EUROPE ITS SOVEREIGNTIES.

WITH PORTRAITS AND SKETCHES.

EUROPE is the smallest, but the most populous and highly cultivated of the three grand divisions of the Eastern Hemisphere. Its area is estimated at nearly 3,800,000 square miles -about 800,000 more than the area of the United States, exclusive of Walrussia-while it has a population of nearly 270,000,000, an average of 733 for each square mile. This area is divided into about forty-five kingdoms, principalities, and republics, each governed by its hereditary monarch or elective council. The largest of the subdivisions is the empire of Russia, which contains a population of nearly 70,000,000, and an area of 2,042,000 square miles-over half the entire continent. The smallest nationality is the little republic of San Marino, with its sovereign council. It comprehends but twenty-four square miles of territory and over eight thousand inhabitants. As it may not be known to most of our readers to what extent republican principles may have obtained a foothold in European legislation, we will state that, besides San Marino, there are five states whose form of government is republican. These are Andorra, population in 1860, 15,000; the free city of IIanı burg, population 222,379; the Ionian Islands, population 227,106; Lubec, population 55,423; and the Swiss Confederation, population 2,534,250. Sandwiched as these small samples of popular rule are by the greater and more or less absolute monarchies of Europe, and preserving so firmly their peculiar national characteristics, we, as Americans, can not but experience a thrill of pride as we behold thus clearly exemplified the strong and enduring principles of republicanism.

Of the thirty-nine other nations we will particularize but eleven of the most influential, giving a few details concerning each, and a brief biographical review of its sovereign.

GREAT BRITAIN. Prominent among the first-rate powers stands GREAT BRITAIN, the nature of whose government is a limited monarchy. With Ireland the area of this country is a little over 121,000 square miles, while its population is little short of 30,000,000. Its chief city, London, is one of the largest cities in the world, and the most important in commercial enterprise.

Victoria I. Alexandrina, Queen of England, was born at Kensington Palace, May 24th, 1819, and is the only child of the late Edward Duke of Kent, son of King George III. She succeeded to the throne on the death of William IV., her uncle, June 20th, 1837, and was crowned June 28th, 1838. February 10th, 1840, she was married to Prince Albert, of Saxe Coburg Gotha. She has had nine children, all of whom are living. Her reign is unexampled in English history for its tranquillity and political influence in European affairs.

Victoria, who is she? and what of her? She is a woman considerably under the average in stature, and may be described as "short and dumpy." She has blue eyes, light hair, a round, plump face, and a well-formed head. Her most remarkable trait is a high moral sense, not very common to women in her position. She was a dutiful child, a faithful wife, a loving mother, a devout Christian, and every way a good ruler. If she be in some degree nervous, excitable, or eccentric, she is no different or worse than the majority of women. Ethnologically, she is a good type of the Anglo-Saxon, the Teutonic element predominating.

EMPRESS EUGENIE.

WILLIAM I.-PRUSSIA.

FRANCE,

A monarchy with a national Assembly, includes a territory 210,732 square miles in extent, with a population of nearly 37,000,000. Paris, the capital, is considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and ranks next to London in population.

Napoleon III., Emperor of the French, the youngest son of Louis Bonaparte and Hortense, daughter of the Empress Josephine, was born in Paris, April 20th, 1808. After a strangely checkered career, in which proscription and banishment are marked features, he was selected in 1848 one of the deputies to the National Assembly. In May, 1850, he was made President of France. In November, 1852, he was elected Emperor by a popular vote, and so proclaimed under the title of Napoleon III.

Napoleon is something like his uncle in ambition and cunning, but unlike him in native ability. He has less self-reliance, less intellectual reach or comprehensiveness. He is more influenced by advisers, and will steer his course so as to avoid the rocks on which his uncle foundered. In him there is something more of the sensual than of the spiritual, bit nevertheless he has a spirit potent for a moderate degrce of good, or for great mischief. His aims, his ambitions, are all in the direction of self-gratification. It will never be said of him that he subordinated Louis Napoleon for the good of anything, or anybody. His ruling motives are love of praise and love of power.

