The American Constitutional System

act of Congress adopted apply appointment Articles Articles of Confederation authority bill bill of attainder citizens citizenship civil compensation conflict consent constitutional provision constitutionality construed contract clause corporation crime criminal decision declared district due process due-process clause duties Eighteenth Amendment election electors eminent domain enacted enforcement equal-protection clause established executive exercise expressly extent Federal Constitution Federal courts Fifth Amendment foreign Fourteenth Amendment framers governmental granted House impeachment important individual inheritance tax interstate commerce invalid judges judicial jurisdiction jury land legislative legislature levied liberty limitation matter ment National Government necessary offense opinion party passed person police power political power of Congress practice President's privileges process of law prohibition protection punishment purpose question railroad ratification reasonable regulation rule sect Senate statute Supreme Court taxation territory tion treaty trial tribunal unconstitutional Union United upheld valid violation vote writ