charge of being a kidnapper, "Listen Ostreet, beating her most unmercifully, tearing woman! we have girls plenty in our country, her hair, and dragging her along the ground, -more girls than we want" (which, as Miss and bidding one of the boys to bite her savRye and Miss Faithfull tell us, is but too true), agely in the arm. It may well be believed -why should we take yours? This dis- that Miss Whately had some pain in leaving claimer was borne out by Shoh, testifying that these poor people, when the twelvemonth she had seen pictures of Miss Whately's own was over, after the many affecting conversabint och or sister's daughters, who were much tions she had had with them, and the chilnicer, prettier, and cleaner, than her young dren's holiday feast in the tamarisk grove, country-folk, and therefore Miss Whately was and "the mothers' meeting," at which she not likely to want to carry these away. An bade them farewell. Her hope and promise elder sister of Shoh's, likewisę a married is, that this work of charity, which she bewoman, named Fatmeh, her own three chil- gan in faith and conducted with exemplary dren having died within a fortnight, burst prudence, shall not be discontinued. We into passionate tears when she saw the por- know little, as yet, of the "Society for Protraits of Miss Whately's fair little nephews moting Female Education in the East; " but and nieces hang upon the wall. What less if its counsels and operations are always could the kind Englishwoman do than try to guided by such a spirit as that which persoothe her sorrow with the only words of uni- vades this volume, we should be pleased to versal comfort, "Dear Fatmeh, God is good!" hear of its success. Difficulties, however, It is for incidents such as these, full of that still greater than any of those to which she natural feeling which makes the whole world has alluded, will probably arise in any atkin, that we are charmed with Miss Whate- tempt to uproot Mohammedanism, and to plant ly's humane and womanly book. Christianity in its stead, on the banks of the Nile. Meantime, we are glad that a countrywoman of ours, having commenced this generous experiment, gives us, in such an interesting narrative, a genuine picture of the lower strata of social life in Egypt.

We should like to know what has become of poor Shoh, the "Ardently Beloved." She has, perhaps, since Miss Whately's departure, had rather a hard time of it, with a cruel mother and aunt, who disliked her attending the school, and who once set upon her in the

A BACKWOODS SERMON.-The Rev. J. H. | inter the pulpit; then I preaches a plain sarAughey, in his "Iron Furnace "-a narrative ment what even women can understand. I never of his experience and sufferings in rebeldomgives the following report of a sermon which was delivered by an unlettered preacher in Mississippi ::

premedertates, but what is given to me in that the Bible, and the first verse I sees I'm a gwine same hour, that I sez. Now I'm a gwine to open to take it for a tex [suiting the action to the word, he opened the Bible and commenced reading and spelling together], 'Man is f-e-a-r"My brethering and sistern :-I air a igno- f-u-l-l-y-fearfully-and w-o-n-d-e-r-f-u-l-l-y— rant man, follered the plow all my life, and never wonderfully-m-a-d-e-mad-[pronounced mad]. rubbed agin nary college. As I said afore, I'm Well, it's a quar tex, but I said I's a gwine to ignorant; and I thank God for it. [Brother preach from it, and I'm a gwine to do it. In the Jones responds: Parson, yer ort to be very fust place, I'll divide my sarment into three heads. thankful, fur yer very ignorant.'] Well, I'm Fust and foremost, I show you that a man will agin all high larnt fellers what preaches gram- git mad: second, that sometimes he'll get fearmar and Greek fur a thousand dollars a year. fully mad; and thirdly and lastly, when thar's They preaches fur the money and they gets it, lots of things to vex and pester him he'll git and that's all they'll git. They've got so high-fearfully and wonderfully mad. And in the aplarnt they contradicts Scripter what plainly tells us that the sun rises and sets. They says it don't, but that the yearth whirls round like clay to the seal. What ud come of the water in the wells ef it did? Woden't it all spill out and leave em dry, and whar'd we be? I may say to them as the sarpent said unto David, Much larning hath made thee mad.'