Eugenie Marle De Guzman, Empress of the French, was born at Granada, in Spain, May 5th, 1826, and is the second daughter of the Count of Montijo. She was married to the Emperor Napoleon III. January 30th, 1853. In the absence of the Emperor during the Italian war of 1859 she exercised the office of Regent. Eugenie is a sensitive, delicate creature, very much like ten thousand other highly cultured, fashionable ladies. Her eyes are blue, her hair is light, and her general organization fine and delicate. She is the mother of one fragile child, about whose life and health there is much anxiety in royal circles. We give his portrait elsewhere. Eugenie exhibits her benevolence by visiting asylums, hospitals, prisons, and workshops. She has a pleasant word for those who need it, and sweet smiles for those who do not. Her brain is neither large nor small, but is fairly developed in most respects. She is neither a philosopher nor an imbecile. With ordinary care and nursing, it may be reasonably presumed that she will be able to spin out a moderately protracted existence. Whatever influence she exerts, we may safely hope to be in the direction of her better nature.

RUSSIA.

The empire of Russia, embracing as it does nearly half the entire area of Europe, possesses the elements of great power and influence. Its sovereign is absolute. Of the population and extent of the country we have already spoken. Within a few years past, under the administration of energetic monarchs, it has taken position inferior to none among the continental nations.

Alexander II., Emperor of Russia, was born April 29th, 1818. He was carefully educated, and in early life accustomed to military discipline. His accession to the throne occurred March 2d, 1855, since which time his administration of the government has been characterized by measures eminently conducive to peace, and the intellectual and social improvement of his subjects.

Alexander is a brisk, active, wide-awake, go-ahead sort of a man. He inherits something of his father's strength, and more of his mother's amiability, sympathy, taste, and reânement. He is still comparatively young, and may hope to grow into comparative greatness or power. A marked feature in his character is the expression of enterprise, activity, and intelligence. We think the world will be no worse for his having lived in it. At present, he is proving his good sense by adopting the new inventions of Americans, including railways, steamships, etc.; also by selling useless or unavailable territory. When he shall take that other great step in the direction of absolute freedom for all his people, he will place his nation on the high road to the front.

PRUSSIA,

Lately considerably advanced in political importance by reason of her successes in the war with Austria, is a constitutional monarchy, and possesses upward of 110,000

DOM LOUIS I.-PORTUGAL.

square miles of country, with nearly 18,000,000 inhabitants. In agricultural and mineral resources Prussia is exceeding rich, while in manufactures she is scarcely second to any nation.

William I., King of Prussia, was born March 22d, 1797. He is the second son of Frederick William III. During the illness of his brother, Frederick William IV., in 1858, he was four times commissioned with the direction of the government until October 9th, 1858, when he was formally declared regent. He became king January 21st, 1861, and though advanced in years is skillful and energetic as a sovereign.

This face indicates a strong will, great dignity, steadfastness, practical common sense, ambition, large Approbativeness, and great love for display. Mark the head and face of this dignitary! Self-Esteem and Firmness are especially prominent, but the head, as a whole, is neither large nor of the finest model. Without his more forcible Bismarck, King William would have been less successful in military or political achievements. Still, there are evidences of an immensely strong will and desire to "have his own way." He is neither very great nor very good, though his aims for liberty, educa. tion, and religious freedom are all in the right direction. He is in danger of becoming crusty, and of losing what little amiability he has.

AUSTRIA,

The largest of the German nationalities, having an extent of country of 247,000 square miles, and a population exceeding 35,000,000. The government partakes of the nature of an absolute monarchy. Previous to 1866 Austria was considered the first of the German kingdoms. Its contest with Prussia, resulting in the cession of Luxemburg to that power, and its general submission to Prussian dictation, has considerably reduced its political influence in the diplomatic circles of Europe.

Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, was born August 18th, 1830, and is the eldest son of the Archduke Francis and Sophia, a princess of Bavaria. In youth he was taught to speak all the languages of his somewhat mixed dominions. He succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his uncle, Ferdinand I., December 2d, 1848. His reign has not been marked by prosperity, but rather by internal disaffections among the different provinces of his empire and by external complicities with neighboring powers, which, owing to injudicious management on his part, have cost him a considerable portion of his territory. This is a high and narrow rather than deep and broad head. He is neither gross nor coarse, but refined and elevated in his tastes and character. He would seek the elevation of all, as well as his own promotion, and if he fails, it will be more the error of judgment or of bad counsels than from any predisposition to vice on his part. He may be outgeneraled by more capable and cunning men, but his motives would be good. He is only great because of his office or position, not in natural power or ability. We doubt not that he will improve with age. The experiences he has had of late should tend to open his mind to progress and improvement.

DENMARK.

The King of Denmark is an absolute monarch, yet there is a limited popular representation by a national congress. Denmark comprehends an extent of territory amounting to 21,900 square miles. The number of inhabitants exceeds 2,575,000. Uninterrupted peace and enterprising commercial relations have marked the policy of this nation for several years past.

Charles Frederick Augustus, King of Denmark, with the title of Christian IX., was born July 19th, 1798, and succeeded to the throne November 15th, 1863, Frederick VII. having died childless. The commencement of his reign was somewhat turbulent, owing to the claims preferred by the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein to the succession in the person of Prince Frederick. These claims were urged with so much pertinacity that a war became imminent, but was averted by the intervention of several of the great powers of Europe, on the basis of the "Treaty of London," made May 8th, 1852.

Judged from the portrait, we should say this gentleman would consider himself "a nice young man." He is evidently tasty and testy. He has a broad head, a small cerebellum, and is not very high in Veneration and Spirituality. Activity and executiveness are both well

indicated. There is nothing in this countenance worthy of elaborate remark or description. We think he has mistaken his calling; that he would have made a better mechanic, engineer, or artist than king or statesman. We see nothing in this man that would incline an American citizen to take off his hat and bow in humble meekness to his "august majesty." On the contrary, a passable Republican or Democrat would consider himself the better man, notwithstanding his royal kingship.

HOLLAND.

The Kingdom of Holland, otherwise known as the Netherlands, includes various provinces, comprising together a territory of 13,584 square miles. Its population is upward of 3,700,000. The government is that of a limited constitutional monarchy-hereditary in the male line, but by default of that, in the female. The legislative power is shared by the king and the two chambers of the states-general. Considered with respect to its size, Holland is the most flourishing commercial nation on the face of the globe.

William III., Alexander Paul Frederick Lodewijk, King of Holland, was born at the Hague, February 19th, 1817, and ascended the throne March 17th, 1849. His reign has been marked by important reforms in the administrative policy of the government, and by a careful observance of its constitutional principles. In 1839 he married the Princess Sophia of Wurtemburg, by whom he has two sons now living.

This is a strongly-marked character. The head is broad between the ears, indicating energy and force. It is high and full in intellect, indicating strong, practical common sense and good reflective powers. It is wide through Constructiveness and Acquisitiveness, indicating invention, mechanism, and economy. He would appreciate machinery and its uses, and also works of art and their beauty. There are also high soldierly qualities manifested here, and he is not wanting in moral sense. He would be energetic, self-relying, devotional, tasteful, affectionate, ambitions, and sympathetic, but he is only moderately developed in Cautiousness. Among all the sovereigns he has as favorable an organization as any one among them. Were he an American, we should probably feel proud of him.

BELGIUM.

This state has a territory of 11,268 square miles, and a population of nearly 5,000,000. It is governed by a king, whose powers are limited, and in connection with him there is a national council of two chambers. This country is the most densely populated in Europe, and is celebrated for the extent and character of its manufactures.

The present King of the Belgians, Leopold III., was born at Brussels, April 9th, 1835, and succeeded his father in the occupancy of the throne in 1866. At the age of eighteen he married Marie, Archduchess of Austria.

