administration, 401-2;

centralized ad-
ministration necessary, 402-3.
Road Improvements in Oregon, 366-70;
measure of the interests of the Oregon
people in road improvement, 366; basis
for this valuation of the worth of good
roads, 366; lack of planned system has
hindered program toward attainment
of adequate highways, 367; features of
program for up-to-date highway im-
provement, 373-6.

ROAD LAWS, THE DEFECTS IN OREGON OF
PRESENT, 371-6; present laws antiquated,
indefinite and conflicting, 371-2; concert
of effort instigated to remedy, 372-3;
antiquated, indefinite and conflicting
procedures required by present laws
illustrated, 373-6.

405-6;

ROADS, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF IM-
PROVED HIGHWAYS-ORGANIZATION, SYS-
TEM AND METHOD, 404-33; the system
provided by law in New York for road
improvement at joint expense of state,
county and town, 404-5; state bonding in
New York for highway improvement,
405; steps taken to secure an ultimate
connected and completed system of
roads, 405; successive amendments of
highway law securing centralization of
authority and responsibility,
organization of state highway depart-
ment and its work, 407-8; necessity of
maintenance, 408-9; the ideal pavement,
410; definition of maintenance, 410-1;
highway maintenance organization in
New York, 411-4; execution contracts
by departmental forces, 414-5; advan-
tages of patrol system, 416; convict
labor, 416; methods employed in main-
tenance determined by varying condi-
tions, 416-27; expenditures for main-
tenance, 427-33.

ROAD LAW, THE MECHANISM OF IOWA'S
NEW, 394-8; antecedent road legislation
experience, 394; consolidation of road
funds, 394-5; classification of road
mileage, 395-6; control centralized, 396;
office of county engineer created, 396-7;
adoption of standard specifications for
bridge and road work provided for, 397;
accounting systematized, 398.
ROAD PAVEMENT-FACTORS FOR

AND

AGAINST DIFFERENT TYPES OF PAVEMENT
-WHEN PAVING IS JUSTIFIABLE, 434-44;
contrasted requirements of different
kinds of traffic, 434; bearing of climatic
conditions, 434; choice of pavement a
problem for critical study, 435; pave-
ments suitable for Oregon, 435-6; wear-
ing surface and base, 436; cost consider-
ations, 436-43; conditions required ante-
cedent to entering upon a paving pro-
gram, 443-4.

Roads, planning of, from market centers

and permanent tenure for engineers
having charge of work, 391-3.
ROADS, POLICIES, GENERAL, ADVISABLE FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF STATE ROADS, 445-52;
good local roads the first need, 445;
the preferred modified contract system,
the California method, 446-52.
ROADS, NATIONAL FORESTS. WITHIN AND
ADJACENT TO, IN OREGON, 386-90; the
Cascade Mountains as barriers to
transportation and development evoke
effort of Forest Service to aid in road

building, 286-7; cooperation essential
for largest results, 387; effect of road
improvement on land values, 387-8;
utilities of forest roads, 388; different
localities in the state needing construc-
tion of forest roads, 388-9; trunk and
lateral road mileage, 390.

ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, THE NE-
CESSITY FOR TESTING ALL MATERIALS USED
IN, 452-60; evolution of need of testing
road materials, 452; defects and dangers
avoided through tests, 453-5; cooperative
arrangement between Oregon State
Highway Department and Materials
Testing Laboratory of the State Agri.
cultural College, 455-7; preliminary and
control tests, 457-8; requirements as to
properties made of different kinds of
road materials, 458-60

ROAD, THE HIGHWAY AS AN INVESTMENT.
461-8; public expenditures for highways
did not at first suggest idea of invest-
ment and income, 461; initiative taken
by New Jersey and Massachusetts to
make roads real engineering structures,
462; great increase in recent decades in
highway expenditures and relative state
control, 462-3; measure of the service or
duty of a highway, 463-5; basis for plan-
ning for the future, 465-7; are highways
good investments ?,467-8.

ROADS, STATE, COUNTY AND DISTRICT, EQUI-
TABLE DISTRIBUTION OF COST OF, 477-9;
county road expenditures should be met
by taxes levied on a fifty-fifty basis,
477; state roads should be supported by
state tax of one-half mill, 477; increase
of automobile licenses on pleasure ve-
hicles needed, 477-8; roads are either
utility or scenic and the scenic should
be toll roads, 478.

Rural Credit Bill, A Tentative Draft of
the, 254-6.

