except within territory placed under military law. In a community where the inhabitants were liable to constant change there could exist no balance wheel in the form of public sentiment common to all settled communities, and as the work might be seriously hampered by the agitations of one or more persons, such a power was necessary for the good of the whole. Authority was given to the Commission to legislate on all subjects not inconsistent with the laws and treaties applicable to the Zone, such legislative power also to:

... include the power to raise and appropriate revenues in said Zone; and all taxes, judicial fines, customs duties and other revenues levied and collected in said Zone by or under the authority of said Commission shall be retained, accounted for, and disbursed by said Commission for its proper purposes. The members of said Commission to the number of four or more shall constitute a legislative quorum and all rules and regulations passed and

enacted by said Commission shall have set forth as a caption that they are enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission 'By authority of the President of the United States'.

A member of the Commission, MajorGeneral George W. Davis, U. S. A., who had had previous experience in Porto Rico and in the Philippine Islands, was appointed Governor of the Canal Zone. It was made his duty to take and maintain possession of the territory including the public land together with the property, real and movable, on the Isthmus of Panama that had been acquired from the Republic of Panama, and to see that the laws were faithfully executed. The Governor was vested with the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the rules, regulations and laws in force or that might be enacted by the commission; to establish an adequate police force and, in case of an emergency, to call upon any

available military or naval force of the United States for assistance which the military commander was required to render.

The Governor of the Canal Zone reached the Isthmus on May 17, 1904, and two days later announced to the inhabitants of the land ceded by the Republic of Panama that the territory had been occupied by the United States, and that the temporary government over it and its inhabitants had been assumed by him acting for and in the name of the President of the United States. The people were also informed that the laws of the land would be continued in force except where they were found to be in conflict with certain fundamental principles of government that are embodied in the Constitution of the United States whereby specified individual rights are guaranteed. Alcaldes and other officials already in the per

formance of official duties were instructed to continue in the discharge of their functions.

The treaty of November, 1903, while stipulating certain limits to the extent of territory transferred to the United States, failed to fix definitely the boundaries of the cities of Panama and Colon with their adjacent harbors, and in order to avoid conflict of jurisdiction, the Governor undertook to remedy this defect, with the result that on June 15, 1904, a provisional agreement was made with the authorities of the Republic of Panama setting forth the boundaries between the two Powers. Subsequently Cristobal, on the north, and La Boca (called the port of Ancon), on the south, were announced and established as the terminal ports of the Canal Zone. Colon and Cristobal are contiguous, a street separating one from the other; both front on Limon Bay, a small indentation