YEAS-Messrs. Allison, Anthony, Boutwell, Carpenter, Chandler, Clayton, Cragin, Edmunds, Fenton, Ferry of Michigan, Flanagan, Frelinghuysen, Hamlin, Harvey, Howe, Ingalls, Logan, Morrill of Maine, Morton, Oglesby, Patterson, Pease, Pratt, Ramsey, Sargent, SCHURZ, Scott, Sherman, Spencer, Washburn, West, Wright-32. NAYS-Messrs. Bogy, Cooper, Davis, Dennis, Goldthwaite, Hagar, HAMILTON of Texas, Johnston of Virginia, Merrimon, Ransom, Sprague, Stevenson, Thurman, TIPTON-14. Vote in the House on its passage-Every vote for it a Republican- Every Democrat against it. In the House, Jan. 7, 1875, the bill which had been reported by Mr. Maynard, and made a special order for that day, was taken up and passed by the following vote: YEAS-Messrs. Albert, Averill, Barber, Barrere, Barry, Bass, Begole, Biery, Bradley, H. C. Burchard, Burleigh, Burrows, R. R. Butler, Cain, Carpenter, Cason, Cessna, Chittenten, Clayton, Clements, S. A, Cobb, Corwin, Colton, Crooke, Crounse, Curtis, Danford, Dobbins, Donnan, Duell, Eames, Farwell, J. C. Freeman, Frye, Garfield, Gunckel, E. Hale, Harmer, H. H. Har rison, Hathorn, J. B. Hawley, Hays, G. W. Hazelton, Hendee, Hodges, Hooper, Hoskins, Houghton, Howe, Hunter, Hynes, Kasson, Kellogg, Killinger, Lamport,' Lansing, W. Lawrence, Loughridge, Lowe, Lowndes, J. R. Lynch, Martin, Maynard, McCrary, A. S. Mc Dill, J. W. McDill, MacDougall, McKee, McNulta, Merriam, Monroe, Moore, Myers, Negley, O'Neill, Orr, Orth, Packard, Packer, Page, R. C. Parsons, Pelham, Pendleton, A. F. Pike, T. C. Platt, Poland, Pratt, Purman, W. H. Ray, Richmond, E. S. Roberts, J. W. Robinson, Rusk, Sawyer, H. B. Sayler, Scofield, I. W. Scudder, Sener, Sessions, Shanks, Sheats, L. D. Shoemaker, W. B. Small, Smart, A. H. Smith, H. B. Smith, J. A. Smith, J. Q. Smith, Sprague, Stanard, Stark weather, St. John, Strawbridge, Taylor, C. R. Thomas, C. Y. Thomas, J. M. Thompson, Thornburgh, Todd, Tremain, Tyner, Waldron, A. S. Wallace, J. D. Ward, M. L. Ward, Wheeler, A. White, Whiteley, Wilber, G. Willard, J. M. S. Williams, W. Williams, W. B. Williams, J. Wilson, J. M. Wilson-136. NAYS-Messrs. G. M. Adams, Archer, Arthur, Ashe, Atkins, Banning, Beck, H. P. Bell, Berry, Blount, Bowen, Bright, Bromberg, J. Y. Brown, Buffington, J. H. Caldwell, J. B. Clark, Jr., F. Clarke, Clymer, Comingo, Cook Cor, Crittenden, Crossland, Crutchfield, Dawes, De Witt, Eldredge, Field, Finck, Giddings, Glover, Gooch, Gun ter, Hagans, R. Hamilton, Hancock, B. W. Harris, H. R. Harris, J. T. Harris, Hatcher, Havens, J. R. Hawley, Hereford, Herndon, E. R. Hoar, G. F. Hoar, Holman Hunton, Kelley, Knapp, Lamar, Lamison, Lawson, Leach, Magee, Marshall, McLean, Milliken, Mills, Morrison, Neal, Nesmith, Niblack, Niles, H. W. Parker, I. C. Parker, Perry, Pierce, Randall, Read, W. M. Robbins, M. Sayler, Schell, H. J. Scudder, Sherwood, Sloss, W. A. Smith, Southard, A. H. Stephens, Stone, Storm, Swann, W. Townsend, R. B. Vance, Waddell, Wells, Whitehead, Whitehouse, Whitthorne, C. W. Willard, Willie, E. K. Wilson, Wolfe, F. Wood, Woodworth, J. D. Young, P. M. B. Young-98. A Republican President signs it. On the 14th January, 1875, President Grant approved the Bill, and signalized to the Senate his approval thereof in a special message, "because of its great importance to the country at large, and in order to suggest further legislation which seems to me essential to make this law effective." Public Credit Act-as well as for the other measures-designed to nurse and foster the greenback, to give it character and value in our own eyes and in the eyes of the world, the Republican party is entitled to the sole credit of originating, enacting, and carrying the same into effect. Note, in the Public Credit Act, the words of the double pledge, intended to strengthen and maintain the value of the greenback. The first pledge is that, some time or other, the green back will be paid in coin, "or its equivalent." The second pledge is, that "provision" at the earliest practicable period" shall be made for its redemption. There is nothing whatever in these pledges to show the intention was to