Evidently a well-meaning, kindly-disposed young man. He has a large and well-formed brain, with a strong and healthy body; moreover, he has for a wife one of the most charming women living. We shall look for progress in his reign, though we can scarcely hope-educated as he was, in a school of monarchical teachings-that he will adopt the broader and better methods of a democratic republic.

ITALY.

The geographical position of Italy is such as should contribute greatly to its importance as a maritime nation. Its extent of seacoast is the largest among European nations. Its area, including the recent acquired province of Venetia and the Papal Possessions, exceeds 112,250 square miles. Its inhabitants number over 25,000,000. The government is a constitutional monarchy. Italy is now emerging from the condition of comparative obscurity which has been her lot for centuries, and seems likely to take and maintain a respectable status among civilized nations.

Victor Emanuel II., King of Italy, formerly King of Sardinia, was born March 14th, 1820. He succeeded to the throne of Sardinia on the abdication of his father in March, 1849. In the war for Italian independence, so ably promoted by Garibaldi against Austria, he secured the esteem of his subjects and the regard of the distinguished patriot, and took the title of King of Italy, March 17th, 1861. His reign since that time has been marked by

some energy, although he truckles considerably to the weightier powers of Europe.

Characteristically, Victor Emanuel is a proud, puffedup, pompous little man. Should he be seen alone in the streets of New York or Chicago, he would, undoubtedly, and most truthfully, be pronounced a "swell." He has been made great more by accident than by any special act or merit of his own. He lacks the grandeur and nobleness of high and honorable manhood, and will play the sycophant to those who permit him to serve. probativeness and love of show or display form the leading traits in his weak character. "Vanity of vanities" with him, all is vanity. We see no hope for Italy while he is in the way to block the wheels of progress. We can not doubt that Providence will remove him in good time, when the people will have been sufficiently developed to become self-regulating.

SPAIN.

Ap

Spain, occupying the larger portion of the peninsula at the southwestern extremity of continental Europe, has territory amounting to over 176,500 square miles. Its population is nearly 15,500,000. The character of the government is that of a constitutional monarchy, with a legislative assembly of two chambers. Spain, at one time a dominant state in Europe, is now comparatively weak and unimportant.

Isabella II., Queen of Spain, was born in October, 1830. Ferdinand VII., her father, died near the close of the year 1833, having appointed by will Maria Christina, his queen, regent until the young queen should attain the age of eighteen. After a turbulent administration of the regency, Isabella was declared queen, but the continued interference of her mother in public affairs led to her expulsion from Spain in 1854, leaving Isabella in possession of the throne.

Our artist has overdrawn, modified, and beautified the head and face of this voluptuous woman. In her, the vital temperament and animal propensities predominate; she is more animal than mental, more sensual than spiritual. We grant that, as compared with most ladies, she has more to struggle against than many others, in order to subordinate the passions to higher principles. It was unfortunate that one with such tendencies should have been placed in such a responsible and conspicuous position. Her example is anything but good or elevating. There will be comparatively few mourners when she shall be called hence. A poor, impulsive, selfish, sensual woman.

PORTUGAL,

Is 38,663 square miles in extent, and contains nearly 4,000,000 of inhabitants. It is a constitutional monarchy, and possesses some eminence, mainly on account of its maritime position.

Dom Louis I., the present King of Portugal, is the second son of Dona Maria II. and Prince Ferdinand of Saxe Coburg. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his elder brother, Pedro V., near the close of the year 1861, and is now about twenty-six years of age.

Passable, only passable; great in nothing except in his own estimation. Propped up by a parliament of older and wiser men, restrained by the good social and bigh moral influences of others, he may be kept on the track; but if left to himself we doubt if his course would be "onward and upward." Grace will do much for those who do but little for themselves, provided they put themselves in the way of it. He will need all good influences to keep him straight. He has a voluptuous expression, indicating more of the animal than of the spiritual. Stripped of his royal birthright, of his equipage and trappings, he would be left an ordinary human being, with nothing special to recommend him; but he is young, and may improve.

OURSELVES.

SOME REFLECTIONS SUGGESTED BY THE FOREGOING.

