Appropriations. Appropriation of money for the relief of widows under this law come from the county or city through the board of supervisors or the board of estimate and apportionment, as the case may be. It is within the discretion of such boards to make an appropriation or not. In many counties the boards have made proper provisions in the way of money for the relief of widows under this law. In some counties the boards have either failed or refused to make any appropriation.

The child welfare boards are forbidden to expend or contract to expend any money under this law unless funds have been appropriated for the purpose.

The powers and duties of the board.-Must meet fix dates for meetings, which must be at least monthly. Establish rules for the conduct of its business, which shall provide for the careful investigation of all applicants for allowances and the adequate supervision of all persons receiving allow

ances.

Keep a full and complete record in every case coming either directly or indirectly within the jurisdiction of the board, which record shall be available to the proper authorities of the city or county interested.

Consider applications for and grant such allowances, in case of an appropriation, as the law permits. An allowance is made in the discretion of the board, and upon a majority vote of the board duly entered upon the minutes at any regular or special meeting, and the same may be increased or diminished or totally withdrawn, in the discretion of the board.

Report annually in detail, in counties to the board of supervisors, and in cities to the mayor, the result of its transactions for the preceding fiscal year, with such conclusions and recommendations as may be deemed proper, and oftener if required by the supervisors or mayor.

Submit annually to the proper fiscal authorities an estimate of the funds required to carry out the purposes of the law; in a county before the annual meeting of the board of supervisors for appropriating moneys and levying taxes, and in a city at the time provided by law for the submission of other departmental estimates.

Be subject to the general supervision of the State board of charities, and make such reports as such board may require.

Allowances. Allowances are to be made to only such persons, and for such purposes, and in the manner, as provided by this law.

An application for allowance is to be made upon such forms as provided for by the board, and may be made directly to the local board or to any member thereof. An allowance must not be granted unless the board is satisfied that the mother is a suitable person to bring up her own children, and is otherwise legally entitled to relief under this law, and that aid is necessary to prevent the care of such child or children in an institutional home.

An allowance cannot be made for a longer period than six months without renewal, but may be renewed or continued from time to time at the same or different amounts, for similar periods or less, either successively or intermittently, or may be revoked at the pleasure of the board.

An allowance cannot exceed the amount or amounts which it would be necessary to pay to an institutional home for the care of such child or children.

Allowances are to be paid out of moneys appropriated for such purpose as above noted, or otherwise available by the board for such purpose.

Who entitled to aid. Widowed mothers with one or more children under the age of sixteen years, provided such mothers are proper persons, mentally, morally and physically to care for and bring up such child or children; and further, that her deceased husband was a citizen of the United States

at the time of his death, and that such widow has been a resident of the county or of the city wherein the application is made, for a period of two years immediately preceding the application.

A widow must be in such need of aid that without it she must have her child or children cared for in an institutional home, and of this fact the board must be satisfied before it can grant an allowance; and she must also be a person, in the opinion of the board, who is a suitable mother to bring up her own children.

Complaints and penalties.-A person having knowledge of relief being granted in violation of this law, may file a verified complaint, in writing, with the State board of charities setting forth the particulars.

A person who procures or attempts to procure, directly or indirectly, any allowance hereunder, for or on account of a person not entitled thereto, or knowingly or wilfully pays or permits payment to any person not entitled to relief hereunder, will be guilty of a misdemeanor.

CHAPTER XVI

DEEDS AND MORTGAGES

1. Deeds

2. Mortgages on real property

3. Chattel mortgages

1. Deeds. Except by act or operation of law, or by last will and testament, no estate or interest in real property, beyond a lease for a term not exceeding one year, can be created, granted, assigned, surrendered, or conveyed, or declared, except by a deed or conveyance in writing, subscribed by the person so creating, granting, assigning, surrendering, declaring or conveying same, except, that such person may so sign, execute and deliver same through another upon whom such power has been conferred by a written power of attorney.

The execution of a deed must be acknowledged before a Notary Public or other person authorized to take acknowledgments thereof.

The title or interest intended to be conveyed vests in the grantee only upon the delivery to and acceptance by him of the deed. This must take place during the lifetime of the parties.

The grantor cannot convey any greater interest or title than he or she possesses, though a less estate may be granted and conveyed.

The grantor must be a person capable of making a valid contract. Infants, idiots, and persons declared to be of unsound mind, cannot make and execute a valid deed. Title from such incompetent persons can only be obtained through a deed executed pursuant to a decree of a competent court.

Deeds are known as Warranty; Full Covenant Warranty; Quit-claim; Referee's; Trustees'; Execu