partial or perfect close; unless arrested by another emphatic word; in which case the voice recovers from the slide to repeat the previous process. (Plate, Fig. 7.) Examples. What think ye of Christ whose son is he? Who is this! Whom do men say that I, the Son of man, am ! Why tempt ye me! Why, what evil hath he done! What will ye then that I shall do unto him whom ye call the king of the Jews! By what authority doest thou these things; or who gave thee this authority ! Why could not we cast him out ! When saw we thee an hungered, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee! Who could witness, without indignant desperation, the mother who bore him, inhumanly murdered in the defence of her infants Where is the youth in this assembly, who could, without agonized emotions, behold the Gallic invader hurling the brand of devastation into the dwelling of his father, or with sacrilegious cupidity plundering the communion-table of his God! IX. Emphasis in indirect interrogations is preceded by the upper and followed by the lower sweep: producing the waving slide of this species of question. (See Plate, Fig. 2, e. f.) Examples. Your father gave you permission to go there yesterday You will ride to town to-day! You will ride to town to-day! X. The effect of emphasis on the first part of a double interrogative is the same as that on definite interrogatives; and on the second part, it is the same as that on indefinite interrogatives, except that the upper emphatic sweep is scarcely ever developed. The strong tendency to slide down is almost too strong even for accentual sweeps. (See Plate, Fig. 6, 7.) Examples. Can we see God, or must we believe in him? Will you ride to town to-day, or to morrou! Art thou he that should come, or do we look for another! CHAPTER VI. THE BEND, SWEEPS, SLIDES AND CLOSES APPLIED. THE design of the rules which follow, it must be borne in mind, is to prescribe only the peculiar and therefore characteristic delivery of the different species of sentences, enumerated in the Classification. With regard to pitch, force and rate, they are silent; and also with regard to emphasis: to the former, because it is a fundamental assertion in this system of elocution, that whatever the pitch, force or rate, the sentence is delivered, if delivered correctly, in the same manner: to the latter, because emphasis merely modifies the characteristic delivery of a sentence, without changing it; and more especially, because it modifies it in conformity to fixed and invariable rules which have been stated and illustrated with great care in the preceding chapter: rules, showing that its effects depend not at all on the structure of sentences, but with one or two exceptions, upon its position relatively to the pauses. The exceptions referred to, relate to its effects when unusually strong and on the rising and falling slide. (See Emph. Sec. 2, VI, VII, VIII.) Such being the scope of the rules which follow, I now add that the consideration of pitch, force, rate and emphasis, is by no means excluded from the exercises under them. On the contrary, there is nothing, comprised in the general subject of modulation, which is not here to be applied. For this purpose the following directions are given, with great confidence in the tendency of a compliance with them to form a correct, varied and graceful delivery. 1. Describe the sentence before you, as simple or compound; declarative, interrogative or exclamatory; close, compact or loose, &c. continually defining what you mean by simple, by compound, &c. &c. 2. State the proper punctuation; and why proper, with allowable deviations; and in what circumstances allowable. 3. Give its characteristic delivery under the rule. 4. Deliver it at every variety of pitch; finally at the true or medium pitch: with every variety of force; finally with the proper degree with every variety of rate; finally with the proper rate. 5. Show what would be the effect of emphasis on each of the words in succession, or some of the most important of them; and the reason why; and finally point out the true emphatic word, and describe the effect of emphasis on it. 6. Now deliver the sentence, as modified by emphasis. In obeying the last of these directions, the student should be careful to give as full a development of the emphatic sweeps, as the nature of the case will allow. No harm will be done, if even they are a little exaggerated; that is, if their curves are expanded somewhat beyond the actual demands of the sense. They break up, and break up effectually, habits of monotony: they give compass and variety to intonation; flexibility and power to the voice. SEC. I. SIMPLE SENTENCES. CLASS I. SIMPLE DECLARATIVE SENTENCES. RULE I. Simple declarative sentences are delivered with accentual sweeps, the bend, if necessary, at intermediate pauses, and perfect close. Accentual sweeps, it will be remembered, are those slight undulations produced in the tenor of speech by articulatory accents: the bend, a slight upward turn of the voice: perfect close, a fall of the voice at the end of a sentence to the key, or below it. (See Modulation, ch. iii.) For the effects of emphasis, see Emphasis, ch. v. sect. ii. Simple sentences seldom have intermediate pauses, and when they do, the bend is not always associated with them: a bare suspension of the voice being all that is necessary to mark the division of sense. (See Plate, Fig. 8, a. b.) Examples for exercise. Jesus wept. Rejoice evermore. Birds fly. Remember Lot's wife. It was the general. All were hushed. Pray without ceasing. It is not ten years ago. The national independence had been won. Let love be without dissimulation. Be of the same mind one toward another. Let every one be subject to the higher powers. Let every one please his neighbor for his good to edification. Ye are the light of the world. I was never there in my life. I have told you the truth. I heard their drowning cry, mingling with the wind. He was distinguished by modesty. That garment is not well made. Be not forward in the presence of your superiors. He left his father's house for the halls of the academy. We were up before daylight to enjoy the magnificent spectacle of the rising sun. His great qualities were attended by a due sense of his own imperfections. Then shall the innumerable varieties of the human race worship in her glorious temple. It shall turn to you for a testimony. Ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake. He makes a vow to forsake the world. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition. I received a letter in time to reply before the departure of the mail last Saturday morning. Accept the patriotic farewell of an overflowing heart. The universe might be poised on a drop of water kept in a compact state. Now did Micah begin to see some little glimpses of his own error. This occasioned his being hissed by the whole audience. His wit was of the first order. The stores of his mind were inexhaustible. The army is loaded with the spoil of many nations. Let no one detract from the influence of woman. Now the God of peace be with you all. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. And every man went to his own house. Thou art the Son of God. Now his parents went every year to Jerusalem at the feast of the passover. Their claim possesses a peculiar title to our consideration. The contest becomes, at last, a scene of unmitigated anguish. Virtue' is the condition of happiness. Ignorance' is the mother of error. One ounce of gold' is worth fifteen ounces of silver. To listen to the voice of reason is always safe. The distinction of his fortune was the consequence of his temerity. The whole course of his life has been distinguished by generous actions. The study of mathematics is an excellent discipline of the mind. Sensitiveness to the approbation of virtuous men, is laudable. At Of neither of these persuasives' have the effects been great. the bottom of the garden' ran a little rivulet. With his conduct last evening I was not pleased. That interesting history' he did not read. To the perusal of the authors of the second class I shall now proceed. To the ancients fire-arms were unknown. That he is a great man you cannot deny. After a denial of the charge he withdrew in dignified displeasure to his own house. To pray well is the better half of study. Over these matchless talents probity threw her brightest lustre. To the fate of the government is united the fate of the country. But on this part of the subject I need not enlarge. For successive infractions of the law these punishments may be increased up to a certain limit. Of a new truth then flashed on his mind the first gleams. Another impediment to excellence is versatility. From the nature of Christianity this must be so. Like a spectre in the night, the grandeur of Rome has vanished. Among the most remarkable of its attributes, is justice. To the necessity of endeavoring to reach New York by land, this embarrassing circumstance reduced him. To her, many a soldier, on the point of accomplishing his ambition', sacrifices the opportunity. Vanity, of all the passions, is the most unsocial. I cannot part with you, fellow-citizens, without urging the long remembrance of our present assembly. He ought, therefore, to take the greatest care of the fortune still in his possession. The prayers of David, the son of Jesse, are ended. And very early in the morning, the first day of the week, they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun. In the autumn of 1783′, the war had closed with glory. The different periods of revolving day seemed each, with cunning magic', to diffuse a different charm over the scene. The loss of reputation for good management', is, in this case, to be traced to a little circumstance. Risk not, for a moment, in visionary theories, the solid blessings of your lot. But on this part of the subject, I need not enlarge. The less pleasing task now devolves upon me, of bidding you, in the name of the nation, adieu. The success of one, is the disappointment of multitudes. The surest evidence of Robert Hall's greatness, is the very fact of his celebrity. You may be assured, gentlemen', of my continued regard. You live, my friends', in an extraordinary age. It is too late, now', to make a fresh distribution of the honors to the worthies of the Revolution. To all, in truth, the same lesson comes. Suddenly, the sound of the signal-gun broke the stillness of the night. We will endeavor to refute, now, his third argument. To a great extent, the same is true of literary pursuits. But every difference of opinion, is not a difference of principle. It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Besides, sir, we have no election. He may not accept the invitation without the permission of his parents. An orator may often, by this kind of style, gain great admiration, without being near to his proper end. It has been usual, on occasions like the present', to give a history of the wrongs endured by our fathers. In the prodigious efforts of a veteran army beneath the dazzling splendor of their array', there is something revolting to a reflecting mind. Sir, I see no wisdom in making this provision for future changes. Beyond that, I seek not to penetrate the veil. Nations would do well To extort their truncheons from the puny hands With eye askance I view the muscular proportioned limb Transformed to a lean shank. And still, in memory's twilight bowers, |