retire the greenback whenever that "" 'practicable period should arrive. On the contrary, it was the manifest, palpable intention of these pledges -first to make the greenback dollar as good as a gold or silver collar, and, second, to let all understand that the Government would pay a gold or silver dollar for the green back dollar, just as soon as they could, provided anybody wanted a gold or silver dollar in place of the greenback dollar. There was not the slightest intention to force a retirement of greenbacks. The Republican party conceived and created the greenback, and reared it to its present full and mature stature, despite all the diseases which it had to encounter in its infancy and youth, and despite all the malignant devices and machinations with which the Democracy sought early and late to enfeeble, cripple, and destroy it. The Republican party was not likely "to go back on that which had proven to be its best friend. Senator Hamilton's proposed amendment to knock the life out of the greenback. December 10, 1873.-In the Senate, Mr. Hamilton, of Maryland (Democrat), proposed a new article in the Constitution, viz: That "The United States shall never make anything but gold and silver coin a tender for the payment of debts, either public or private." This never came to a vote. PART IV. Continuous and Desperate Efforts of the House Democrats to Hamper and Prevent Resumption-Holman's effort to Repeal the Resumption Act. In the House, January 17, 1876, Mr. Holman, of Indiana, moved a suspension of the rules to enable him to submit the following: Resolved, That it is unwise and inexpedient at this prescribed by law at which legal tender notes of the time that a specific and arbitrary period should be United States should be paid by the Secretary of the Treasury in coin, and, therefore, the act entitled "An approved January 14, 1875, ought to be repealed; and Act to provide for the resumption of Specie Payment," the committee on banking and currency is instructed, at as early a period as may be practicable, to report to the House a bill for that purpose. Be it enacted, etc., That all the provisions of the act entitled "An Act to provide for the resumption of The motion (requiring two-thirds) was dis-specie payment," approved January 14, 1875, which authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to redeem or agreed to by 112 yeas to 158 nays, 20 not cancel United States notes and to sell United States voting. The yeas were nearly all Democrats, bonds for the accomplishment of that purpose be, and as follows: the same are hereby, repealed. YEAS-Messrs. Ainsworth, ANDERSON, Ashe, Atkins, J. The motion was disagreed to (two thirds H. Bagley, Jr., Blackburn, Bland, Blount, Boone, Brad- needed) by 110 yeas to 108 nays, 71 not votford, Bright, J. Y. Brown, Buckner, Cabell, J. H. Calding, most of the Democrats voted yea, while well, W. P. Caldwell, CAMPBELL, Cason, Cate, J. B. the nays were mainly Republicans. yeas were as follows: 'The Clarke, J. B. Clark, Jr., Clymer, Cochrane, Collins, Cook, Republican resolution to facilitate resump- Which was disagreed to-yeas 85, nays 139 (not voting 65), as follows: YEAS-Messrs. C. H. Adams, Bagby, G. A. Bagley, W. Dougall, McCrary, J. W. McDill, Miller, Monroe, Nash, Powell, Pratt, Rainey, Rusk, Sampson, Seelye, Sinick- NAYS-Messrs. Ainsworth, Ashe, J. H. Baker, Barnham, Beebe, Blackburn, Bland, Blount, Boone, Bradford, Bright, J. Y. Browne, Buckner, S. D. Burchard, Cabell, J. H. Caldwell, W. P. Caldwell, CAMPBELL, Candler, Cason, Cate, Caulfield, J. B. Clarke, J. B. Clark, Jr., Collins, Cook, Cowan, Cox, Culberson, Cutler, Joseph J. Davis, DeBolt, Dibrell, Douglas, Durham, Eden, Egbert, Ellis, Evans, Felton, Forney, Fort, Frankiin, Fuller, Gause, Glover. Goode, Goodin, Gunter, Hancock, Hardenbergh, H. R. Harris, J. T. Harris, C. H. Harrison, Hartridge, Hartzell, Haymond, Henkle, Hereford, A. S. Hewitt, G. W. Hewitt, Hill, Holman, Hooker, Hopkins, House, Hunter, Hunton, Hurd, Hyman, F. Jones, T. L. Jones, Kelley, Knott, Lamar, F. Landers, G. M. Landers, Lynde, L. A. Mackey, McFarland, McMahon, Meade, Metcalf, Milliken, Money, Morgan, Morrison, Mutchler, Neal, New, O'Brien, Oliver, E. Y. Parsons, Payne, J. Phelps, J. F. Philips, W. A. Phillips, Piper, Poppleton, Randall, D. Rea-139. Another