In contrast with these male and female monarchs, Americans lose nothing. We may find in every State Legislature throughout our Union fifty, or a hundred, men who are the peers of any of these hereditary kings,

queens, or emperors. Indeed, they are only poor frail human beings, like the rest of us. They eat, drink, and sleep the same, and are not blest with more faculties of mind, or more bones or muscles of body. They strut, swell, swagger, and show temper when they need not. They are superior in nothing but the accidental circumstance of birth; and this more frequently costs them their heads than it insures tranquillity of mind or growth in moral power. Human monarchies are human impositions, and must go down before the onward march of intelligence, freedom, and Christianity. How significant the words of the inspired writer in allusion to the cry of the Israelites for a king! "And He gave them a king in His anger;" as if the institution of the monarchical system was in chastisement for inconstancy and unbelief.

Let reasonable man-be he American or any European-contemplate successively affairs in Europe and in America, and he will declare himself more favorably disposed toward the latter. How paltry, if not ludicrous, the contrast! In Europe we find an extent of territory not half the size of the United States split into thirty-four different nationalities. Twenty-eight or nine of these have respectively their royal establishment, with all the expensive equipage and privilege connected therewith. Can we wonder that so many millions in Europe groan under the grievous taxation and oppression which is even necessary to sustain so many kings, queens, princesses, and courts in their desired magnificence. No wonder that a standing army must be kept within the reach of the sovereign's voice, in every monarchy. The spirit of the common people must be repressed, subdued by the strong arm of military force, or it would burst into revolution all over the Continent. Witness the past history of France, Switzerland, Hungary, Poland, Italy, England, and the under swell of popular sentiment in Europe now. In this country, until the seeds of revolution sown by imported aristocratic influence under the pseudonym of secession had germinated into open rebellion against “the best government under heaven," a strong military array to enforce law and order and maintain individual rights was not thought of in the council of the nation. And even now, so soon after a war unexampled in magnitude and ferocity, the United States Government maintains in arms a regular force for merely frontier purposes, so small that an insignificant European monarch would proudly point in contemptuous comparison at the decorated legions that support his throne and depend on his subsidies. The mutual confidence among its people, inspired by a free government, tacitly if not avowedly repels the idea of the officers of that government having at their disposal a military force of sufficient strength to overawe the citizen. No; Americans would be free, and feel free; and their efforts to maintain free government find a sympathetic chord among the masses of king-ridden Europe. America has

become too strong a nation, and is too intimately related through her promiscuous and foreign-born population with every civilized country of the old world, not to exert a powerful and increasing influence on the civil affairs of Europe. With her prosperity, the deeply rooted principles of human liberty there expand, and in time will ameliorate the nations. Let the leaven work. Well may the crowned heads feel uneasy on account of the growing sentiment that is clamorous for reform. If they heed the premonitions, and wisely yield to the people the right so long withheld, it may be well for them. If they oppose the mighty movement, it will ere long sweep them with their senseless assumptions before it, as the hurricane disperses the dry leaves.

DON'T BE CONTENTED!

"A CONTENTED mind is a continual feast!" There's where we don't agree with the wise man of old! He must have been a conservative-one of the barnacles that cling to the huge, helpless hull of antiquity. If he had practiced just exactly as he preached, that gorgeous temple never would have reared its shining pinnacles in the blue air of the holy city!

Moreover, "circumstances alter cases." Contented minds might have done very well in those gray old times when people lived a wandering, easy, shiftless sort of life, rolling up their tents and trudging off under the palmtrees, very much as traveling peddlers and itinerant ministers live now! The weather was very convenient, too-a rain of quails, with the article at fifty cents a pair, or a shower of manna, with flour at nineteen dollars a barrel, wasn't so unhandy. Besides, they didn't pay Croton water bills, and no greedy landlord pounced on 'em four times a year to pay their own weight in gold for tent-room and taxes!

