The Science and Philosophy of the Organism: The Gifford Lectures Delivered Before the University of Aberdeen in the Year 1907[-08], Volumen1A. and C. Black, 1908 |
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Términos y frases comunes
abnormal acquired characters actual analysis analytical animals biology blastomeres blastula body called cells chemical cleavage complicated concept contingency course cumulation Darwinism differentiation discussion dogmatic Echinus ectoderm elements embryology endoderm entelechy Entw epigenesis equifinality equipotential equipotential systems evolution exist experiments explain fact factors faculty flatworm functional gastrula germ harmonious harmonious-equipotential systems heredity hypothesis hypothetic important individual morphogenesis instance kind Lamarckians Lamarckism larvae least lectures localisation logical machine material means metabolism morpho morphological adaptation natural selection nucleus occur ontogeny organisation organogenesis origin osmotic pressure phenomena philosophy phylogeny physiology plants possible present primary principle problem proof prospective potency protoplasm proved question regard regulation relation restitution result Rickert secondary seems sense single so-called sort specific spite stage stimuli structure systematics T. H. Morgan theory of descent tion tissue transformism true Tubularia typical variations vitalistic Weismann whole Wilhelm Roux word
Pasajes populares
Página 1 - I wish the lecturers to treat their subject as a strictly natural science, the greatest of all possible sciences, indeed, in one sense, the only science, that of Infinite Being, without reference to or reliance upon any supposed special exceptional or so-called miraculous revelation.
Página 140 - No kind of causality based upon the constellations of single physical and chemical acts can account for organic individual development; this development is not to be explained by any hypothesis about configuration of physical and chemical agents. . . . Life, at least morphogenesis, is not a...
Página 59 - Roux's morphogenetical result in all its features that, even in spite of this whole blastula, I now expected that the next morning would reveal to me the half-organisation of my subject once more ; the intestine, I supposed, might come out quite on one side of it, as a halftube, and the mesenchyme ring might be a half one also. But things turned out as they were bound to do and not as I had expected ; there was a typically whole gastrula on my dish the next morning, differing only by its small size...
Página 58 - Let us now follow the development of the isolated surviving cell. It went through cleavage just as it would have done in contact with its sister-cell, and there occurred cleavage stages which were just half of the normal ones. The stage, for instance, which corresponded to the normal sixteen-cell stage, and which, of course, in my subjects was built up of eight elements only, showed two micromeres, two macromeres and four cells of medium size, exactly as if a normal sixteen-cell stage had been cut...
Página 128 - A particularly striking case is that of Clavellina, an ascidian, that is to say, an animal organism of considerable complexity. " You first isolate the branchial apparatus from the other part of the body (which other part contains heart, stomach, and most of the intestine), and then you cut it in two in whatever direction you please. Provided they survive and do not die, as indeed many of them do, the pieces obtained by this operation will each lose its organization (becoming a mere sphere of cells...
Página 255 - ... some palaeontological evidence in support of pure comparative anatomy; and I also do not hesitate to allow that such a statement would be of a certain value with regard to a future discovery of the " laws " of descent, especially if taken together with the few facts known about mutations. But it is quite another thing with phylogeny on the larger scale. Far more eloquent than any amount of polemics is the fact that vertebrates, for instance, have already been "proved...
Página 329 - Mr. Hill is decidedly doctrinaire, but his book is packed with scientific and sociological facts, and it gives the reader healthy intellectual exercise" — Christian World. " Shows wide reading, is written in a forcible and clear style, and contains much that is interesting, fresh, and acute." — Aberdeen Free Press. " It is a book of equal calibre with Mr. Kidd's and goes even deeper than that remarkable production into the springs of life and conduct.
Página 140 - This development is not to be explained by any hypothesis about configuration of physical and chemical agents. Therefore there must be something else which is to be regarded as the sufficient reason of individual form-production. We now have got the answer to our question, what our constant E consists in. It is not the resulting action of a constellation. It is not only a short expression for a more complicated state of affairs, it expresses a true element of nature.
Página 330 - No reader should fail to find pleasure in a book so full of fresh and stimulating thought, expressed with great felicity of language." — The Scottish Review. " It is done with just the proper combination of sympathy and criticism." — British Weekly. "This little book on Eucken's Philosophy is of quite exceptional interest and importance.
Página 127 - I cannot fully describe the organisation of this form (Fig. 13 a), and it must suffice to say that it is very complicated, consisting of two very different chief parts, the branchial apparatus and the so-called intestinal sac ; if these two parts of the body of Clavellina are separated one from the other, each may regenerate the other in the typical way, by budding processes from the wound. But, as to the branchial apparatus, there may happen something very different : it may lose almost all of its...