RURAL CREDIT, ORGANIZATION FOR OREGON,
120-7. SEE CREDIT, RURAL, ORGANIZATION
FOR OREGON.

SCHOOL

S

ADMINISTRATION, THE COUNTY
UNIT PLAN OF, 518-38: faults of the
district system, 518-24; features of pro-
posed county unit plan, 524-9; comment
on the salient features of the organiza-
tion proposed, 529-38.

SCHOOL FUNDS AND THEIR APPORTIONMENT
IN OREGON, 488-517; gradual evolution
of the idea that education is a major
interest that should have an ever wider
community support, 488-9; state-wide
uniformity decreed by the constitution,
489; development of school expenditures
in Oregon, 490-2; disparity of rates of
levy in different counties required to
give pupils equal opportunities, 494-6;
the great differences in educational op-
portunities afforded in different coun-
ties, 496-8; disparities among school
districts in the same county, 498-500:
wider basis of support and more equit-
able distribution of funds called for.
500-1: illustrated in widely different
receipts by different districts from
corporations, 502-3; burden of support
has been gradually shifting to district.
503-6; suggestions for equalizing of bur-
dens and of the opporutnities of educa-
tion throughout the state, 507-8;

apportionment of school funds for se-
curing uniformity of school advantages,
508-17.

IN,

SCHOOLS, HIGH, TRAINING TEACHERS
539-51. See TEACHERS, TRAINING IN
HIGH SCHOOLS.

SECRETARY OF STATE, OREGON'S AFFAIRS
ADMINISTERED THROUGH THE OFFICE OF,
142-9; original constitution of state ex-
hibited from archives of state, 142; the
business office of the state, 142-3; Secre-
tary of State on the death or disability
of the Governor succeeds to the govern-
orship, 142-3; auditing function of.
143-4 records of notaries public, of all
law books, codes, session laws, etc., 145;
motor-vehicle license registration, 145;
registration of electors, 145-6; general
supervision of all work of the various
departments, 146; exofficio member of
various boards and commissions. 146-9.
Social sciences made fruitful, 5.
Southern Pacific Railway timber holdings
in Oregon, 29-30.

STATE ADMINISTRATION,

REORGANIZATION

Taxation. See WEALTH, DEBT AND TAXA-
TION, A STUDY OF CENSUS FIGURES AS
APPLIED TO OREGON, 219-25; assessed
value of property and tax levy, 222-5;
Oregon's per capita levy, 222-5.
Tax levies in Oregon and their distribu-
tion, 226.

TAX SYSTEM IN OREGON, SOME ESSENTIALS
FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE, 200-10;
equitable taxation a most baffling prob-
lem, 200; should be progressively ad-
justed to changing conditions, 201:
Oregon's primitive form of the general
property tax, 201-2 equality through
effectiveness, 201; special forms of taxa-
tion adjusted to the different classes of
property, 201; United States Supreme
Court on uniformity and equality
through diversity, 202; failure of the
general property tax, 202; desperate
need of removel of restrictions on taxing
from constitutions of states, 203; opposi-
tion to classification amendments in
Oregon, 204-5; property and income
bases of taxation, 205-7: tendencies
toward decentralization and toward
centralization, 207-10; percentages of the
direct taxes expended by the different
jurisdictions, 210.

TEACHERS' INSTITUTES-THEIR STATUS IN
THE UNITED STATES WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO OREGON, 552-81; definition
of and differing forms of, 552; origin
of, 553; present status of, 553-4; unit
for organization and support, 555;
compulsory attendance on and compensa-
tion for, 555; length of time of insti-
tutes, 555, 559-62; instruction and
methods, 557-8; reading circles, 558;
progress of, 563-6; recent changes and
present tendencies, 566-9; estimates and
criticisms of, by teachers, 570; local
institutes, 573-4; county training schools,
574-5; purpose and value of teachers'
institutes, 575-8; the problem of insti-
tute conduction, 579-81.
TEACHERS' TRAINING IN HIGH SCHOOLS,
539-51; procedure in the investigation,
539; growth and popularity of the work
of training teachers in secondary schools,
539-41; increase of requirement in train-
ing courses, 541-2; state support and
regulation of these courses, 542-3;
academic requirements, observation and
practice teaching, 543-5; teacher train-
ing in Oregon high schools with sug-
gestions, 545-51.

TITLE TO OUR LANDS, THE, 233-53; land
ownership and an estate in land, 233-4;
eminent domain and just compensation,
234; origin of our system of tenure of
lands, 234-5; the right to transfer recog-
nized, 255-6; disposition of by govern-
ments, 256-7; system in describing, 257-8;
land-claim legislation in Oregon, 240-5;
system of record of transfer of land,
245-9; origin and extension of Torren's
system, 250-3.

