A. C. Backus, Municipal Court, Milwaukee, Wis.

Committee "C"-Classification and Definition of Crime.

Ernst Freund, Chairman, University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, Illinois.
Eugene A. Gilmore, University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, Wis.

Robert W. Millar, Northwestern University Law School, 31 W. Lake St., Chicago,
Illinois.

Nathan William MacChesney, President Illinois State Bar Association, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

Robert H. Marr, Former Criminal Code Commissioner, 609 Hennen Building, New Orleans, La.

William Healy, Director of Juvenile Psychopathic Institute, County Building, Chicago, Ill.

Joel D. Hunter, Chief Probation Officer, Juvenile Court, County Building, Chicago, Ill.

Committee "D"-Modernization of Criminal Procedure.

Robert W. Millar, Chairman, Northwestern University Law School, 31 W. Lake St., Chicago, Ill.

Edwin R. Keedy, University of Pennsylvania Law School, 3400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

William E. Mikell, University of Pennsylvania Law School, 3400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Quincy A. Myers, Former Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Indiana, FletcherAmerican National Bank Bldg., Indianapolis, Indiana.

William N. Gemmill, Municipal Court, Chicago, Ill.

William H. McHenry, Ninth Judicial District Court, Des Moines, Iowa.

E. Ray Stevens, Ninth Judicial Circuit Court, Madison, Wis.

Lawrence Veiller, Secy. of Committee on Criminal Courts of the Charity Organiza

tion Society, 105 E. 22nd St., New York City.

Robert J. Wilkin, King's County Children's Court, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Charles C. Nott, Judge, Court of General Sessions, New York, N. Y.

Edward Lindsey, Pennsylvania Bar, Warren, Penna.

Moorfield Storey, former President American Bar Ass'n, 735 Exchange Bldg., Boston, Mass.

Arthur Keetch, Assistant District Attorney, Los Angeles, Cal.

Maurice Parmelee, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

Committee "E"-Crime and Immigration.

Robert Ferrari, Chairman of New York Bar, 2 Rector Street, New York City.
Gino G. Speranza, Counsel to Italian Consulate, 40 Pine Street, New York City, N.Y.
Edward A. Ross, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.

Bernard Glueck, Government Hospital for Insane, Washington, D. C.

Raymond B. Fosdick, Bureau of Social Hygiene, 61 Broadway, New York City. Kate Claghorn, School of Philanthrophy, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City, N. Y. Vittorio Racco, N. Y. Univ. School of Law N. Y. City

Committee "F"-Sterilization of Criminals.

Joel D. Hunter, Chairman, Juvenile Court, County Building, Chicago, Illinois. Edward J. Gavegan, Judge of Supreme Court, New York City, N. Y.

Bleecker Van Wagenen, 443 Fourth Avenue, New York City, N. Y.

William A. White, Government Hospital for Insane, Washington, D. C.

T. D. Crothers, Hospital for Inebriates, Hartford, Conn.

H. H. Laughlin, Eugenics Record Office, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y. . Hastings H. Hart, Sage Foundation, 130 East 22nd Street, New York City, N. Y. John Webster Melody, Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

William T. Belfield, Chicago Medical Society, 32 N. State St., Chicago, Ill.

Peter J. O'Callaghan, Paulist Mission, Washington, D. C.

Committee "G”—Drugs and Crime.

Robert J. Sterrett, Ass't Federal District Atty., Chairman, Post Office Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

S. C. Kohs, Psychologist, House of Correction, Chicago, Ill.

H. C. Stevens, Psychopathic Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

L. L. Stanley, Resident Physician, State Prison, San Quentin, California.

Charles E. Sceleth, Medical Superintendent House of Correction, Chicago, Ill.

Committee "I"-State Societies and New Memberships.

Frank K. Nebeker, 615 Judge Building, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Harry V. Osborne, Newark, New Jersey.

Frank H. Norcross, Carson City, Nevada.

Amos W. Butler, State House, Indianapolis, Ind.

A. M. Kidd, University of California, Berkeley, Cal.

Henry M. Bates, Law School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Hiram Ralph Burton, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C.

A. Chester Clark, Concord, N. H.

Wm. B. Cockley, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Edward A. Fredenhagen, 303 New England Building, Kansas City, Mo.

W. O. Hart, 134 Carondelet St., New Orleans, La.

Andrew R. McMaster, K. C., 189 St. James St., Montreal, Canada.

Jed W. Robinson, Grafton, W. Virginia.

C. C. Bird, Wausau, Wisconsin.

Committee II-Promotion of Institute Measures.

Frederick B. Crossley, Chairman, Northwestern University Law School, 31 W. Lake St., Chicago, Ill.

