31. clamour moisten'd. The quartos read moistened her.' Sidney Walker combined the two words as an epithet of eyes.' full-fraught man and best indued,' Henry V, ii. 2. 139.

Compare the The objection

to that is that clamour' is the outcry and not the tears by which it was accompanied, but perhaps the clamour is the indirect cause of the tears. Malone regarded 'clamour' as the object of moisten'd.' Delius takes 'moisten'd' as an intransitive verb. There is probably some corruption.

34. one self mate and mate, one and the same pair. For 'self' see Twelfth Night, i. I. 39.

35. spoke not. We should say ‘have not spoken.' Compare 2 Henry VI, ii. 1. 2: 'I saw not better sport these seven years' day.'

42. elbows, stands at his elbow and reminds him of the past. Compare 2 Henry IV, i. 2. 81.

44. foreign casualties, the chances of life in another country. 51. dear. See iii. 1. 19.

Scene IV.

3. fumiter, fumitory, which Hanmer reads. The quartos have femiter'; the folios Fenitar.' In Gerarde's Herball (1597), p. 930, among the names of this plant is given In French and English Fumiterre.' See Henry V, v. 2. 45, where the first three folios have femetary.'

4. hor-docks, the reading of the quartos is retained, though it is not known what plant is intended. The folios have ' Hardokes' and 'Hardocks,' and to these words the same remark applies. The other readings which have been proposed are mere conjectures, and it is impossible to decide between them. Hanmer has bur-docks,' Steevens harlocks'; another proposes charlocks,' which is another name for the same plant; and Dr. Nicholson suggests 'hediokes.' I find 'hardhake' is given as the equivalent of Jacea nigra (or knapweed) in a MS. herbal in the library of Trinity College Cambridge (R. 14. 32); and in John Russell's Boke of Nurture (Early English Text Society, 1868), p. 183, is mentioned 'yardehok,' which is apparently a kind of hock or mallow. If the botanists could identify the plants mentioned under these names, either of them could easily be corrupted into Hardokes,' or 'hor-docks.'

Ib. cuckoo-flowers, called also, according to Gerarde, ladies' smocks, and wild watercress (Cardamine pratensis), 'flower for the most part in Aprill and Maie, when the Cuckowe doth begin to sing her pleasant notes without stammering.' (Herball, p. 203.)

6. A century, a troop of a hundred men. So in Coriolanus, i. 7. 3: If I do send, dispatch

Those centuries to our aid.'

For what, alas, can these my single arms?'

10. helps, cures. See note on The Tempest, ii. 2. 85.

15. anguish, generally used in Shakespeare of physical pain. See iv. 6.6.

6

17. aidant, helping. Compare conspirant,' v. 3. 136.

Ib. remediate, healing; a word of Shakespeare's coinage, which he seems to have formed on the model of immediate.'

26. important, importunate, which is Capell's reading. The folios have 'importun'd.' Compare Much Ado about Nothing, ii. 1. 74: If the prince be too important, tell him there is measure in every thing.'

27. No blown ambition, not like

'Cæsar's ambition,

Which swell'd so much that it did almost stretch
The sides o' the world.' (Cymbeline, iii. 1. 49.)

Scene V.

4. your lord. The quartos read 'your lady,' which of course is wrong. The error probably arose, as Malone suggests, from the single letter 'L.' being used to denote either word.

13. nighted, darkened.

Ib. descry, reconnoitre. So in Richard III, v. 3. 9:

'Who hath descried the number of the foe?'

20. by word, by word of mouth, verbally.

Ib. Belike, perhaps. See Midsummer Night's Dream, i. 1. 130: 'Belike, for want of rain.'

25. œillades, glances of the eye. See Cotgrave (Fr. Dict.): 'Oeillade : An amorous looke, affectionate winke, wanton aspect, lustfull iert, or passionate cast, of the eye; a Sheepes eye.' The quartos read 'aliads,' the first folio Eliads'; the rest 'Iliads.'

26. of her bosom, in her confidence. Compare Julius Cæsar, v. 1. 7:

Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know
Wherefore they do it.'

And Beaumont and Fletcher, A King and No King, i. 1: Were you no king, and free from these wild moods, should I chuse a companion for wit and pleasure, it should be you; or for honesty to interchange my bosom with, it should be you.' See also Othello, iii. 1. 58.

28. I speak in understanding. Compare 1 Henry IV, i. 3. 272 : 'I speak not this in estimation

As what I think might be, but what I know

Is ruminated, plotted, and set down.'

I. we. The folios read 'I.'

Ib. that same hill, mentioned at the end of Scene I.

2. climb up it. The quartos read 'climb it up.' For this transposition of the preposition see North's Plutarch, Pelopidas, p. 324 (ed. 1631): 'Notwithstanding, when they came to the hills, they sought forcibly to clime them vp.' And Isaiah xv. 5, with weeping shall they go it up.'

3. Horrible. See Abbott, § 1.

6. anguish. See iv. 4. 15.

14. gross, large, and hence distinct. Compare Henry V, ii. 2. 103: Though the truth of it stands off as gross

As black and white.'

15. samphire. The spelling of the folios and early quartos was 'sampire,' and Gerarde gives as one of its Italian names, Herba di San Pietro.' He says (Herball, p. 428) Rocke Sampier groweth on the rocky cliffes at Douer.' Cotgrave has (Fr. Dict.), 'Herbe de S. Pierre. Sampire, Crest

marin.'

18. yond. In the earlier quartos 'yon.' The spelling in Shakespeare's time was indifferently one or the other. See note on The Tempest, ii.

2. 20.