We find, in the average run of every-day life, that "contented minds" are very apt to become anything but "continual feasts" with unlucky souls who are associated with them! Contented minds stand contentedly still! They vote against modern improvements; they persist in thinking that the old windlass is better than the modern chain pump; they assert, with features of stolidity, that tallow candles, pounding tubs, and toilsome sewing by hand are good enough for them! They don't believe in your new-fangled notions about machinery!" And when you think you are on the verge of converting them to some idea or other a few hundred years later than the times of Ptolemy or Plato, they suddenly "let you down" by a hollow groan, and a "Well, I dare say it's all very fine, but give me the good old good times!"

"contented minds." They are out cutting their grass with slow sweeps of the scythe and abundance of that part of our original punishment comprehended under the head of" sweat of the brow," while half a mile farther on a mowing machine hums merrily over the level meads, the incarnation of all-daring radicalism to their shocked vision. Their fences are all awry; their gates swing on one hinge; their windows are supported by sticks, like ancient pilgrims leaning on their staffs; they are propped here and braced there, and some day great will be the fall thereof! You see they are partaking of that "continual feast" alluded to in the proverb! Their girls pick berries for a few cents a quart, and invest the proceeds in gilt jewelry set with green and red glass; their boys, prematurely bent, sallow, and stunted, toil all day, and study "Daboll's Arithmetic" at night. Their fathers and mothers traveled the same beaten road before them; and the contented mind says," What is good enough for my father is good enough for my son !" It would be, perhaps, if the world were like a tortoise; but the world moves-it is a LIVE world!

Nature never stands still an instant; she is always progressing! From the tiny seed leaves to the perfect bud; from the bud to the blossom; from blossom to ripened seed, she moves to the grand march of creation. It is part of God's religion to move and live; we have no right to settle down like fossils and let the tide of improvement flow past us like a dream.

Don't be contented, young man! Don't rest until you have a home over your head; and then don't be contented until you have a thrifty wife and two or three rosy little ones to make it cheerful; and then don't be contented until you have surrounded it with trees and vines and graceful shrubs. Keep improving it as you would keep improving yourself; is it not a representation, a type of your own being?

Young woman, don't allow yourself to be deceived by the respectable old age and hoary plausibility of the axioms of conservatism. So far as things are irremediably, be contented

but not a hair's breadth farther. Keep improving yourself, mentally, physically, socially. Give your husband the daily example of noble aspirations and properly directed ambition. Set your children in life's broad path with their faces turned heavenward, and bid them never stand still, but move on upward to the goal Heaven itself intended us all to attain !

Did you ever travel? Well, the ruinous, tumble-down old farmhouses with wood-piles and pigsties in front and swampy wildernesses behind, invariably belong to the people of

them.

When you have reached the level God meant you to reach; when you have done life's work, be contented; until then, our advice is, "be discontented!" CRAYON BLANC.

NEW YORK,

JANUARY, 1868.

"IF I might give a short hint to an Impartial writer, it would be to tell him his fate. If he resolved to venture upon the dangerous precipice of telling unblaned truth, let him prociaim war with mankindneither to give nor to take quarter. If he tells the crimes of great men, they fall upon him with the iron hands of the law; if he tells them of virtues, when they have any, then the mob attacks him with slander. But if he regards truth, let him expect martyrdom on both sides, and then he may go on fearless, and this is the course I take myself."-De Foe.

THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL AND LIFE ILLUSTRATED is published monthly at $3 a year in advance; single numbers, 30 cents. Please address,

SAMUEL R. WELLS, 389 Broadway, New York.

SALUTATORY.

THE SHIP SAILS TO-DAY! We now embark on a new year's voyage, 1868. This is our THIRTIETH in the service. Our craft, the A. P. J., has been well tried; she is staunch and seaworthy; has never failed to keep all her appointments; never struck a rock; never collided; never entered port disabled, or "short of coals." She has often encountered head winds; has had frequent rough passages; weathering storms and encountering fresh gales. But with sails snugly reefed and hatches down she triumphantly rode out every gale. She has kept clear of dangerous coasts, and was never lost in the fog. She is worked by men of experience, knowledge, and ener gy. She never lost a passenger-though she has carried many thousands; has picked up and brought to land many lost wanderers, found floating hither and thither on the wild tempestuous seas of life, without compass or rudder-and hopeless!