James W. Garner, State University, Urbana, Illinois.

Robert H. Gault, Northwestern University, 31 W. Lake Street, Chicago, Ill.

Committee III-Publications.

Robert H. Gault, Chairman, Northwestern University, 31 W. Lake Street, Chicago, Ill.

James W. Garner, State University, Urbana, Ill.

Frederic B. Crossley, Northwestern University Law School, 31 W. Lake Street, Chicago, Ill.

Horace Secrist, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.

H. C. Stevens, Psycopathic Laboratory, University of Chicago.

Committee on Translation of Treatises on Criminal Law.

John H. Wigmore, Chairman, Northwestern University Law School, 31 W. Lake St., Chicago, Ill.

Ernst Freund, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

Edward Lindsey, of Pennsylvania Bar, Warren, Penna.

Maurice Parmelee, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

W. W. Smithers, Comparative Law Bureau, 1100 Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Penna.

Committee on Employment and Compensation of Prisoners.

William N. Gemmill, Municipal Court, Chicago, Ill.

Committee on Indeterminate Sentence, Release on Parole, and Pardon.

Edward Lindsey, of the Pennsylvania Bar, Chairman, Warren, Penna.

Frank L. Randall, State House, Boston, Mass.

Edwin M. Abbott, of Pennsylvania Bar, 1027-28 Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Penna.

Committee on Criminal Statistics.

John Koren, Chairman, Pemberton Square, Boston, Mass.

Louis N. Robinson, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Penna.

Frank L. Randall, Prison Commission, State House, Boston, Mass.

Arthur W. Towne, Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 105 Schermerhorn St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

A. L. Bowen, Illinois Charities Commission, Springfield, Ill.

Robert E. Chaddock, Columbia University, New York City, N. Y.

Edith Abbott, School of Civics and Philanthropy, Chicago, Ill.
Chester G. Vernier, State University, Urbana, Illinois.

The Eighth Annual Meeting of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene.— At the Eighth Annual Meeting of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, held February 2, 1916, at the Hotel Biltmore, New York City, which was attended by a large group of distinguished alienists, social workers and philanthropists, Mr. Otto T. Bannard, the Treasurer, announced that the Rockefeller Foundation had donated to the National Committee $22,800 for carrying on surveys of the care of the insane in sixteen states during the present year, supplementing gifts of Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, Mrs. A. A. Anderson and Mr. Henry Phipps, which makes it possible for the Committee to greatly extend its work.

The report of Mr. Clifford W. Beers, the Secretary, showed that the movement for conserving mental health and for improving the care of the insane and feebleminded has grown in a remarkable way. Societies for mental hygiene are now at work in Connecticut, Illinois, New York, Massachusetts, Maryland, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, the District of Columbia, Alabama, Louisiana, and California. During the present year societies will be organized in Michigan, Rhode Island, Minnesota, Indiana, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas. The financial resources of the National Committee and State agencies have also increased, until now about twenty-five times as much is being expended on this sort of mental hygiene work as was spent in 1908, when the first Society was founded.

Dr. Walter E. Fernald, Superintendent of the State School for the Feebleminded of Waverley, Massachusetts, presented a plan which had been adopted by the Sub-committee on Mental Deficiency, of which he is Chairman, for popular education, extensive surveys and researches in this subject. Demands for advice regarding institutional provisions, special classes for backward children and psycho

logical examinations in children's courts, Dr. Fernald said, had been received from all parts of the country and it was felt that this movement to deal more adequately with the problem of the feeble-minded could be greatly helped by the same kind of authoritative advice and aid which is being given on behalf of the insane. A strong appeal was made by Dr. Fernald for special funds to meet the increased demands for this kind of work. Dr. William L. Russell, Medical Superintendent of Bloomingdale Hospital, described how the work of the National Committee is conducted under the supervision of an Executive Committee, all experts in different fields of mental hygiene.

