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II, 70

Articles on both dutiable list and free list are dutible.
Association of words "handkerchiefs or mufflers" does not restrict provision to mufflers that

are of the character of handkerchiefs.

"By whatever name known".

Cabinet work not confined to movable furniture..
Change in language implying change of intent.

IV, 38, 486
V, 40, 256; VII, 124

VIII, 301
I, 216;

II, 70, 123, 314, 317, 342, 350, 408, 411, 459, 471, 477; III, 112, 184, 230, 240, 316, 430;
IV, 261, VI, 15, 154, 201, 232, 234, 246, 512, 525; VII, 86, 118, 213; X, 74; XII,334, 359.
Change in language implying no change in intent........ II, 485, 515; III, 168, 301; IV, 443; VIII, 60
Commonly used, evidence to show.....
Composed of included in chief value of..

Composed of meaning in chief value of.

"Composed of," "made of," and similar phrases...

I, 222

Conflict of laws, prior cases not to be pursued under 1922 act.

IV, 344; VI, 46
VI, 162; XI, 453
VI, 46, 209
XII, 93,

103, 104, 134, 137, 139, 218, 250, 253, 255, 306
Conflict of laws, currency conversion for goods brought in before act of 1921 made under prior
law

XII, 290

Conflict of laws, shortage reported under earlier act must be allowed on withdrawal under later
act....
Context of statute as a guide to..
I, 1; II, 526; VI, 376, 483, 512; VII, 30, 66, 213, 320, 385, 415;
VIII, 111, 137, 283, 395; IX, 124, 177; X, 49, 52, 74, 93; XI, 131, 345, 499; XII, 359, 539
Debates in Congress as aid to..
III, 309; VI, 451, 528, 534
Decision on merits of question conclusive even when claims in protests are different.... II, 192; III, 83
De minimis rule held inapplicable...

XII, 410

Descriptive and denominative terms..

Descriptive phrase relates to immediate antecedent-

Dictionary definition rejected..

Double enumeration, highest rate rule..

V, 377
II, 247

V,84
V,357

I, 120; II, 70; XII, 200

Double enumeration, no presumption that subsequent paragraph prevails over a preceding
one because latest expression of legislative intent. Both paragraphs contemporaneous
Doubt resolved in favor of importer..

II, 151
I, 120, 198, 309, 518; II, 101; III, 475, 509; IV, 134;
V, 178, 418; VI, 529; VII, 53, 63, 292, 354; IX, 229, 244, 298; X, 32, 57, 58, 183; XI, 139; XII, 407, 415, 451
Effect to be given to every part of a statute..
I, 443, 545; II, 80; VI, 255, 483
V, 63;

Ejusdem generis rule-

Cases involving...

IV, 480; V, 95; I, 252, 465, 477; II, 112; I, 252; IV, 287; II, 181, 422; I, 374; II, 181; VII, 114
Nail powder not a polishing powder.....
Emergency tariff act of 1921, relation to act of 1913.
Engines, auxiliary, for American vessels.....

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VI, 190
XI, 392, 435, 519; XII, 121, 266
VIII, 342

III, 57, 6789

VII, 371

V, 459

II, 317, III, 260, 265, 301

III, 479; VII, 1, 18, 367; VIII, 1; XI, 314
I, 312; III, 62; IX, 280

I, 171; II, 92, 399; III, 204; VI, 207, 273, 275; VIII, 422
V, 222

Expressed exception excludes every other possible exception.
Favored that gives effect to every part of statute..

Favored that gives effect to obvious intent of statute..

Favored that levies higher duty on advanced forms of manufacture.

"Fit only for" refers to commercial fitness.

"Fraud" (18 Stat. L., 186).

Furnished by statute itself..

I, 237; II, 389; III, 204
III, 301; V, 357

V, 357

V, 56

V, 178

II, 101; IV, 496; VII, 430

V, 121; XII, 359

V, 273

I, 158, 542;

II, 399, 444, 450; V, 320; XII, 377

I, 122; IV, 47; V, 28

VII, 243

VI, 105, 108; XII, 62

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VI, 201, 503; VII, 18, 66, 213, 394, 454; VIII, 1, 68, 102, 116, 137, 283; IX, 18, 153; XI, 131, 139, 345; XII, 62
History of times as a guide to..
II, 129, 342
II, 172, 342; IV, 105; V, 79
V, 534; VII, 56

"Including" as a word of extension.

Inconsistent customs practice...

Intent of legislature justifies reform of provision..........

Intent of legislature prevails over commercial meaning.
Judicial legislation forbidden.....

II, 80

II, 46

XII, 215

Language of statute may be altered to carry out intent.
Legislative recognition of...

II, 80; V, 273

..I, 457, 556; II, 70, 95, 112, 203, 301, 317, 368, 374, 515; III, 97, 220;
IV, 105, 464; V, 178, 222, 304, 331, 257; VI, 30; VII, 63, 66, 367, 454; VIII, 137, 141, 422; IX, 40, 53;
X, 183; XI, 50, 139, 217, 219, 220, 314, 453, 479, 495; XII, 334, 359.

II, 440
VI, 105, 162
V, 410

IV, 252

IV, 42; VII, 56

Liberal favored in case of goods for college use..

"Like articles," what are..

Limitation of subject matter applies to whole paragraph..

Liquor, outage. (See liquor.)

"Made of" held not to be equivalent to "in chief value of”.
Meaning of words changing in course of time...........
Modifying clause following several antecedents...--------
More specific provision-

Articles in part of braids than manufactures in chief value of silk.
Articles of porcelain than earthenware are crucibles......
Articles worn on person than manufactures of steel wire or metal.
Balls for games than toys....