When I preaches, I never takes a tex till I git

plication, I'll show you that good men sometimes gits mad, for Possle David hisself who wrote the tex got mad, and called all men liars, and cussed his enemies, wishen 'em all to go down quick into hell; and Noah, he got tite, and cussed his nigger boy Ham, just like some drunken masters now cusses his niggers. But Noah and David repented, and all on us what gits mad must repent or the devil'll git us."

From The Examiner.

written in a little room at the back of Mr. H. The Bibliographier's Manual of English Liter- G. Bohn's premises, No. 4 York Street, Coature, containing an Account of Rare, Cu- vent Garden, where Mr. de Quincey resided, rious, and Useful Books, published in or in comparative seclusion, for several years. Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, from He had previously lived in the neighborhood of the Invention of Printing; with Bibliograph- Soho Square, and for some years was a freical and Critical Notices, Collations of the

Rarer Articles, and the Prices at which they quent visitor to the shop of Mr. Bohn's fahave been Sold in the Present Century. By ther. The writer remembers that he always William Thomas Lowndes, New Edition, seemed to speak in a kind of whisper." Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged, by Henry G. Bohn. Parts I. to VIII. Bohn. 1857-1863.

In preparing this edition of Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, Mr. Bohn has conferred a very great boon upon students of literary history and book collectors. The original work, published in 1834, was as perfect as a single hand could be expected to make it, and it is a proof of the value set upon it that for a long time it has been hardly procurable, even at an exorbitant price. A cheap reprint, such as Mr. Bohn at first proposed to himself, would have been very welcome; but, while adhering to the rule of cheapness, he has greatly increased the worth of the book by spending some five or six years in correcting many errors into which Lowndes had slipped, and in making the large additions necessitated by the growth of English literature during the last quarter of a century. All books first published since the time of Lowndes are reserved for a supplement, but new editions of old works, and often new commentaries or treatises relating to them, are carefully recorded. From these causes while the original Manual occupied 2,002 pages, Mr. Bohn's edition has already extended to 2,400 of about the same size, and if, as is likely, two other parts are needed to complete the alphabet, the whole work will not be comprised in less than 3,000 pages.

Under the name of Lord Macaulay, Mr. Bohn prints from a broadside, of which he believes he possesses the only extant copy, a curious illustration of the historian's wit, when he was counsel for Mr. Evans, one of the successful candidates in the fierce election for Leicester in 1826.

To the strictly bibliographical information afforded by Lowndes, Mr. Bohn has been careful, in each instance, to add as much as he could, and with this intent he says, "every sheet has been read over at least four times." Each volume shows that experience has suggested improvements upon its predecessors, and in perfecting the notices of the most important authors especial labor has been bestowed. Thus, the article on Newton, exceeding four pages, contains a classified list of all the editions of the great philosopher's works, supplemented by an enumeration, not only of the published biographies, but also of chief manuscript material on the subject; and ten pages are occupied with as careful a description of the Pope-literature, which Byron's praise has tended almost to double during the last thirty or forty years. Especial pains have been taken to prepare a complete catalogue of Ritson's writings, so scattered abroad, and many of them so buried in local libraries, that it is peculiarly difficult for the general student to know what he wrote and where it is to be found; and the work done by Sir Harris Nicolas, an antiquary worthy to be ranked with Ritson, but overlooked by Lowndes, is as fully chronicled. Many other men, too new to be included in the original Manual, among whom such authors as Dean Milman, Doctor Newman, and Professor Owen are noticable, also have justice here done to them.

Yet there is hardly a waste word in the book, and Mr. Bohn has adhered, with praiseworthy strictness, to the plan of giving fully all needful bibliographical information, but of giving nothing else. In the very few cases in which he has overstepped the line and trenched upon the ground of biography or literary anecdote, he has done so to good purpose. Concerning Thomas de Quincey-who But it is to his account of Shakspeare is indexed under Q because Lowndes's omis-" elaborated up to an extreme point, as a sion of him was not noticed until after the D warrantable exception to all ordinary rules," portion had been printed-we are told that that Mr. Bohn points with proper pride as theConfessions of an Opium-Eater," orig- a main feature in his bibliographical labors, inally in the London Magazine in 1822, "were past, present, and to come. The informa