Dr. Thomas W. Salmon, the Medical Director of the Committee, gave an account of the surveys of the care of the insane which had been carried on during the year in South Carolina and in Texas and announced that similar studies, each conducted by expert alienists, are under way or about to be undertaken in California Tennessee, Missouri, Illinois, North Dakota, Indiana and in the District of Columbia. Requests for some of these surveys have come from the highest officials in the States and attention was called to the striking change of attitude on the part of those charged with the care of the insane who not only permitted but welcomed such expert studies of their facilities for dealing with mental diseases. In the course of a moving description of the sufferings of the insane confined in county almshouses, jails and poor farms, Dr. Salmon expressed the belief that the surveys which have been made possible by the appropriation of the Rockefeller Foundation will result in the complete abandonment of this type of neglect within the next few years. The steady decline in the number of persons in almshouses which has existed since 1880 is due he said in large part to the increasing provision in hospitals for the insane and, with the acceleration of this movement and increased provision for the feebleminded, the end of the small town or county poor farms which dot the country-side is in sight. It was shown that 1,688 such institutions, each with less than twentyfive inmates, existed in the United States all serving no useful purpose but, on the contrary, inviting the improper detention of the insane and the feeble-minded. The most encouraging feature of Dr. Salmon's report was an account of the increasing interest in securing psychopathic hospitals for all large cities in which the earliest and most efficient treatment can be provided for acute and recoverable cases of mental disease. Such hospitals each with its out-patient department and psychological clinics for children exist in Boston, Baltimore, and Chicago, as well as in several smaller cities, while New York is still unprovided with such an institution.

Among the members of the National Committee present at the meeting and luncheon which preceded it, were: Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, Sr., Mr. Otto T. Bannard, Dr. L. Pierce Clark, Dr. Charles L. Dana, Mr. Horace Fletcher, Mr. William J. Hoggson, Dr. Frederick Peterson, Miss Florence M. Rhett, Dr. William B. Coley, Prof. Stephen P. Duggan, Dr. M. Allen Starr, Dr. Pearce Bailey, Dr. Henry Smith Williams, Dr. Thomas W. Salmon, and Mr. Clifford W. Beers, New York City, Dr. Lewellys F. Barker, Dr. C. Macfie Campbell, Dr. Arthur P. Herring, Baltimore; Dr. Owen Copp, Philadelphia; Dr. Charles P. Bancroft, Concord; Dr. Stewart Paton, Princeton; Dr. William A. White, Washington; Dr. William L. Russell, White Plains; Dr. G. Alder Blumer, Providence; Dr. Walter E. Fernald, Waverley, Mass.; Dr. C. S. Little, Thiells, N. Y.; Professor E. R. Johnstone, Vineland, N. J.; Mrs. M. M. Acker, Hornell, N. Y.; Mr. John Koren and Dr. Henry R. Stedman, Boston; and Dr. A. C. Rogers, Faribault, Minnesota.-Clifford BeerS, Sec'y Soc. for Ment. Hyg., N, Y. City.

REVIEWS AND CRITICISMS.

CESARE LOMBROSO; STORIA DELLA VITA E DELLE OPERE NARRATA DALLA FIGLIA. (CAESAR LOMBroso; Story of his Life and HIS WORK WRITTEN BY HIS DAUGHTER). By Gina LombrosoFerrero. Bocca, Turin, Italy, 1915. Pp. 435 with numerous photographs and illustrations.

Cesare Lombroso was born in Verona, Italy, November 6th, 1835. He was the son of Argonne Lombroso and Zefora Levi who were wealthy Hebrews coming of distinguished and ancient lineage. His parents lived with his maternal grandfather until this relative died. At the time of his grandfather's death his parents were visiting his mother's relatives at Cheiri. Cesare Lombroso who was then five years old was then intrusted to the care of his uncle, David Levi, with whom he remained three years.

David Levi taught him to read and write, gave him lessons in poetry and instilled into his childish mind thoughts and ambitions. concerning liberty and politics which had a marked influence on Lombroso's character throughout his life. David Levi was especially interested in social and political questions and was a member of Mazzini's Society of "Young Italy".

His grandfather's death left his parents in reduced circumstances. They were forced to give up much of their former mode of living and were compelled to take a small villa near Verona. After living with his uncle, David Levi, for three years he returned to his parents who sent him to a grammar school near their home. After completing his common school studies, he studied Latin, Greek, history, geography and mathematics under the tutelage of a Jesuit priest. He found mathematics an extremely difficult study and only by the greatest amount of effort did he succeed in this subject.

Cesare Lombroso was a very timid, sensative and affectionate child; he did not care much for the company of other children and much preferred to wander alone through fields and woods reading aloud from a book. His first boyhood friend proved to be a great disappointment-a book which Lombroso was very fond of reading was lost and it was afterwards recovered at a second hand bookstore. It had been stolen by his friend and sold to the bookseller. It is said that this discovery was such a shock to the sensitive Cesare that it made him ill. The morbid thoughts of this act are credited with having stimulated Lombroso to discover the real cause of crime.

At the age of fifteen he began studying with Professor Sandri, a famous Veronese botanist. He was at this time very much interested in political subjects and agriculture and he wrote a "History of the Roman Empire" and "Ancient Roman Agriculture." These treatises revealed the nature of his mentality and his broad grasp and comprehension of the realities of life that were then rampant in Italy.