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The Complexity of
Segregation: Why it
Continues 30 Years
After the Enactment
of the Fair Housing Act

James H. Carr

Fannie Mae Foundation

This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, a law of critical importance to eliminating segregation in housing. To better explain the progress that has been made with respect to the issue of segregation, it is useful to place the Fair Housing Act in the context of other 1968 events including the release of the Kerner Commission report on race relations in the United States and Stanley Kubrick's science fiction movie, 2001: A Space Odyssey.

How does the movie 2001 relate to fair housing or race relations? Those who saw 2001 when it opened three decades ago were amazed that the spaceship's computer could receive voice commands, talk, and even learn. Many thought the technology presented in that movie was pure imagination and would never be achievable. Although computers still lack the personality of HAL and space flight remains rudimentary compared with that in the film, our technology far surpasses that of 1968. Today, we have telescopes that enable us to peer millions of light years into space and to see the formation of whole new galaxies. Millions of pieces of information are carried at the speed of light on cables the size of a human hair.

We are engaged in a project to map the entire human genome with the prospect that, one day, human beings might literally be customized in terms of their height, muscle structure, hair and eye color, resistance to diseases, and even basic behavioral patterns.

Beyond voice-controlled computers, sophisticated experimental software now enables a user to give commands to a computer by "thinking" them. And even more unbelievable is the fact that scientists have already begun to create life from inanimate objects! Thus we have achieved scientific advancements far beyond those imagined in the 1960s.

How ironic that we have mastered technological advancements that seemed impossible only 30 years ago, but we still have so much difficulty dealing with one another as equal human beings.