66

prints, have appeared. In addition to these there have been twenty-six separate publications of Hamlet, accompanied with more or less copious notes and commentaries, and it has been once burlesqued. The complete series of the plays have, in like manner been published fifteen times in French, five in Polish, four in Italian, twice in Dutch, and once each in Danish, Swedish, Bohemian, and Hungarian. Still to use Hamlet as a test of the value set upon Shakspeare, it appears that the Dutch have access to four issues of the play as a separate work, the French to only three, the Italians to two, and the Danes, Swedes, and Bohemians to one apiece. Spanish acquaintance with Shakspeare is confined to such as can be obtained from two translations of Hamlet and one of Romeo and Juliet. The modern Greeks have access to one version of Hamlet, and one of The Tempest, and the Bengalese to a Merchant of Venice and a Romeo and Juliet, while the Russians-whose language has been misread by Mr. Bohn's transcriber-have single translations of most of the plays, but none of Hamlet.

tion that Lowndes found twenty-three pages Turning to the foreign part of Mr. Bohn's enough to contain, is here so much aug- article, we find, as might be supposed, that mented as to fill a hundred and fourteen, the Germans have been far more industrious while the whole is so complete, and is pre-translators and critics of Shakspeare than any sented in so orderly a way, that it certainly others. Of the whole collection of plays deserves to be issued as a separate work, and seven-and-twenty editions, not reckoning reused by every student as a companion to Shakspeare's plays. Of the first four folio editions, published in 1623, 1632, 1663, and 1685, Mr. Bohn gives precise descriptions, including a comparison of all their principal variations, and these are followed by an enumeration of the date, size, and price, and special feature of each of the two hundred and fifty-nine editions of the complete dramatic works that have appeared during the last hundred and fifty-four years, beginning with Rowe's octavo, in seven volumes, and ending with Chambers's Household Edition now in course of publication. The various editions of selected plays or parts of plays are next catalogued, and after that comes a long list of the issues of each separate play, interspersed with many interesting fragments of literary gossip. Hamlet has been more than forty times printed in a detached form, most of the publications being "acting editions," some few being adapted for schools, and others being made the basis of elaborate disquisitions. In 1712 it was issued as an opera, and thirty years before that date appeared an edition in which-in characteristic indication of the taste for rant not then inconsistent enough to proclaim its own condemnation-Hamlet's instructions to the players are marked for omission. In 1811, in 1838, and in 1849 travesties were published of the play which it is almost blasphemy to ridicule, and in 1834 one Doctor Rush, a Philadelphian, was bold enough to print "Hamlet, a Dramatic Prelude," beginning with the hero's schooling at Wittenberg and ending with his arrival at court to be present at his father's burial. Of the first quarto edition of Shakspeare's drama, published in 1603, only two copies are known to exist. The one, wanting the last leaf, was sold in 1825 for £250; the other, lacking nothing but the title-page, was bought by Mr. Rooney, a bookseller, of Dublin, at an old stall, in 1856, for a trifling sum, —we believe, fourpence,—and sold by him to Mr. Boone, of Bond Street, for £70, who disposed of it to Mr. Halliwell for £120, who in his turn sold it a few years ago to the trustees of the British Museum.

Under the head of "Shaksperiana," Mr. Bohn gives more than seventy columns of information. It is not in a form very available for reference; but who could succeed in classifying the huge accumulation of wisdom and folly shown by the thousand and one commentators and critics from Thomas Rymer, whose "Tragedies of the Last Age examined by the Practice of the Ancients" appeared in 1678, to Mr. Bailey, whose " Improvements on the Received Text of Shakspeare's Dramatic Works," were noticed in our columns a few weeks ago? The Collier-controversy alone extends to seven-and-twenty English and at least seven German volumes, besides a numberless array of newspaper articles and reviews.

