The stock upon the reservation is mostly horses. There are about ten thousand head of horses; these are mostly small, and not suitable for teams. I purchased last fall four American stallions, which will do something in changing the size and general character of their horses., They have about twelve hundred head of neat cattle. These are in small bands all over the reservation, and owned by about two hundred different persons. Their stock is their wealth, and with suitable pains taken in improving and increasing it they will soon become in this wealthy. It is now near seven years since I came to live with this nation. At first it was extremely difficult to overcome their long-established notions of wandering and to induce them to make themselves homes; but, with the encouragement they have received and the help which has been furnished in ploughing their land, making them harness, ploughs, harrows, and all kinds of useful tools, they drop the notion of wandering and settle down to cultivate the soil. One succeeding in it, induces ten more, and ten will make a fixture of a hundred; and the ratio is increasing every year in about this degree. In a "circular" dated Olympia, February 1, 1867, "the agents, sub-agents, or special agents are required in their annual reports to furnish a map," &c. I herewith transmit the map. Since receiving the above circular I have not been able to take as complete a census of all the different tribes under my jurisdiction as was desirable. The only time this can be done with any good degree of accuracy, without great expense to the department, is when the Indians are called to receive their annuities. It will soon be two years since they have received annuities, and at the gathering there this fall I will see that it is done to my own and the satisfaction of the department. In said circular you ask the "opinion of the agents in relation to the breaking up of some reservations and consolidating on others." This, no doubt, could be done to the advantage of the Indians where they are by their location brought into connection and contact with the whites. Any and all reservations located where great thoroughfares are bordering upon or passing through them will find trouble growing up between the whites and Indians. The treaty with the Yakama nation provided there "shall be one tinner," &c. We have never had a tinner to work as tiuner since the reservation was organized. The gunsmith, with a light stock of tools, could do the work needed in this department, and a practical harnessmaker, in the place of tinner, would be worth three or four times as much to the Indians. It will be remembered I recommended this change in a former communication to your office. In conclusion, permit me to say, keep good men among the Indians, and let the laws be vigorously enforced against the lawless, who prowl around reservations like greedy wolves or hungry dogs, and peace and prosperity will attend the Indian service. Respectfully submitted. JAMES H. WILBUR, U. S. Indian Agent, Washington Territory. No. 6. YAKAMA INDIAN RESERVATION, Fort Simcoe, Washington Territory, May 31, 1867. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following annual report for the year 1867: There was raised at the school farm 166 bushels of wheat, 140 bushels of potatoes, 14 bushels of peas, 10 bushels of carrots, and other vegetables. About six acres of new land at the agency has been cleared, ploughed, and enclosed with a good substantial fence, and planted with corn, potatoes, &c., for the use of the school. The articles of clothing, &c., made for the school children were 43 shirts, 40 aprons, 43 dresses, 27 pairs of pants, 4 jackets, 9 underskirts, 2 quilts, 25 pairs of stockings knit, and other useful articles made. The soap and candles required for the use of the school were also manufactured. In the workshop there was made 59 pairs of shoes, 2 pairs of boots, 11 riding bridles, 4 halters, and boots, shoes, and harness repaired. The shoes were made for the school children, and the other articles for the Indians. The value of the latter was $165. In consequence of a lack of leather and other material, less has been accomplished during this than in former years. The shop has been recently furnished with leather and material for making 20 sets of team harness, which, when completed, will be of great service to the Indians, who are turning their attention to farming. Two teachers have been employed during the year-Rev. A. C. Fairchild and Mrs. L. A. Wilber-who have imparted instruction in their respective depart ments. In former reports I have given our plan of operations and explained the manner of conducting these schools. With this report close my labors in the Indian schools, with which I have been connected for nearly seven years. We trust our humble efforts to benefit the young have been put forth with the right spirit, and will result in good to those for whom we have so long labored. Very respectfully, Rev. JAMES H. WILBUR, United States Indian Agent. WILLIAM WRIGHT, Superintendent of Teaching. No. 7. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following, my annual report for the year ending June 30, 1867. In order to comply with the request made in a circular of the date of February 1, 1867, I have caused a complete census to be taken of the four different tribes that are parties to this treaty of Olympia, to wit: Number of deaths and burials during the year at the Quinaielt agency, 7. The Quillehutes, Holes, and Queets still inhabit their old places of abode, and nothing of an ordinary character would induce them to leave the scenes of their childhood and old hunting grounds, where they are continually employed fishing and in the chase, together with many other things to which they have become attached; all conspiring to render the ties which bind them to their old homes stronger and more endearing, and, until the lands they now occupy are needed for settlement, it will be their homes still. Fish and game, such as salmon, elk, deer, bear, beaver, and otter, abound in large quantities, and afford ample means of employment and subsistence for all. In addition to this a small patch of land, such as is found on all the streams, (and which almost every family cultivates,) when cleared up and worked in anything like a proper manner, will produce all the potatoes, turnips, carrots, &c, that a common-sized family can consume; and I have often heard those upper Indians speak of the superior quality of the vegetables they raise. Frequent visits are made by all the above-named tribes to this agency, and considerable traffic is carried on between them and the Quinaielts. At the present time peace and harmony exist, so that the most friendly relations are cultivated towards each other; and also the whites, the chiefs of said tribes, have repeatedly assured me that they were determined to be the white man's friends. Not much, however, has been done, or can be done at present, with a view of inducing them to adopt the habits of civilization on account of being so little associated with the whites, or other Indians, that have in some measure abandoned the traditions and superstitious notions of their fathers. Improvements at this agency have been steadily advancing, although, as I have before stated, the location is not susceptible of a high state of cultivation; and in consequence of our crop of potatoes being destroyed the two previous seasons, I have seeded down the whole to grass, which is the only kind of a crop that promises any remuneration whatever for so much labor bestowed in clearing. At the Anderson house we have planted about two acres of potatoes by way of experiment, which I hope will prove more successful. The Indians cultivate about six acres of land on the river bottom; each family has a patch near their house, some of whom cultivate their gardens well, and raise excellent crops. About 1,000 bushels of potatoes and 100 bushels of turnips were raised by them the last year, and this present season promises a much larger yield. The Indians here are making some marked improvements in the paths of civilization, having been induced to quit gambling, and voluntarily given up their chil-chils, which are the same to them as cards with the whites. The Indian women also followed the example of the men, and brought forward their beaver teeth, (that are the same as dice with the whites,) and since that time not anything of the kind has been seen or heard of, so that I have good reason to hope the practice of gambling is entirely broken up. Hitherto these Indians have not had the advantage of a school; but we have a school-house now in course of erection, which will be ready for use early this fall. There are many that have already signified their willingness to attend, and expressed a wish to learn to read and write, and otherwise understand some of the useful arts of the white man. I herewith annex a map, showing the location of agency, streams, roads, &c.,. on reservation. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. J. MCKENNEY, Esq., JOSEPH HILL, Superintendent Indian Affairs, Olympia, W. T. I-Vol. ii- -4 No. 8. SKOKOMISH INDIAN RESERVATION, Washington Territory, July 1, 1857. SIR: I have the honor herewith to transmit my third annual report. The Sklallams and other bands of Indians under treaty of Point-no-Point, and under my charge, remain in about the same condition as at my last report. Their general health continues bad, and many of them have died within the past year, and unless something can be done to relieve them by medical aid or otherwise they will very soon disappear. NUMBER OF INDIANS IN AGENCY. In your instructions of February last, you directed the agents to take the census of all the Indians in their respective agencies. This I found to be impossible without going to a large outlay of money. The Indians are scattered from the head of Hood's canal to Clallam bay, a distance of over 150 miles. I had hoped, however, before making my report, to be able to call them together to receive their annuities, but in this I have been mistaken, and am compelled under the circumstances to make my calculations from the best data 1 can find. In my last annual report I estimated the Indians in my charge at 883, which I think was very nearly correct. Whether they have diminished or increased since then I am unable to say, but from the number of deaths on the reservation, and in the vicinity, I am of opinion that 800 will cover the full number now