bbé Mably, Principes des Négociations,
i. 278.

Aberdeen, magistrates of, appoint re-
ceiver at Slusa in 1456, i. 296.
Abnormal jural relations, of States, i.
223; anti-jural, ib., ii. 3; realisation
of, transitory, 5; defined by neces-
sity, ib.; to what extent separable
or inseparable from man? 6; ulti-
mate question, ib.; future possibili-
ties, 7; lessons from history, ib.;
future hopes, ib.; human control of
forces, ib.; precedence of active rela-
tions, 9 et seq.; proximate in con-
flict with ultimate will, 10; what
justifies inactivity, ib.; our duty to
each other, ib.; misconceptions on
the subject of neutrality, 11.
Absolute and relative equality, ii. 260.
Absolute security to freedom involves
absolute supremacy, ii. 34; incon-
sistent with reciprocating will and
power, ib.

Abstract forms of government, i. 204.
Abyssinian war of 1867-68, i. 250.
Accurtius, i. 403.

Acollas, M. Emile, i. 202.
Adair, Sir Robert, i. 263.
Advancing and retrograding States, ii.

201.

Africa, Central, its future prospects, ii.
28; efforts of the King of the Bel-
gians, 29.

Aggression, social and industrial, ii.
25; how effected, ib.; domicile and
nationality part company, ib.; con-
flicts which arise, 26; war justified
in cases of, 26; where an interna-
tional duty, 41.
Ahrens, on legal relations, i. 397.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Nov. 1818, Protocol of
Conference of the Five Powers, i. 245.
Alabama, arbitration case, i. 52; pro-
ceedings of, did not cost a single life,

ii. 101; effect of Geneva decision re-
garding, 106.

Alberoni, Cardinal, ii. 220.
Algeria, conquest of by France, no

violation of international law, i. 161.
Alien Acts of 1792, 1793, i. 344.
Alien, his right to hold property, i.

410; but no claim to public rights,
412; the rule in Scotland, 415.
Alienable private rights, ii. 84; subject
to dominium eminens, ib.; conversion
of, into public rights, 86 et seq.
Alsace under German or French law, i.
395.

Alsace and Lorraine, their position, ii.

82; will soon be quite German, 121.
Alva, Duke of, and the Netherlands, i.
150.

Amalfi, consuls appointed at, i. 294.
Ambassadors, the rank of, i. 173.
Ambassadors and diplomatic agents,
their rights, i. 248; extend to house
and suite, 249; inability to protect,
250; privileges abused in former
times, ib.; marriage by, 251; to lie
for their country no longer duty of,
269.

America violated law of nations by

selling arms to France, ii. 149.
American prize courts and the Circas-
sian, i. 445; Foreign Enlistment
Act, ii. 476; and Polynesian groups
of international organisms, 297.
Anarchical forces, how begotten, ii. 8.
Anarchies intolerant, i. 132.
Anarchy the condition of international
existence in Europe, ii. 237.
Ancient Indian ideas about war: con-
querors should kindly treat the van-
quished, ii. 429; Rajputs should
fight fairly, and spare the van-
quished, &c., 430; needless warfare
condemned, 433; praise of a war-
rior's life, 434.

Anglo-Saxon race, M. Prévost Paradol
on the growth of, i. 130; the politi-
cal mission of, 233; confederation of,
ii. 293; chief obstacle to, ib. ; ethni-
cal bond sufficient for mutual pro-
tection, ib.; incomplete without
United States, ib.; confederation of
a colonial and municipal question,

294.
Anti-aggression league, value of, i. 268.
Appeal to belligerents and to the press,
ii. 423 et seq.

Aquinas, Thomas, i. 67, 68, 73.
Arbitration, a new form of combat, ii.
156; as the scientific solution of the
ultimate problem, 208; tribunals of,
210; limit of hope of, 211.
Armaments once reduced irrevocable,
ii. 277; military class would oppose
reduction of, 278.