Besides the information on Shakspeare, the last part of the Bibliographer's Manual—extending from "Reid " to "Simon"-contains several articles, for the preparation of which very great credit is due to its editor. Respecting Schiller, Lowndes made only three entries. Mr. Bohn gives a full list, reaching

to nearly six columns, of all the translations | splendid gift-books, adorned with pictures by and biographies published in English. Eng- such artists as Wilkie, Turner, Stanfield, lish readers were introduced to the greatest and Maclise, to shilling and sixpenny pocket of German dramatist, by Lord Woodhouse- volumes, are too many to be counted, and his lee's version of "The Robbers," in 1792, and Coleridge's masterly rendering of "The Piccolomini" and "The Death of Wallenstein" appeared in 1800. Of "William Tell" alone there have been thirteen separate renderings, many of them several times reprinted; and there have been as many independent versions of "The Song of the Bell," besides those contained in Sir E. B. Lytton's and Mr. Edgar Bowring's collective translations of the "Poems" and the detached compilations of various other hands.

The English popularity of Schiller, however, is of course far exceeded by that of his great contemporary in our own country. The editions of Scott's Poems, ranging from

novels, in forms equally adapted to every taste and pocket, are still more popular. Mr. Bohn cannot tell how many thousand copies have in each case gone to a reprint, nor dred readers have been delighted by the wellis it in his power to calculate how many hunthumbed copies in constant demand at every circulating library, but a very full account of Scott bibliography, including mention of the more important series of pencil illustrations, occupies twelve columns of the Manual. Among the Ss, the names Shelley and Sheridan, and the subjects Scotland and Shorthand, and, as an attractive feature of the part soon give special evidence of original research, to be published, Mr. Bohn promises a very careful account of every edition of every book written by and about Dean Swift.

THE REVIVAL OF SPAIN.-The material revival of Spain, of which we have had vague accounts from various sources, is established beyond question by recent official publications. An English magazine writer, who has carefully studied the reports of the Spanish Statistical Commission, gives an excellent analysis of the results of the inquiries which were instituted by that body under the direction of General Narvaez. It appears that not only has the population of the country rapidly increased (in 1857 it was 15,464,000), but agricultural industry and the railway interests have been enormously developed within a few years.

iron mines has risen from nine million kilogrammes in 1797 to 41,000,000 in 1861; copper yields 2,704,000 kilogrammes, and zinc 1,853000. The consumption of coal has increased so rapidly that the mines of the country are incapable of supplying the demand, so that the imports of this article have quadrupled in twelve years. The importation of cotton. has trebled in twelve years, and the silk trade has revived in nearly equal proportion.

Spain has also developed her commerce and her mercantile navy with remarkable rapidity. From 1843 to 1860 the exports and imports together increased three hundred and fifty per cent.; and in 1860 her mercantile marine had risen to an aggregate of 19,224 vessels, measuring 2,526,508 tons

against 9,800 ships of 1,050,000 tons in 1843. The energetic efforts of the government to restore Spain to her proper rank among the continental powers appear to have been wisely directed, and the results are already amazing. The sloth of many years has given place to a better spirit, and the process of regeneration will be watched with interest.

The increase of railway facilities, by affording ready access to market, has greatly stimulated the agriculture of the kingdom, while the revenue from the land-tax has kept pace with the progress of rural industry and the increase of population. In 1861 fifteen hundred miles of railway were in operation, whereas in 1848 there were but twenty-five. The common roads, too, which were formerly neglected by the government, have been extended and improved in similar proportion; two hundred and fifty-four leagues having been made between 1840 and 1855, at a cost of sixtythree millions of reals, and the whole length now PRODUCT OF PETROLEUM OIL IN PENNSYLVANIA. amounting to eleven thousand miles. The natu--From a report published in a Pittsburg (Pa.) ral result of this liberal system of communication is the opening of new districts for tillage, the creation of new centres of trade, and the increase of markets for agricultural produce.

According to the latest official returns, agriculture is the occupation of seventy-five Spaniards in every hundred, and the proportion is increasing; while the land-tax, which in the year 1846 produced but 238,000,000 reals, now brings to the national treasury an average annual income of 400,000,000 reals. The yearly production of grain is 66,000,000 hectolitres; the yield of the

paper, it appears that not a barrel of petroleum had been landed at Pittsburg three years ago. Within that space of time 2,000,000 barrels have been delivered on the wharves of that city. The value of this quantity unrefined, amounted to $8,000,000; when refined $17,000,000; two-thirds of the quantity was refined in Pittsburg and its vicinity. There are sixty oil refineries in that city, in which six hundred persons are employed, and which, in buildings and apparatus, represent a capital of $1,000,000. In these refineries 1,200,000 bushels of coal are consumed annually.