Democratic vote against redemption, etc. In the House, March 20, 1876, Mr. Atkins moved to suspend the rules and pass the following bill: May 1, 1876, Mr. Holman moved that the rules be suspended so as to enable him to introduce, and the House to pass a bill to repeal so much of the act entitled "An Act to provide for the resumption of specie payments," approved January 14, 1875, as authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to redeem and cancel United States notes and to issue and sell United States bonds for the accomplishment of that purpose. The motion was disagreed to (two-thirds needed) by 115 yeas to 111 nays, the DemoCrats almost solidly voting "yea," and the Republicans "nay." Still another Democratic stab at resumption. July 10, 1876, Mr. Holman moved to suspend the rules and pass the following resolution: Resolved, That the Committee on Banking and Currency, be, and they are hereby, instructed to report to the House the following bill, and that the same be made the special order for Thursday next after the morning hour, and be open for consideration and amendment, to wit: A bill relating to the currency. Be it enacted, etc., That so much of the act entitled "An Act to provide for the resumption of specie payments," approved January 14, 1875, as authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to redeem in coin United States notes be, and the same is hereby repealed. The motion was disagreed to (two thirds needed) by 105 yeas to 96 nays-86 not voting the Democrats voting almost solidly "yea,' and the Republicans "nay." And yet another. July 17, 1876, Mr. Springer moved "to suspend the rules and pass a resolution instructing the Committee on Banking and Cur rency to report to-morrow a bill to repeal the act for the resumption of specie payment, to be open for amendment." dent that nothing could be done by the Senate at that session. As Congress will not meet again until after the date fixed in the bill, of The motion was disagreed to (two-thirds course the measure is dead. It was a sharp needed), by 102 yeas to 92 nays-the Democrats trick to 'fool" the people; but not sharp voting almost solidly "yea" and the Repub-enough to make them believe that the life-long licans "nay." enemy of the greenback had really and sincerely become its friend all at once. Bill to kill resumption-day clause-The bill passed by Democratic votes, Aug. 5, 1876, Mr. Cox, from the Committee on Banking and Currency, reported the following bill: A bill to repeal the resumption-day clause in the resumption act of 1875. Be it enacted, etc., That the resumption-day clause in section 3 of an act entitled 'An act to provide for the resumption of specie payments,' approved January 14, 1875, which clause is in the words following, to wit: "On and after the 1st day of January, 1879, the Secretary of the Treasury shall redeem in coin the United States legal tender notes then outstanding on their presentation for redemption at the office of the assistant treasurer of the United States in the city of New York, in sums of not less than $50” Be and the same is hereby repealed." A substitute to provide for a commission to consider the resumption of specie payments, was voted down by 92 yeas to 104 nays, and the bill, as then passed by 166 yeas to 86 nays -the Democrats voting almost solidly "yea," and the Republicans "nay." The Democrats voting "yea" were as follows: Messrs. Ainsworth, Atkins, Banning, Bland, Boone' Brauford, Bright, J. Y. Brown, Cabell, J. H. Caldwell, W. P. Caldwell, Cate, Caulfield, J, C. Clarke, J.B. Clark, Jr., Clymer, Cochrane, Collins, Cook, Cox, Dibrell, Douglas, Durham, Eden, Faulkner, Felton, Finley, Forney, Franklin, Gause, Goode, Goodin, Gunter, C. H. Harrison, Hartzell, Haymond, Henkle, Hereford, Hol