Armed ships and arms, sale of, ii. 159;
distinction between, 160.
Armenia, reforms in, ii. 16.
Armistices, &c., ii. 389.

Arntz, M., on intervention, ii. 50.
Aryan races, nature-religions of, and
Christianity, i. 114, 115; in India,
not inferior to Anglo-Saxon, ii. 298.
Assimilation of legal systems, i. 371,
377, 378; certainty the great end to
be aimed at, 379.

Atheists, when citizenship extended to,
i. 113.

Austin, i. 83.

Australia, future greatness of, ii. 290.
Austro-Hungarian Empire, a composite
State, i. 196; "Delegations," ií. 276.
Ayala, Balthazar, De jure et officiis bel-
licis, i. 67; unjust view of, by
Grotius, 72.

Balance of power, i. 44; doctrine
of, ii. 197; imperfections acknow-
ledged, 198; consists in guarantee-
ing existing jural relations, ib.;
substituting new jural relations, ib.,
204; its merits and defects, 199; a
proclamation of solidarité, ib.; a
protest against egotism, ib.; teach-
ing of doctrine of, 200; a perpetual
casus belli, 201; a scheme of devel-
opment, 203; equivalents for the
three factors, 204; retrospective and
special, 205; formulates no general
rule, ib.; the ideal of, ib.; an empty
diplomatic fiction, ib.; convenient
peculiarity of, 206; condemned by
recent royal writer, ib.; supplies no
executive, 207; coalition called into
existence by, ib.

Balmoral and Osborne private pro-
perty, ii. 77.

Bank of England, effect of seizure of,
ii. 154.

Bar, C. L. von, Das Internationale
Privat und Strafrecht, i. 355.
Barbarous communities, civilisation of,
ii. 250.

Barbary States never recognised by
European nations, i. 161.
Barbeyrac, his preface to Pufendorf, i.
71; his treatment of scholastic
jurists, 73; on voluntary law, 76;
on treaties, 263, 271.
Bartolus and Baldus, i. 65, 68; tar-
gets for the wit of Rabelais, 403.
Basle, treaty of, i. 38.
Bavaria, separate political rights, i.

Bell, George Joseph, on the law-mer-
chant, i. 381, 384; a great text-
writer on, ib.

Belligerency, property sacrificed before
life, i. 57; the limits of, 62; a public
right, 81; no rule of satisfactory to
both sides, 166.
Belligerent, recognition, i. 141; lega-
tion, 238; rights, jura publica, ii.
57;
when recognition ceases, 61;
rights of private property, 97; may
enforce purchase, ib.; regarding
ships, 98; nationalisation, 141;
free trade between, 149; and neu
trals, 166; irritability, 167; as
such, cannot send or receive am-
bassadors, i. 143.
"Benevolent neutrality," i. 234;
claimed from England, ii. 149.
Bentham's essay, ii. 227; failure of
his scheme, 228; his clearness of
view, ib.; his prediction fulfilled, ib.;
on mutual disarmament, 229; on
national morality, 230; his know-
ledge of character, 231; proposed
common tribunal, 232; shallowness
of his philosophical system, 233.
Berlin, Congress of, in 1878, i. 177;
showed the folly of recognising

Turkey as European State, ib.;
status quo established at, ii. 200.
Bernard, Mr Montague, Lectures on
Diplomacy, i. 180.

Bernardi v. Motteux, i. 329.
Bernstorff, Count, and benevolent
neutrality, i. 234.

Bismarck and the siege of Paris, i. 132.
Black Sea, neutralisation of, i. 45.
Blackstone on the custom of merchants,
i. 384.