Baskets of bamboo than manufactures of wood..

Budding and pruning knives than agricultural implements..

Calfskins tanned and dressed than grain leather..

Ceramic color than pigment n. s. p. f..........

II, 296; III, 117, 273, 276, 430

Cherries sulphured or in brine than cherries prepared or preserved in any manner.
Chip than wood.

Cider than fruit juice or sirup n. s. p. f...

Coal-tar colors than lakes, n. s. p. f....

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Cloth in part of wool than manufactures in chief value of india rubber.

III, 161

VI, 483

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Dress goods in part of wool (1909) than fabrics in chief value of silk (1913)...
"Embroidered or scalloped" than "composed of flax" or "composed of cotton".
"Embroideries

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Lace window curtains than curtains or Jacquard figured upholstery goods.
Laces and nettings than Jacquard figured manufactures of cotton..

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Construction-Continued.

More specific provision-Continued.

Volume

and page

Oriental rugs than rugs in part of wool...

Oriental drawings and sketches than works of art..

Projection lens than optical instruments..

Rule as to printing records.

Smokers' articles than leather cases....

Smokers' articles than manufactures of wood..

Staves than manufactures of wood...

Tamarinds than fruits in sugar..

Tiles, no competition in par. 72 (1913).

XI, 548

XI, 275

Printed matter than manufactures of bibulous paper (printed blotters).

XI, 464

VII, 169

VIII, 332

I, 377

X, 162

XI, 107

II, 380

XI, 13

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prepared" than "seaweed unmanufactured" (noritsukudani)....... XII, 463

VII, 299

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N. S. P. F. Clause affects classification only when specificity is equal..
Name of material used adjectively..

.......... IX, 124; XI, 102; XII, 502

IV, 252, 298, 430; VI, 192

Negative provision, effect of...

Not favored that imposes higher duty on interior product..

I, 309

V, 183

Not favored that imposes higher duty on inferior product, exception..

XII, 384

V, 320

XII, 212

Not favored that imposes higher duty on material than on finished product..
Not favored that imposes higher duty on material than on finished product, but sometimes
necessary.

"Notes on Tariff Revision" as aid to..

I, 152;

II, 350, 399, 411, 459, 485, 515; III, 120, 168, 183, 276, 301, 321, 370, 475; IV, 11, 29; V, 95, 256, 273,
331; VI, 92, 108, 201, 234, 379, 507; VII, 454.

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Of proviso reducing duties on leather (1909).

Of paragraph 358, act of 1913...

Of paragraph 920, act of 1922..

Of paragraph 1430, act of 1922..

Of proviso to lace paragraph (1909).

Of repealing section of tariff law.

Of stained glass windows provision (1913).

Of steel material paragraph (1897).

Of tea covering paragraph (1913)..

Of tile paragraph (22, act of 1913).

Of wire paragraph (1909)..

Of zinc material paragraph (1909).

"Or," "and" construed as..

"Or" meaning both "or" and “and”.

"Or" not meaning "and".

"Other paragraph" does not mean other provision in same paragraph.

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Presumption that commercial meaning is same as ordinary meaning.
Presumption that Congress recognizes court decisions.

Presumption that Congress recognizes change in meaning of words..
Presumption that legislature means what it says when language is plain.

Presumption that words mean the same in same statute..

Prior decisions based on meager records....

Prior decisions involving commercial designation..

II, 399; III, 184; XII, 377

XI, 131, 134

III, 204; XII, 62
VI, 100; XII, 407

IV, 42

I, 152;
III, 184; IV, 1, 242; VII, 3

I, 556
III, 301; V, 357

VI, 128

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Relative specificity does not depend on presence or absence of n. s. p. f. phrase.
Repeals not favored..

Report of committee as aid to..

Retroaction not favored..

Rule disappears when reason for it disappears.

Sauces of all kinds.

Scope of paragraph limited by heading.

Scope of paragraph not limited by heading.

Specific designation embraces all forms of goods named.

Specific designation held not to control..

Statute relating to ship's equipment..

Statutes must be construed as written.
Statutory distinctions considered

Statutory distinctions disregarded..

Strict when required..

Subsequent statutes as a guide to....
Susceptibility-

Appliquéd..

Cut or uncut..

Cutting into specified lengths.

Decoration...

Embroidered.

Filled or unfilled.

Hemstitched

Shelled or unshelled.

"Unwrought".

V, 261

IV, 58

XII, 121

VI, 146

XII, 93, 103, 104, 218, 266

II, 471

VIII, 27

VI, 137

IV, 392

IV, 64; V, 465; XI, 199

IV, 378; VI, 395; VII, 89, 213, 353, 361, 364, 485

VI, 146; VII, 166
X, 107

II, 11, 15, 70, 125, 481, 526;

III, 265; IV, 5; V, 134, 178, 304, 331; VI, 443, 467

III, 528; IV, 38, 486
II, 532; III, 430; VII, 3
I, 158

VII, 285

VI, 128

VI, 92, 97, 273

I, 93; II, 368

IV, 81, 486; VII, 285

V, 56

IV, 81, 486

VII, 454
I, 158

Use..

Tariff hearings as aid..

VII, 287, 296, 309, 406
I, 472

Tariff subheadings as a guide to..

I, 104, 529: III, 341; IV, 392; VI, 137; X, 201

Terms that refer to final conditions rather than process of manufacture.

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That has effect of levying prohibitory duties..

That levies a lower duty on the finished articles than on material from which made.
That would cause confusion in kindred provisions to be avoided...
Transposition of words and phrases permitted.

V, 506
III, 309

II, 65, 389

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Consular invoice's date governing currency conversion under 1921 act..

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