man, Hooker, Hopkins, House, Hunton, Hurd, T. L. Jones, F. Landers, Lane, B. B. Lewis, Lynde, L. A. Mackey, Maish, McFarland, McMahon, Milliken, Mills, Morgan, Mutchler, Neal, New, Payne, J. Phelps, Poppleton, Randall, D. Rea, Reagan, J. Reilly, A. V. Rice, Riddle, Savage, Sheakley, Singleton, Slemons, W. E. Smith, Southard, Springer, Stenger, Stevenson, Stone, Teese, P. F. Thomas, Throckmorton, Tucker, Turney, J. L. Vance, Waddell, G. C. Walker, Walsh, E. Wells, Whitthorne, J. D. Williams, J. N. Williams, Wilshire, B. Wilson, Yates, C. Young-95. The Ewing Anti-Resumption House bill, Republican body on June 13th, 1878, amended as amended, having gone to the Senate, that and passed it, so that it read as follows: of this act United States notes shall be receivable the Be it enacted, etc., That from and after the passage same as coin in payment for the 4 per cent. bonds now authorized by law to be issued; and on and after October 1, 1878, said notes shall be receivable for duties on imports. If the Democrats wanted an opportunity to show love for the greenback, here was their chance, for here was a measure expressly designed by the Republicans to increase the value and usefulness of the greenback, and which measure, had the Democratic House not killed it, would have brought greenbacks fully up to par with gold and silver. June 18, Mr. Fort, Republican, moved to suspend the rules and concur in the above Senate amendment. The Democratic House refused to suspend the rules and concur by 140 yeas to 112 nays -a two-thirds vote being needed. Only 34 Democrats voted yea, while 97 of them voted nay. Following is the vote in full : YEAS-Messrs. Acklen, Aldrich, Bacon, G. A. Bagley, J. H. Baker, W. H. Baker, Banks, Bicknell, Bisbee, Boyd, Brentano, Brewer, Bridges, Briggs, T. M. Browne, Bundy, H. C. Burchard, Burdick, Cain, J. M. Campbell, Candler, Cannon, Caswell, Claflin, R. Clark, Clymer, Cobb, Conger, S. S. Cox, Cravens, Culberson, Cummings, Cutler, Danford, H. Davis, Deering, Denison, Dunnell, Dwight, Eden, Eickhoff, Ellsworth, Errett, J. L. Evans, Fort, Foster, Freeman, Frye, Fuller, Gard. ner, Gibson, Giddings, Goode, Hale, A. H. Hamilton, Hanna, Harmer, Harrison, Haskell, P. C. Hayes, Hazelton, Hendee, Henderson, Hubbell, Hunter, Hunton, H. L. Humphrey, Ittner, James, F. Jones, Jorgenson, Keifer, Keightley, Kenna, J. H. Ketcham, Kimmel, This bill was not acted upon in the Senate. Lapham, Lathrop, Lindsey, Loring, Luttrell, Marsh, PART V. Mayham, McGowan, McKinley, L. 8. Metcalfe, Mitchell, Morrison, Muller, H. S. Neal, Norcross, Oliver, Overton, Page, G. W. Patterson, T. M. Patterson, Peddie, Phelps, W. A. Phillips, Pollard, Pound, Powers, Price, Pugh, Rainey, Randolph, Reagan, Reed, W. W. Rice, Roberts, G. D. Robinson, Ryan, Sampson, Sapp, End Schleicher, Shallenberger, Sinnickson, Smalls, Starin, Stenger, Stewart, J. W. Stone, J. C. Stone, Strait, J. M. that Thompson, A. Townsend, M. I. Townsend, Tucker, Pre-Veeder, Watson, Welch, H. White, M. D. White, A. S. Williams, A. Williams, C. G. Williams, Willits, Wren, NAYS-Messrs. Aiken, Atkins, Banning, H. P. Bell, A Democratic Trick at the of a Session A Vote Amounts to Nothing A vious Vote where the Demo--140. crats Refused to Adopt the Re- Blackburn, Blair, Blount, Boone, Bouck, Bragg, Bright, publican Senate's Proposition Brogden, Butler, Cabell, J. W. Caldwell, Carlisle, Chalto make Greenbacks Receiv-viark, Jr., Collins, Cook, Covert, J. D. Cox, Crapo, Critable for Customs Duties - Theenden, Davidson, J. J. Davis, Dean, Dibrell, Dickey, DurVote in Full, iers, Chittenden, A. A. Clark, J. B. Clarke, J. B. ham, Eames, Elam, I. N. Evans, J. H. Evins, Ewing, Felton, E. B. Finley, Forney, Franklin, Garfield, Garth, Gause, Hardenbergh, H. R. Harris, J. T. Harris, Hart, After wasting many valuable months, on artridge, Hartzell, Henkle, Henry, A. S. Hewitt, G. W. the 20th June, 1878, in the last hours of the Hewitt, Herbert, Hooker, House, Hungerford, J. T. session, the House went through the motions Mackey, Maish, Manning, McCook, McKenzie, McMahon, ones, J. S. Jones, Kelley, Ligon, Lockwood, Lynde, of passing a bill, offered by Mr. Southard, Mills, Monroe, Morgan, Morse, Muldrow, O'Neill, C. N. providing that "on and after the first day of Potter, Pridemore, Rea, J. B. Reilly, A. V. Rice, Riddle, October, A. D. 1878, legal tender notes of the W. M. Robbins, M. Ross, Sayler, Scales, Shelley, Single ton, A. H. Smith, W. E. Smith, Southard, Sparks, United States shall be received at par in pay- Springer, Steele, Stephens, Throckmorton, R. W. Townsment of customs duties," when it was quite evi-hend, Turner, Turney, R. B. Vance, Waddell, Wait, W. Ward, Warner, Whitthorne, J. Williams, R. Williams, A. S. Willis, B. A. Willis, A. Wilson, Young.