Torren's system of certification of title
to land, 250-3.

TREASURER, DUTIES OF THE STATE, 318-20;
treasury transactions and conditions in
1916, 318; principal items of expense
of the state government, 318-9; state
treasurer's membership on boards
and commissions, 320; state treasurer
custodian of state school fund, 320.

U

University aptitude in its relation to the
public, 4; its forces must join with lay
forces outside, 4-5.

UNIVERSITY, HOW THE, PROPOSES TO TAKE
HOLD IN THE MAKING OF OREGON, 263-6;
constructive purposes cherished with its
commonwealth service movement illus-
trated with administrative papers used.
263-4; hope only in the emancipation
from the bondage to the immediately
practical. 264-5: confession of University
faith and declaration of principles, 265-6.

V
W

WAGE, A LIVING, BY LEGISLATION AND THE
OREGON EXPERIENCE, 324-61; early atti-
tude toward wages of women, 324; sur-
vey of wages, hours and conditions of
labor and cost and standards of living
among women workers in Oregon, 324;
enactment of the minimum wage law,
324; administration of it, 325-6; women
in industry in the United States, 327-30;
increase in the number of women wage

earners, taking the places of boys and
girls, 330-2; low wages of women
workers, 332-6; wage conditions in Ore-
gon, 337-9; cost of living in Oregon,
340-2; early agitation for a living wage,
341-4; foreign legislation, 344-6; mini-
mum wage legislation in the United
States, 346-7; provisions of the Oregon
law, 348-9; constitutionality tested and
confirmed, 349-54; operation and effects
of law, 355-60; bibliography, 361.
WAR, THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE, 588-606;
the irreconcilable claims of the dominat-
ing autocracy and of the spirit of the fel-
lowship in man, 588-9; faith in inter-
national conciliation and arbitration,589;
the antagonistic theories in mortal con-
flict, 590-1; the international solidarity,
591; conflicting ideals of the United
States and other nations and of Ger
many, 591-4; Germany's background of
heroic military history, 595; gain in mil-
itary power and ambition under Prus-
sian leadership, 596; rivalry and friction
with Great Britain and with Russia,
596-7: contrast between the Germany
of Goethe and modern Germany, 597;
the first move of the Germans in the
war a shock to the world, 598-9; world
changes through science and invention
and the sense of freedom, 599-600;
international right, ethics and law re-
nounced by Germany, 600-3; the enter-
ing of the United States makes it a
"war of democracy," 603-6.
WATER POWER, AMERICAN, 22-26;
cheapness and durability of hydro-
electric energy to move the center of
industry, 23; reasons for state
federal cooperation in connection with
water power development, 24-5; import-
ance of safeguarding water rights, 24;
concentrated control of power develop-
ment, 25-6.

the

and

Water power development, conditions af-
fecting, 36-40.

WATER POWERS, THE CONTROL OF, 41-6;
illustration of closest harmony between
state and federal government in actual
practice of control, 41-6.

WEALTH, DEBT AND TAXATION, A STUDY OF
CENSUS FIGURES AS APPLIED TO OREGON,
219-25; the item of wealth in Oregon,
219-20; comparative per capita wealth in
Oregon, 220; enormous increase of
debts of local governments, 220-2: as-
sessed value of property and tax levy in
Oregon, 223; relative expenditures for
state and local governments, 224-5:
zeal for public improvements in Oregon,
the cause of heavy debts, high taxes and
excessive governmental costs, 224-5;
earnings from public ownership, 225.
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT, PRACTI-
CAL OPERATION OF THE OREGON, 178-88;
statement of conditions, constituting the
necessity for, 178; workmen's compensa-
tion, a state function, 178-9; the un-
satisfactory "Employers' Liability Act"
of 1910, 179; measure drafted by a
commission, 179-80; organization and
administration under the law enacted
and amended, 180-8; favorable showing
in comparison with that of insurance
companies operating in Wisconsin, 188.
WORLD MENACE, A DIRE, TO BE CONVERTED
INTO A WORLD OPPORTUNITY, 662-8; na-
ture of world crisis, 662; war is en-
gendering new hope and creating for
American public
opportunity,
662-4; American public as sponsor for
the world's attainment of interna-
tional order, 664-6; war impelling influ-
ences to be controlled, 666-8.
Wyerhauser Timber Company's Holdings
in the Pacific Northwest, 28.

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