tion of the circumstances he was superseded by Gen. N. P. Banks, of Massachusetts.

The clothes of the men had become very much worn and they were almost shoeless. What new pants they had were distributed, but not a pair of shoes could be obtained. Necessity is the mother of invention. Lieut. George W. Colbath, of Dover, was detailed to head the force; leather, thread, awls and hammers were obtained; pegs were made with knives, and soon several shoemaker's shops were extemporized and in full operation in the grove where the regiment was encamped; the old shoes were mended, and the men's feet thus made comfortable for the time.

The boys were obliged to make all sorts of shifts to cover their nakedness. Three of them got a sutler's sign, painted upon cotton cloth-" Pies and Cakes," divided it into three parts, and patched the seats of their pantaloons with it. Their positions were together in the line, and when on parade it read from right to left of the company, "PIES AND CAKES," to the no small amusement of the regiment.

Another man patched the seat of his pantaloons with the discarded covering of a ham, plainly marked in circular form, "SUGAR-CURED HAMS, FOR FAMILY USE."

An institution of the regiment, and indeed of the army, was the fife-major, Francis H. Pike, of Manchester. Any attempt to describe his personal appearance would be futile. He could only be appreciated after having been seen, in full uniform, baton in hand, at the head of the regiment. Those who never saw him thus have yet to see a fife-major. He had left his gaudy uniform at Point of Rocks and had on only a fatigue cap and blouse. Walking up to the hotel door, where a guard was stationed with strict orders to let none pass in but commissioned officers, he was sud

denly brought to a halt. Drawing himself up to his full height and looking down upon the sentinel with the utmost indignation, he calmly, but with great authority asked-"Do you know who I am, sir?" The sentinel felt the majesty of his speech and meekly inquired, "Are you an officer?" "What do I look like, sir?" replied the indignant fife-major. "Pass,"

was the laconic answer.

On Monday, July 15, at five o'clock in the morning, the regiment with the rest of the division under Gen. Patterson-consisting of twenty-seven regiments and six hundred wagons-were on the march, and all hearts were fired with enthusiasm when they found themselves on the road to Winchester. The rebels were scattered along the road in small companies, but fled on the approach of the Union army. A few cannon shots were occasionally exchanged, but no one was injured. They arrived at Bunker Hill, ten miles from Martinsburg, about two o'clock, P. M., and encamped on ground just vacated by the rebels, a small force of whom retreated from Bunker Hill with the utmost haste. They were now within fifteen miles of Winchester, and were elated with the expectation of being led next morning to that place, either to engage the enemy or to intercept and prevent him from re-enforcing the army at Manassas.

The day was passed in a feeble reconnoisance in the direction of Winchester, with no results. The next morning, the 17th, at day light, instead of advancing on Winchester, a retreat to Charlestown, twelve miles, was commenced. It now became quite evident that there was no design on the part of Gen. Patterson to meet the enemy. The army marched into the village of Charlestown about noon, taking the people by surprise. The men were discouraged and demoralized.

They had several times expected to meet the rebels, and had as often been disappointed, which they charged upon Gen. Patterson.

Charlestown was a place of more than ordinary interest to the troops as the scene of John Brown's imprisonment, trial and execution. The court house, jail and the site of the gallows, were visited by thousands, and anything that could be gathered in the form of relics, was carried away.

On the night of the 18th, Capt. Kelley's company, while on picket, captured a horse and carriage with two men. They also arrested two negroes at different times, who proved to belong to the same master, and both told the same story, as follows: Their master was in the rebel army; their overseer, who lived two miles out of the village, was captain of a company of local militia. On the approach of our army he disbanded the company; secreted their arms under the eaves of the Court House; hid his uniform, and went home. A report was made in the morning at head-quarters and a search was ordered. Lieut. Nettleton, of Co. D, being that day Lieutenant of the guard, commenced the search in the attic, but found nothing, when he was informed by a citizen that he helped bury the arms in the cellar of the Court House, whereupon Lieut. Nettleton set a squad of the Massachusetts Twelfth to digging, Capt. Barton being present and assisting. Forty-three stand of arms were found, which were carried away by the Massachusetts Twelfth, who claimed the credit of the discovery. All the County records, stationery, &c., were found here, evidently buried in great haste. Lieut. Nettleton, with a squad of men, surrounded a house and arrested a rebel Lieutenant and his accomplices, securing their arms.

On the night of the 20th the regiment received the first information of fighting at Manassas, and in the

night received orders to cook one day's rations. On the morning of the 21st, the day of the battle of Bull Run, the division marched to Harper's Ferry, six miles, and encamped on Bolivar Hights. Before marching from Charlestown, Col. Stone gave orders to his command that any man stealing from the citizens should have his head shaved and be drummed out of the camp, as the least punishment. Said he, "I never was in or saw an army that conducted as this did at Bunker Hill, the New Hampshire First excepted."

Gen. N. P. Banks was appointed to supersede Gen. Patterson, and arrived on the night of the 24th and assumed the command, much to the gratification of officers and men, all of whom had looked upon the latter with distrust for some weeks. The change of cammanders inspired the men with new spirit and confidence in the ultimate success of the cause for which they had been called from the peaceful walks of life.

On the 28th the First Regiment moved three miles to Sandy Hook, where they went into camp and remained until the 2d of August, when, their term of enlistment having expired, they embarked on board the cars for New Hampshire. They were paid, mustered out of service and discharged at Concord on the 12th of August, 1861.

The casualties in the regiment were as follows:

Discharged before leaving the State,

Discharged by reason of disability,

Discharged by court-marshal,

Deaths from different causes,

Captured by the enemy,

Transferred to 2d N. H. Regiment,
Deserted,

Total,

3

13

2

4

5

1

7

35

Although the First New Hamsphire Regiment did not have the privilege of inscribing any pitched battles upon their banner-which was no fault of their's-they yet rendered very arduous and important service to the country, at a time when to hesitate was to be lost, and never shirked any duty which they were called to perform, or which the imperiled country required at their hands. Many, if not most, of the men of this subsequently re-enlisted and. served in other New Hampshire regiments with honor and distinction. Lieut. Col. Whipple was made Colonel of the Fourth; Major Stevens was Colonel of the Thirteenth; Adjutant Fellows was Colonel of the Third, and also of the Ninth; Capt. Bell was Colonel of the Fourth on the resignation. of Col. Whipple; Capt. Barton was Lieut. Colonel of the Heavy Artillery; Quartermaster Batchelder served in the Army of the Potomac as Brigade and Division Quartermaster, with honor to the State; Surgeon Crosby-who unlike many surgeons in the army then and subsequently, knew and kindly, carefully and faithfully administered to the needs of the men, and will ever be remembered with great respect-rendered most valuable service in the Army of the Potomac. Chaplain Abbott, than whom no regiment ever had a more patriotic, faithful and industrious one, returned to his high calling and has labored consistently for the salvation of the souls of men. He compiled a small book, containing thirty or forty hymns, for the use of his regiment, which was the first one of its kind in the army. Capt. Sturtevant was Major of the Fifth Regiment and was killed at the battle of Fredericksburg; Capt. Drew was Lieut. Colonel of the Fourth; Lieut. Sawyer was Major of the Fourth; Lieut. Fuller was Adjutant of the Fourth; Capt. Kelley was afterwards Brigade Quartermaster; Captains Greenleaf and Sleeper, and Lieuts. Clough and Wallace were Captains in the Fourth;