—112, Another Democratic vote against the Republican Greenback-Against its being receivable for customs, and in favor of -canceling and retiring it—Treasury order on the subject. November 2, 1877-Mr. Hubbell, Republican, moved to strike out the enacting clause of the Ewing House bill-which sought to repeal the third section of the Resumption Act and insert the following: Stephens, Swann, J. M. Thompson, Throcmorton, Tipton, At a subsequent period, Secretary Sherman gave instructions to his subordinates to receive greenbacks for custom dues. Another Republican measure gets through both Houses. April 29, 1878, Mr. Fort, Republican, introduced the following bill, which passed both Houses, and is now law, prohibiting any further retirement of the Republican greenback: of this act it shall not be lawful for the Secretary of "Be it enacted, etc., That from and after the passage the Treasury or other officer under him to cancel or retire any more of the United States legal-tender notes. And when any of said notes may be redeemed or be received into the Treasury under any law from any source whatever, and shall belong to the United States, they shall not be retired, canceled or destroyed, but they shall be reissued and paid out again and kept in circulation: Provided, That nothing herein shall pro "That so much of section 3 of an act to provide for resumption of specie payments, approved January 14, 1875, as provides for the redemption in coin, by the United States, of all legal-tender notes outstanding on the first day of January, 1879, embraced in the clause of said section of said act, in the language following, to wit: And on and after the 1st day of January, A. D., 1879, the Secretary of the Treasury shall redeem in coin the United States legal-tender notes then outstanding, on their presentation for redemption at the office of the Assistant Treasurer of the United States; in the city of New York, in sums of not less than $50, shall be so construed as not to authorize or require the Secretary of the Treasury to retire and cancel said hibit the cancellation and destruction of mutilated notes, redeemed as aforesaid, but to authorize and re-notes and the issue of other notes of like denominaquire said Secretary to deposit said notes in the Treasury of the United States, whereupon said notes shall be paid out, at par value, in discharge of all claims and demands against the United States, or in exchange for coin and said notes shall, as heretofore, continue to be a legal tender, and on and after January 1, 1879, shall be receiveable, at their face value, in payment of all dues to the Government, and for all debts, except where coin payment is stipulated by contract or statute; and all provisions of law in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. tion in their stead, as now provided by law. All acts and parts of acts in conflict herewith are hereby re pealed. The ten-dollar certificates of deposit- vote. January 15, 1879, the following bill was before the House: "Be it enacted, ete., That the Secretary of the Treas This was defeated by 90 yeas to 158 nays-ury is hereby authorized and directed to issue, in exonly six Democrats voting for it, and only thirty Republicans voting against it. The following is the vote in detail; YEAS-Messrs. Aldrich, Bacon, G. A. Bagley, W. H. Baker, Ballou, Banks' Bisbee, Boyd, Brentano, Brewer, Briggs, H. C. Burchard, Burdick, Camp, J. M. Campbell, Claflin, R. Clark, Cole, Conger, J. D. Cox, Crapo, Cummings, Danford, H. Davis, Deering, Dennison, Dunnell, Dwight, Eames, Ellsworth, I. N. Evans, Foster, Freeman, Frye, Garfield, Hale, Harmer, B. W. Harris, Hendee, Henderson, Hubbell, H. L. Humphrey, Hungerford, Ittner, James, F. Jones, J. 