From The Spectator.
THE ARCHIVES OF THE VATICAN.*

all his rhetoric to turn the king from his purpose, and induce him to satisfy his conscience and establish the succession by applying for a fresh dispensation from Rome. In the other, it was debated whether the Pope could dispense, and, granting he could, whether the dispensation was valid. “And, in fact," says

story; a statement fully confirmed by these documents. On the second day after his arA GERMAN student of the name of Laemmer rival he was visited privately after dinner by has had the good fortune to gain admittance Henry, full of impatience to break off the to the secret archives of the Vatican, and has marriage. For four hours the conversation given to the world the results of his researches of the king and the legate was confined to two in an octavo volume of five hundred pages. arguments. In the first, Campeggio urged The documents he has selected for publication, though but a small portion of his collection, are of unusual interest. They commence with the year 1521, and bring us down to 1546. Of the value of these papers to the historian of the sixteenth century some idea may be formed from the rank and names of the writers. The selection has been made Campeggio, "his majesty has studied this from the despatches (nuntiatura) of Papal subject with so much diligence that I believe nuncios and ambassadors at the different he knows more about it than any great lawcourts of Europe to the Sovereign Pontiff. yer or theologian." Henry gave the cardiAs it has been M. Laemmer's main purpose nal clearly to understand that he would listen to illustrate the history of the Reformation to no other arguments than this-" was the and the policy pursued by the Popes, there marriage valid, or was it not?" the king alis scarcely an event or prominent actor dur-ways assuming its invalidity; "and I being the first half of the sixteenth century that lieve," says Campeggio, “if an angel came is not brought into notice in the course of down from heaven he could not persuade him these pages. Besides the negotiations imme- otherwise.”. diately affecting our own country, we light In his anxiety to remove some part of the upon the names of Erasmus, Melancthon, odium which clings to Henry for his conduct Charles V., Francis I., and Ferdinand, the pro- on this occasion, Mr. Froude has advanced the ceedings of the Zwinglians, the Anabaptists at extraordinary hypothesis that Catherine, with Munster, the disturbances in Hungary and Bo- a refined selfishness, had proposed that both hemia. New facts are brought to light and of them should pledge themselves to a vow of deficiencies in the chain of history are supplied. celibacy. "She seems," says Mr. Froude, It would be impossible in the narrow lim"to have said that she was ready to take vows its of our space to do more than notice some of chastity if the king would do the same. It few of the more important letters which relate does not appear whether the request was forto this country; and, even here, we must re-mally made, or whether it was merely sugstrict our observations to one topic. We pass gested to her in private; " and then Mr. by a letter from Cardinal Wolsey on the Froude volunteers a series of reflections on a tivity of Clement VII., to notice the reports supposed fact, which has no other foundation which Campeggio gives of his proceedings in than his own imagination. The truth is, that the divorce of Henry VIII. His own letters the king, in a despatch to his ambassadors at now for the first time enable us to clear up Rome, had directed them to inquire, in the mistakes made by historians of the Reforma- event of his being able to persuade Catherine tion, even by the latest, who have trusted too to take the vows (a project to which she was implicitly to Burnet. On his arrival in Eng-" in no wise conformable "), on the express land the Legate was lodged at the Palace of understanding that he would do the same, Bridewell, not suffering, as Mr. Froude rep-"only thereby to conduce the queen thereto,”* resents, from a "convenient," but a very inconvenient fit of the gout, which kept him an unwilling prisoner in his house. He was carried in a chair between four persons, for he was not able to stand," as Stowe tells the

сар

* Monumenta Vaticana Historiam Ecclesiasticam Sæculi xvi. illustrantia; excerpsit Hugo Laemmer. Friburgi. 1861.

whether the Pope," for so great a benefit to ensue unto the king's succession with the quiet of his conscience," would dispense with the vow in the king's case, and allow him to marry again! For a deception so base and dishonorable, heightened, if possible, by the lonely and friendless state of Catherine, whose *State Papers, vii., 136.