living in this agency. IMPROVEMENTS. Since my last report 400 fruit trees have been added to the orchard, making 1,000 trees that have been set in the orchard within the last three years, the whole of which, together with the ground upon which the agency buildings stand, have been enclosed with a substantial picket fence, which adds much to the appearance and security of the agency. The farms have not improved much since my last communication, from the fact that I have had but very little means in my hands that could be used in that way, and I find it impossible to get the Indians to clear the land unless they are paid for it. I am, however, doing something towards getting the logs and brush piled and burned that remain upon the land I had chopped and slashed down last season. When this is done, I propose sowing the whole down in timothy and clover. There are now in cultivation about 100 acres, 60 of which are well set with grass; the remainder is planted in potatoes, oats, and other garden vegetables, by the Indians and farmer, and promises fair for a good crop. Besides cultivating small fields, many of the Indians hire themselves to the farmers and mill men living along the sound. Some few of them save their money after working for it, while the greater portion squander it for whiskey or something else that is of no use to them. This will continue to be the case until the Indians are compelled to reside on the reservation. As they are now located, the agents can have but little influence with a great majority of them. SCHOOLS. Last December a school was opened here, with 23 scholars, and has been continued ever since, but with very little if any progress. In fact I consider the teacher wholly incompetent to teach an Indian school, for the proof of which I beg leave to refer you to his monthly and annual reports. A school-house has been erected and about completed, capable of holding 35 or 40 children, and everything has been done, not only by myself, but by all the employés, to advance the interest of the school, but I find it is going down every day, and now has but 13 scholars. HOUSES ON THE RESERVE. The houses at the agency consist of three frame and one log dwelling, one framed school-house, and one barn. For further particulars you will please find map attached. I also beg leave to call your attention to employé's report, also statistics of education, farming, &c., marked as follows, viz: Farmer, A; carpenter, B; teacher, C; map, D; statistics, E and F. All of which is respectfully submitted for your consideration. JOHN T. KNOX, No. 9. SKOKOMISH INDIAN SCHOOL, June 30, 1867. This school, which has been organized after the manner of the one which has been so successfully carried on for several years by the Rev. James H. Wilbur, agent of the Yakama nation at Simcoe, was inaugurated about the 23d of last December, and I feel confident that could we have the sympathy and hearty co-operation of the powers that be, it would be equally successful as the Simcoe school. I believe we have better facilities for making it self-supporting. I have, with the aid of the larger boys, thoroughly cleared, by digging up, burning, and removing all the stumps, a lot of about two acres, which, while it required much hard labor, now presents as fine a vegetable garden in as good state of cultivation as is to be found in the Territory, consisting of peas, beans, potatoes, carrots, onions, beets, turnips, early and late cabbage, and tomatoes, which now promise crops sufficient to supply a school of 30 or 40 scholars in vegetables for the year, and I now find my five years' apprenticeship on a vegetable farm in New Jersey to be of great service in my present position, and thus the boys are taught the same art as well; also the three years I spent on the shoemaker's bench enable me to instruct the boys during the coming winter in making and repairing shoes for the school. I am sorry to find that my efforts to elevate the children morally is fraught with so many discouragements, having the influence from the examples of both whites and Indians to contend against, especially Sabbath desecration, for while house-building, trafficking, and gambling are allowed to go on in our sight and hearing, I have but little encouragement in that direction. I hold regular Sabbath services in the boys' sleeping room, it being the only place for instruction on week days or Sabbath. Sometimes quite a number of adult Indians attend. I then endeavor to persuade them to abandon their evil practices and to become industrious, moral, and good. My experience as teacher in the Simcoe school, and my knowledge of the correct life of many and peaceful death of those I have seen die, has established my faith in the power of the gospel, with right surroundings, to elevate this race to a far better humanity and a glorious immortality, and I believe that the only reason why it has not to a greater extent been accomplished on this coast is because of the infidelity of those whose business it should be to labor for such elevation instead of their extermination, the prevailing opinion being they cannot be benefited, so the sooner they are out of the way the better. In our school we have 13 scholars, 10 boys and 3 girls, ranging from 6 |