8. Jones, Jorgensen, Keightley, G. M. Landers, Lapham, Lindsey, Lockwood, Loring, Luttrell, McGowan, McKinley, L. 8. Metcalfe, Monroe, Morse, Norcross, O'Neill, Overton, Pachecho, G. W. Patterson, Peddie, Pound, Powers, Price, Pugh, Reed, W. W. Rice, G. D. Robinson, Sampson, Shallenberger, Sinnickson. Stewart, J. W. Stone, A. Townsend, Wait, Watson, Welch, H. White, A. S. Williams, A. Williams, C. G. Williams, R. Williams, Willits, Wren-90. change for lawful money of the United States that may be presented for such exchange, certificates of deposit, of the denomination of ten dollars, bearing interest at the rate of three per cent. per annum, and convertible at any time, with accrued interest, into the four per cent. bonds described in the refunding act; and the money so received shall be applied only to the payment of the 5-20 bonds in the mode prescribed by said act, and he is authorized to prescribe suitable rules and regulations in conformity with this act. Upon the passage of this bill (which, as subsequently amended in the Senate, so as to apply the funds to payment of any bonds bearing interest of not less that 5 per cent., is now law) the vote was: YEAS-Messrs. W. Aldrich, Bacon, Bagley, Ballou, Banks, Bayne, Blair, Bliss, Brewer, Bridges, Briggs, Brogden, Browne, Buckner, Bundy, Burchard, Burdick, Cain, W. P. Caldwell, Camp, Campbell, Candler, Cannon, Chittenden, Claflin, R. Clark, Clymer, Cobb, Collins, Conger, Covert, Cravens, Cummings, Cutler, Danford, H. Davis, J. J. Davis, Deering, Denison, Dunnell, Eames, J. L. Evans, Fort, Foster, Garfield, Garth, Gibson, Gunter, Hale, Hamilton, Hanna, Hatcher, Hayes, Hazelton, Henderson, Hunter, Humphrey, Hungerford, James, J. S. Jones, Joyce, Keightley, Ketcham, Killinger, Kimmel, Landers, Lapham, Lathrop, LindMitchell, Monroe, Neal, Norcross, O'Neill, Overton, Page, G. W. Patterson, Peddie, W. A. Phillips, Pound, Price, Rainey, Randolph, Rea, Reed, A. V. Rice, Robbins, C. D. Robinson, Sampson, Sapp, Sayler, Sexton, Shallenberger, Sinnickson, Smalls, A. H. Smith, Starin Stewart, A. Townsend, Tucker, Turney, Ward, H. White, M. D. White, A. Williams, C. G. Williams, J. Williams, B. A. Willis, Willits, F. Wood, Wright-117. NAYS-Messrs. Atkins, J. H. Baker, Banning, Bayne, NAYS-Messrs. Acklen, Aiken, Atkins, Benedict, Bicknell, Blackburn, Blount, Boone, Bragg, Bright, J. W. Caldwell, Culberson, Dean, Dibrell, Durham, Eden, Erret, J. H. Evins, Felton, Forney, Franklin, Goode, Hardenberg, H. R. Harris, J. T. Harris, Hart, Hartzell, Henkle, Henry, A. S. Hewitt, G. W, Hewitt, Herbert, House, Ittner, F. Jones, Kelley, Kenna, Knapp, Knott, said. Ligon, Mackey, B. F. Martin, McGowan, McMahon, What Vallandigham, Democrat, of Ohio, Mills, Morrison, Morse, Muldrow, T. M. Paterson, Pridemore, Reagan, Roberts, Ross, O. R. Singleton, Slemons, Southard, Springer, Steele, Strait, Tipton, R. W. Townshend, T. Turner, Vance, L. Warner, Whitthorne, Wigginton, J. N. Williams, A. S. Willis, Wilson, J. S. Young-70. Thus, while 85 Republicans voted for, and only 5 against it, only 32 Democrats voted for, to 65 Democrats who voted against it: Republicans for it. 17 to 1; Democrats against it, 2 to 1. PART VI. Democratic Hatred Pursues the Republican Greenback even into the Supreme Court-Democratic Justices hold the LegalTender Act Unconstitutional Republican Justices hold otherwise. In a speech, February 3, 1862, Mr. VALLANDIGHAM said: "Sir, if it were fifty-fold as constitutional as, in my and abhorrent to the principles and spirit of that indeliberate judgment it is unconstitutional in letter, strument, it could not command my support. I will not renew the discusion of the question of constitutional power to make Government paper or any other paper, a legal tender in payment of any debts, public or private, present or prospective. My colleague from the First district (Mr. Pendleton) the other day, with a clearness and