Metaphor aside. We enter, to-day, upon the forty-seventh volume of the PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL. There is no broken link in the chain of months since it begun. It closed its last year's volume with a larger circulation than it ever before enjoyed since its rates of subscription were raised; an evidence that its principles are better appreciated than formerly, and that the prejudice which its earlier advocates unfortunately caused to be brought against it, is being overcome. Formerly, the clergy, and other good men, seeing Phrenology prostituted by bad men to ignoble purposes, took ground against it and them. The error on their part consisted in their confounding the genuine with the counterfeit; and in their haste to put down the

wicked, trampled on the good. A better state of things now prevails. The ignorant pretenders, the vulgar vagabonds, are leaving the field, and a better class succeed them. It was once believedand indeed it was so taught that one must of necessity act in accordance with his phrenological developments and inclinations; that the phrenological organs indicated just what he would do; in short, that he was fated to be good, or to be bad. Whereas the truth is, we are to study ourselves, discover our be setting sins, tendencies to excess or perversion, and in love and fear work out our salvation. Instead of being fated, we are left free to do as we please, right or wrong to be good or bad. No intelligent phrenologist ever pretended to tell what one has done, nor what he will do. He simply compares one with another, and points out differences, indicating capabilities, deficiencies, and what are his natural endowments. Is he artistic, mechanical? or is he inclined to literature, science, or philosophy? Is he generous? or is he selfish? Loving? or indifferent? Economical? or prodigal ? And so on through the catalogue of all the faculties. But though I But though I may have a violent temper, it does not follow that I shall commit murder. And though I may be skeptical, it is not to be inferred that I may not obtain a full measure of faith and become a consistent worshiper.

When our beautiful science shall be weeded from the vagaries that some of its ignorant advocates have hitched on to it; when it shall be freed from the incubus of ignorant pretenders, it will shine forth in its true colors, and be welcomed into the innermost recesses of the highest cultured minds.

We now have on our subscription books the names of a large number of clergymen, statesmen, authors, teachers, physicians, and men of science. They write us letters of heartiest thanks for write us letters of heartiest thanks for benefits received.

demand that it be taught to their sons and daughters. Our hope, dear reader, is in you. You who know something of it, can bring it to the notice of those who know nothing of it. And thus knowl edge shall be increased. Every word spoken in its favor, every page of print circulated, will be, if no more, as a “drop in the bucket;" and many drops make

an ocean!

WHAT GOOD WILL IT DO?

Place your hand on the head of a young man, and in kindness and in sincerity tell him his faults-his excess of appetite, willfulness, lustfulness, pride, passion, envy, jealousy; his heedlessness, or his timidity; his avarice, or want of economy; his lack of applica tion, or his plodding disposition; his respect for others, or the lack of it. Tell him his true character, and he will, at first, be startled at the revelation. He will confess, with meekness, the truthif truth you tell him-and, like Nicodemus, he will beg to know what he may do to be saved. You can then point out the way, and name the means. Your basis on which to build is the CONSTITUTION of MAN-body, brain, soul. Tell him how to live. Warn him against bad habits; and by the aid of science, revelation, and Christianity, it is in the power of a godly phrenologist to direct that young man in the way of light, love righteousness, and devotion. And this is our answer to the question, "What good will it do?"

ENCOURAGEMENT, NOT FLATTERY. None are all bad none all good. All have their faults. All their, virtues and graces. Kick, cuff, and scold a poor child-tell him he is only a dunce -that he has not a redeeming trait, and you do him an irreparable injury; you crush out all ambition and aspiration, and leave him a hopeless wreck. He gives up the ship, and relapses into a moping despondency. On the contrary, indulge a child-flatter him, make him believe he is greater and better than others he will become puffed up with vanity, egotism, and bombast. He will bore you with self-laudation, insufferable to one with only ordinary patience. He

or she has been literally spoiled by wicked flattery. A knowledge of Phrenology on the part of parents would have prevented excess in either case, and