces in time of peace repealed, a tariff upon foreign imports, and "such equal taxation" as will afford incidental protection to domestic manufactures without impairing the revenue be imposed; that abuses and corruption in the administration be rectified and the civil power be exalted over the military, and that the equal rights of naturalized and native citizens to protection at home and abroad be maintained, and the American nationality asserted for the example and encouragement of "people struggling for national integrity, constitutional liberty, and individual rights.'

Then follow articles of indictment against the "radical party" for sundry acts in the course of its administration, which are de

nominated as a "disregard of right, and unparalleled oppression and tyranny."

The platform further demands that the pr lic lands "be distributed as widely as possible among the people," and disposed of only to actual settlers; and declares that Andrew Johnson is "entitled to the gratitude of the whole American people" for the course persued in his relations with Congress.

OUR WINTER CLASS. THOUGH We have already received many applications for membership in our annas professional class, which commences its session the first Monday in January next, and have responded by sending circulars setting forth an outline of the subjects taught, terma conditions, etc., we are still receiving letters almost daily on the subject. Those who have a desire to ascertain the particulars relative to the class, should do so at once by sending for the circular entitled "Professional Instruction in Practical Phrenology."

We are making ample preparations to meet the wants of a larger class than we have ever yet had. Our previous students are making for themselves a high mark in the lecturing field. We have letters of encouragement and satisfaction from them, and are beginning to feel assured that this wide field of beneficence is not always to wait for the hand of the har vester. The laborers have, indeed, been few, and are still few, compared with the amount of work to be done. There is a call every where for competent phrenologists. We are doing our best to send forth well-instructed men to meet that demand. The list is still open for applicants, and those who have decided positively to be of the class of 1869 will confer a favor by notifying us specifically at an early day.

FIAT JUSTITIA.-A religious cotemporary devoted half a column to the consideration of our August number (which, by the way, was an excellent specimen, take it all through), but displayed an amazing lack of critical acumen, both doctrinal and literary, in its reflections on some of our articles. Passing over its unscientific, unlearned, and very much adulterated remarks on " A Reviewer Reviewed,” we would merely call the particular attention of our readers to "Faith in God," which the religious paper's erudite critic terms "a semi-infidel description." Will some candid and discriminating person be kind enough to point out the infidelity avowed in that article? We believe it to be a clear, earnest, cogent expression of Christian sentiment. "Poets and Poet ry" contains a few fair specimens of versification, but "Mutabile Semper" and "Thought" are specified by the above critic as excellent poetry, a declaration sufficient to damage his future hopes as a reviewer of esthetic writing. Ideality, certainly, is not well developed in his cerebrum. Perhaps the spleen of the critic was due to our severe denunciations of the practice of advertising patent medicines by some religious journalists—truly, a sort of “infidel quackery," and from which the aforesaid critic's paper is by no means exempt.

Other religious critics allude in very com mendatory terms to our August JOURNAL Strange that it should have been allowed the above reviewer alone to discover our great weakness!!