Bloodless battle of life, ii. 255.
Blumenbach, Collectio craniorum diver-
sarum gentium, i. 93.
Bluntschli, Dr, Gegenwart, i. 56, 83;

a philosopher and theologian, 85;
Droit International Codifié, ib.; on
equality of nations, 172; on neutral-
ity, ii. 11; Moltke's letter to, 21;
on needless cruelty, 80; on private
rights, 85; on neutrality, 133; on
the ultimate problem, 188; on Henry
IV. of France, 216; repudiates the
status
quo, 242; his criticism of the
author's scheme, 243; on interna-
tional language, 268; on interna-
tional executive, 270; his patriot-
ism, 272.

Boers, the negotiations with the, i.
229.

Boethius, i. 66.

Bologna, no study of public interna-
tional law at, i. 64.
Bombardment, ii. 412.

Bordeaux, effect of seizing wine-cellars
of merchants of, ii. 153.
Brahmanism and Buddhism, i. 100;
ii. 98.

Brain and muscle, action of, ii. 255.
Brehon laws and the clan system, i. 97.
Breslau, the law of succession in, i.
378.

Bright, Mr, Glasgow Rectorial Address,
ii. 7; on expenditure caused by war,
ib.; on Egyptian war of 1882, 119.
British Naval Prize Act, 1864, ii. 455;
prize courts, 456; High Court of
Admiralty, ib.; appeal, judicial
committee, ib.; vice-Admiralty prize
courts, 458; general orders, 459;
proceedings by captors, 460; claim,
appraisement, delivery on bail, sale,
462; small armed ships, 463; goods,
ib.; monition to captors to proceed,
464; claim on appeal, ib.; land ex-
peditions, ib.; conjunct capture with
ally, 465; joint capture, ib.; offences
against law of prize, 466; pre-emp-
tion, ib.; capture by ship other than
ship of war, ib.; prize salvage, 467;

prize bounty, 468; ransom, 469;
convoy, 470; customs, duties, and
regulations, ib.; perjury, 471; limi-
tation of actions, &c., 472; petitions
of right, 473; orders in council, 474;
savings, ib.

British Neutrality Regulations, 1870:
neutrality proclamation, ii. 446;
letter of Lord Granville to the
Lords Commissioners of the Admir-
alty, 452.

British ship carries British law, i. 309.
Brocher, M., Droit Internationale
Privé, i. 428.

Bruges, Scotch staple transferred from,
to Campvere in 1444, i. 296.
Brunnow, Baron, on Paris treaty 1856,
i. 49.

Brunus, Conrad, De Legationibus, i. 67,
272; not much known to other
writers, ib.

Brussels, Conference of, 1874, ii. 76,

337. See also Conference at Brussels.
Buller, Mr Justice, on Lord Mansfield,
i. 382.

Bulmerincq, M., on "le sentiment
juridique international," ii. 107.
Bulwer, Sir Henry, dismissed by Span-
ish Government in 1848, ii. 15.
Burge, Commentary, i. 367.
Butler, Bishop, ethical teaching of, i.

116.

Buyers and sellers, lenders and bor-
rowers, ii. 254.

Bynkershoek, laws of war, i. 71; on
droit d'asile, 251, 275, 276.

Callières, M. de, Manière de Négocier
avec les Souverains, i. 278; on the
qualities necessary for negotiation,
279; the value of a good table, 281;
small value of book learning, 282;
on diplomatists, ib.; on female in-
fluence, 283; Mazarin his model, ib.
Camper, Peter, i. 93.
Campvere, Scotch staple transferred
from Bruges in 1444, i. 296.
Candia, consul appointed at, 1522, i.

294.

Candour in international dealings, ii.

258..

Cape Colony and the Dutch Boers, ii.

297.

Capitulations, ii. 388; modified text,

389.

Captain of a ship, first duty of, i. 258.
Capture and free trade, ii. 151; all

property held jura publica subject
to, 58; alienable private property
subject to, 84, 86 et seq.; how

effected, 89, 101; of private pro-
perty at
sea, 93; contradictory
opinions with reference to, 107.
Caravan trade, consuetudinary rules of,
whence derived, i. 29; Lindsay's
Merchant Shipping, 30.