19. cock, cockboat. See the description of the shipwreck of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's fleet in Hakluyt's Voyages (ed. 1810), iii. 198: In this distresse, wee had vigilant eye vnto the Admirall, whom wee sawe cast away, without power to giue the men succour, neither could we espie any of the men that leaped ouerboord to saue themselves, either in the same Pinnesse or Cocke, or vpon rafters, and such like meanes, presenting themselues to meu in those extremities.' Welsh cŵch, a boat.

21. unnumber'd, innumerable. See note on 'untented,' i. 4. 291.

33, 34. Why I do. . . cure it. Dr. Abbott, § 411, gives this as an instance of the confusion of two constructions, Why I trifle is to cure,' and My trifling is done to cure.'

38. opposeless, irresistible. Formed on the analogy of 'resistless.' Other adjectives terminating in '-less' are generally from nouns, as 'noiseless," 'careless,' 'purposeless,' &c.

42. conceit, imagination. Compare Lucrece, 1298:

'Conceit and grief an eager combat fight.' See also Hamlet, iii. 4. 114, and note on Richard II, ii. 2. 33. 47. pass, pass away.

49. gossamer. The spelling of the quartos is 'gosmore,' and of the folios gozemore.'

6

53. at each, fastened each to each.

54. fell, fallen. Still common as a provincialism. For examples of other irregular participles see Abbott, § 344.

57. bourn, limit, boundary. See Hamlet, iii. 1. 79.

58. a-height, aloft.

Ib. shrill-gorged, shrill throated.

63. beguile, see ii. 2. 106.

71. whelk'd, swollen, as with whelks. We find the substantive in Fluellen's description of Bardolph, Henry V, iii. 6. 108: 'His face is all bubukles, and whelks, and knobs, and flames o' fire.' In Sherwood's English-French Dictionary, which forms the supplement to Cotgrave's second edition, 'whelke' is given as synonymous with wheale,' a blister or pustule. In the present passage the quartos spell the word 'welkt' or 'welk't'; the folios 'wealk'd' or 'walk'd.' In Chaucer (Pardoneres Tale, 14153, ed. T. Wright), we have:

For which ful pale and welkid is my face,' where 'welkid' is explained by Tyrwhitt as withered,' but seems to mean swollen with weeping, as in the following passage from Sackville's Induction, 80:

'Her wealked face with woful teares besprent.'

73. clearest, most pure. See Timon of Athens, iv. 3. 27: Roots, you clear heavens !'

74. men's impossibilities, things impossible to men.

77. That thing you speak of. See Abbott, § 417.

80. free, sound, not under the influence of disease. Compare iii. 4.

II:

'When the mind's free,

The body's delicate.'

81. safer, sounder, more sober. Compare Othello, ii. 3. 205:

'My blood begins my safer guides to rule.'

Ib. accommodate. See note on 'unaccommodated,' iii. 4. 101.

83. The leading thought in Lear's mind through the following speeches, is that he is at the head of his army, impressing soldiers, and putting them

to the trial, but his madness gambols from it at every turn.

Ib. coining. The folios have crying.'

87. like a crow-keeper, like one who scares crows from a field. crows is a common phrase in Suffolk.

i. 4. 6:

To keep

Compare Romeo and Juliet,

'Scaring the ladies like a crow-keeper.'

Douce quotes from Ascham's Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 145) a passage which exactly illustrates the text. In describing the faults to be avoided

by an archer he says: 'Another coureth downe, and layeth out his buttockes as though he shoulde shoote at crowes.'

88. a clothier's yard. 'A cloth-yard shaft' is familiar to the readers of the ballads of Chevy Chase and Robin Hood.

6

89. the brown bills, halberds used by foot soldiers. See 2 Henry VI, iv. 10, 13: For many a time, but for a sallet, my brain-pan had been cleft with a brown bill.' They were browned like the old Brown Bess to keep them from rust.

90. well-flown, bird! The phrase is from hawking, although Lear imagines that he is looking on at a shooting match.

Ib. i the clout, the mark in the centre of the target. See Love's Labour's Lost, iv. 1. 136: 'Indeed, a' must shoot nearer, or he'll ne'er hit the clout.' For 'i' the clout, i' the clout,' the quartos have in the ayre.'

92. the word, the pass-word.

96. and told me I had white hairs &c. Malone explains, "They told me I had the wisdom of age before I had attained to manhood.'

99. Mr. R. G. White reads to everything that I said ay and no to.' 101. peace. An instance of a verb formed from an interjection, like 'alarm.' It is used transitively in Merry Wives of Windsor, iv. 1. 26: 'Peace your tattlings!'

104. trick, a characteristic by which a person is recognized, whether it be the tone of the voice, or a habit or gesture.' Compare All's Well that Ends Well, i. 1. 107:

'Heart too capable

Of every line and trick of his sweet favour.'

And again, iii. 2. 9: 'I knew a man that had this trick of melancholy, sold a goodly manor for a song.' Also King John, i. 1. 85:

'He hath a trick of Coeur-de-Lion's face.'

106. the subject, a collective noun. Compare Measure for Measure, iii. 2. 145 The greater file of the subject held the duke to be wise.'

108. civet. See iii. 3, 100.

115. squiny, squint. See Armin's Nest of Ninnies, p. 6 (Shaks. Soc. ed.): 'The World, quaesie stomackt, as one fed with the earth's nectar and delicates, with the remembrance of her own appetite, squinies at this, and lookes as one scorning.' Still used in Suffolk.

119. it is, emphatic, as in Macbeth, i. 3. 141:

'And nothing is,

But what is not.'

122. case, the socket of the eye. See Winter's Tale, v. 2. 14: They seemed almost, with staring on one another, to tear the cases of their eyes.'

123. are you there with me? is that what you mean? So in As You Like It, v. 2. 32: 'O, I know where you are'; that is, what you mean.