force never exceeded in this hall, disposed of that question forever." ** * * Mr. Powell, Democrat, of Kentucky, said: "In my judgment the bill is plainly and palpably vioJative of the Constitution of the United States." Hendrick B. Wright, Democrat, of Pennsylvania, said, February 5, 1862: "This bill proposes, sir, to throw on the country $100,000,000 of Treasury notes, payable at no time-payable nowhere-payable at the pleasure of the government-and the astounding clause is added, that these lawful money and a legal tender in payment of all notes-payable at no place, at no time-shall be d. ts, public and private, within the United States. Now I submit, a matter of law, as a correct conclusion from the Constitution itself, that you cannot, under the Constitution of these United States, make anything but gold and silver a legal tender on contracts." George H. Pendleton, Democrat, of Ohio, said, January 29, 1862 : "I find no grant of this power in direct terms, or as I think, by fair implication. It is not an accidental omission it is not an admission through inadvertency: is intentionally left out of the Constitution because it was designed that the power should not reside in the Federal Government.' Senator James A. Bayard, Democrat, of As a further illustration of the impregnable position, that while the Democratic party has ever been the enemy of the greenback, the Republican party has ever been its best and only friend, it may be well to recall the fact that in the famous case of Hepburn vs. Griswold, involving the constitutionality of the legal-tender clause, as relates to contracts made prior to its adoption, the Democratic Supreme Court judges-Chief Justice Chase, and Associate Justices Nelson Clifford, Grier and Field-decided that the legal-tender act "is inconsistent with the spirit of 'he Consttution; and that it is prohibited by the Constitution;" while the Republican judges Miller, Swayne and Davis-dissented, and held the "very decided opinion that Congress acted within the scope of its authcaty," and "The thing, to my mind, is so palpable a violation of declared, in their opinion, "the law to be the Constitution that I doubt whether in any court of constitutional." That is known as the legal- own respectability, you can possibly expect that this justice in the country, having a decent regard to its tender decision of 1869-and was not made bill which you now pass will not, whenever the quesby a full court. Subsequently, with a full tion is presented judicially, receive its condemnation as unconstitutional and void in this clause." bench, the Supreme Court made, in the cases of Knox vs. Lee and Parker vs. Davis, what is Senator James A. Pearce, Democrat, of known as the legal-tender decision of 1871Maryland, said, February 13, 1862: the Republican justices, forming a majority of the court, holding the legal-tender acts of in this Government to make paper money a legal ten"I see no power from which we can infer authority Congress constitutional, as applied to contracts made either before or after their pas-Senator Willard Saulsbury, Democrat, of sage," thus overruling the former decision in Hepburn vs. Griswold; while the Democratic judges, to wit: Chief Justice Chase, and Justices Nelson, Clifford, and Field, dissented. PART VII. der." Delaware, said, February 13, 1862: "It is so clearly unconstitutional, in my opinion, that I cannot conscientiously vote for it." PART VIII. Utterances of Democratic Lead-Notes, etc., outstanding for each ers in Congress Declaring the Greenback Unconstitutional. The Democratic leaders, besides voting against the Republican greenback, worked against it and talked in Congress against it with all their might--taking the ground that it was unconstitutional to issue such money. Here is what some of them said on this point: year from 1880 to 1880-Cur rency Totals—Value of Currency Totals in Gold-Value of Paper Dollar in Gold each year to Par The following table prepared by the Treasury Department will furnish most interesting food for reflection to the Republican and Greenback political student: |