Celtic problem, i. 97; study of history
important, ib.

Central Africa, its future prospects, ii.
28; efforts of the King of the Bel-
gians, 29.

Central Asia, jealousy of England and
Russia in, i. 449.

Centralisation, depressing effect of, i.
138; London and Switzerland con-
trasted, ib.

Centrifugal and centripetal forces, ii.

276.

Chambers of Commerce and public
opinion, i. 383.

Charles II. and the States-General of
Holland, i. 281.

Charleston, the blockade of, i. 144.
China, golden rule pervading religious
literature of, i. 63; Professor Flint
on, 116; recognition of, limited,
102, 217, 239; the opium trade,
219; her position in European poli-
ties, ib. envoy-extraordinary, 299;
student interpreters to consuls, ib.;
wars against, justified on ground of
exclusiveness, ii. 28.

Chinese contract valid, and might be
enforced in England, i. 144.
Chinese Exclusion Act (American),
response to, i. 347.

Christ gives prominence to ethical ele-
ment in Judaism, i. 119.
Christianity, and the nature-religions
of the Aryan races, i. 114; a direct
revelation to humanity, ib., explains
us to ourselves, ib.
Church and State, i. 199.
Cicero, the jus inter gentes, i. 64.
Circassian seized and confiscated, i.
145.

Citizen, not independent of each other,

i. 47; has no international respon-
sibilities, ii. 131; his State respon-
sible for his actions, ib.; jural exis-
tence of, absorbed in State, ib.;
private differs from official, i. 137;
right to change, 141; and saves
State from responsibility, 142; can
he trade? 143; distinction between
person and, 146.

Civil procedure, special conclusions
relative to, ii. 528.

Civilisation, the common task of man-
kind, ii. 28; and organisation, 191.

Clarendon, Lord, on diplomacy, i. 285.
Class governments, i. 165; unrealisable
fictions, 166; a class not a nation.
ib.; lie under the ban of international
law, 167; never perfectly realised in
fact, ib.

Clergy, rights claimed by, ii. 64.
Cockburn, Lord Chief Justice, at
Geneva Conference, ii. 160.
Codex Visigothorum, i. 292.
Collisions between municipal systems,
i. 389; how to be removed, ib.
Colonial judge's opinion of free ne-
groes, i. 445.

Colonies, our, a group of composite
States, i. 130; protectors as well as
protégés of mother-country, ii. 229;
when separation claimed by, ib.;
narrow view of duties to, ib.;
"like
fruit, only hang till they ripen," ii.
290; Bentham's proposal, 291; feel-
ing of native colonists, ib.; local
self-government to, 292; effect of
genius, 296.

Colonisation jurally inevitable, ii. 28;
within the necessary objects of war,
ib.

Collusion with captor of ship, ii. 110.
Combatants and non-combatants, ii.
351.

Comitas gentium formally repudiated
by Institute in 1874, i. 358; still
crops up in Parliament and else
where, ib.; its two aspects, 359;
partially repudiated by Savigny,
360, 367.

Commerce, war upon, the most hu-
mane, ii. 103.
Commercial preponderance, asserts it-
self peaceably, ii. 254; of English
shipping and trade on the Congo, ib.
Common tribunal proposed by Benth-
am, ii. 232.

Communism, a policy of mere negation,
i. 99.

Communists, when citizenship extend-
ed to, i. 113.
Communities, deprived of freedom, i.
156; from political nonage, 157;
the Barbary States, 161; incapaci-
tated for realising reciprocating will,
162 et seq.

Competitive examinations, ii. 150.
Complications threatened by the
"Three Rules," ii. 173.
Composite States, i. 194.
Compulsory sale, ii. 87; to the State,
ib.; to the opposite belligerent, ib.;
for credit, 89.
Concessions, i. 313.