64

VISITS- ESCORTS OF HONOR.

Should the governor-general, or any other officer administering the government of an island, find that from indisposition or pressure of important business he is unable to pay or return these visits in person, he will depute his aid-de-camp or some other officer to do so. In like manner, should a naval commander-in-chief, from indisposition or pressing occupation, be precluded from paying or returning these visits, he will depute an officer not below the rank of flag lieutenant to do so. In each case the officer failing to pay the required visit in person will report the circumstances, and assign the reasons which led to the omission, to the Department under which he is acting.

413. When a military commander officially visits a vessel of war, he will give notice in advance of his intention to do so. He is received at the gangway by the commander of the vessel and is accompanied there by the same officer when leaving. The officer who is sent with the customary offer of civilities is met at the gangway of a vessel of war by the officer of the deck, and is presented by the latter to the commander of the vessel.

414. A vessel of war is approached and boarded, by commissioned officers, by the starboard side and gangway. In entering a boat, the junior goes first and other officers follow in order of rank; in leaving a boat, the senior goes first. The latter acknowledges the salutes which are given at the gangway of a naval vessel.

415. Naval vessels fire personal salutes to officers entitled to them when the boats containing them have cleared the ship. It is an acknowledgment of the salute by the officer saluted for his boat to lie on her oars from the first until the last gun and for him to uncover; at the conclusion, to give way. Personal salutes are not returned

by military posts.

416. In case of vessels of war of foreign powers at peace with the United States lying in our ports or harbors and celebrating their national festivities, the commander of each fort, battery, or military post may participate in the celebration by firing salutes, parading commands, etc. In such a case the flag of the United States will be hoisted and lowered simultaneously with that of the ship on board of which the celebration occurs.

417. When boats are rowing in the same direction, an inferior is not to pass a superior in grade unless he is on urgent duty, or authorized by the superior.

When boats are pursuing opposite directions, the rule of the road to prevent fouling is that both shall "put their helms to port," i. e., to pass to the right, circumstances permitting.

When boats are approaching the same landing or vessel, an inferior is always to give way to a superior in rank.

Boats about leaving a ship's side or landing are to give way in ample time to others approaching.

It is not proper to land over another boat without permission, and only when it can not be avoided is permission to be asked.

418. A vessel of war on which the President of the United States is traveling displays the President's flag at the main. In case of foreign sovereigns, vessels display the royal standard of the sovereign in like manner.

ESCORTS OF HONOR.

419. Escorts of honor may be composed of any or of all arms, according to the circumstances. They are detailed for the purpose of receiving and escorting personages of high rank, civil or military, when they arrive and depart. The troops for this purpose will be selected for their soldierly appearance and superior discipline, and are formed and maneuvered as prescribed in the authorized drill regulations. The post commander in each case will detail an officer to attend the personage escorted, and to bear communications from him to the commander of the escort.

420. On the receipt at any post or camp of official notice of the death of the President of the United States, the commanding officer will, on the following day, cause a gun to be fired every half hour, beginning at sunrise and ending at sunset. When posts are in sight or within 6 miles of each other the firing will take place only at the post commanded by the senior officer.

421. The orders announcing the death of a Secretary of War, Assistant Secretary of War, or a general officer on the active or retired list, or other person entitled to a salute of cannon, will specify the number of guns to be fired at half-hour intervals, commencing at 8 o'clock a. m. on the day after the receipt of the order, and the posts at which they shall be fired. During the firing the flag will be displayed at half-staff. 422. When the funeral of an officer, who was entitled to a salute, takes place at or near a military post, minute guns will be fired while the remains are being borne to the place of interment, but the number of guns will not exceed that to which the officer was entitled as a salute. After the remains are deposited in the grave a salute corresponding to the rank of the deceased will be fired, in addition to three salvos of artillery or three volleys of musketry.

423. If the remains of a flag officer of the Navy or a general officer are brought ashore in the vicinity of a military post, the flag will be displayed at half-staff and minute guns will be fired as the procession moves. The number of guns will be that to which the officer was entitled as a salute.

424. During the funeral at or near a military post of a civil functionary, who was entitled to a salute, the flag is displayed at half-staff and minute guns are fired. The number of guns will be that to which the functionary was entitled as a salute.

425. On the death of an officer at a military post the flag is displayed at half-staff and so remains, between reveille and retreat, until the last salvo or volley is fired over the grave; or if the remains are not interred at the post, until they are removed therefrom.

426. During the funeral of an enlisted man at a military post the flag is displayed at half-staff. It is hoisted to the top after the final volley or gun is fired, or after the remains are taken from the post. The same honors are paid on the occasion of the funeral of a retired enlisted man.

427. All military posts in sight of each other display their flags at half-staff upon the occasion of one doing so. The same rule is observed toward all vessels of war. 428. When the flag is displayed at half-staff it is lowered to that position from the top of the staff. It is afterwards hoisted to the top before it is finally lowered.

429. The funeral escort of the Secretary of War or General of the Army will consist of a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and two batteries of field artillery; of the Assistant Secretary of War or the lieutenant-general, a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and a battery of field artillery; of a major-general, a regiment of infantry, two troops of cavalry, and a battery of field artillery; of a brigadier-general, a regiment of infantry, a troop of cavalry, and a platoon of field artillery; of a colonel, a regiment; a lieutenant-colonel or major, a battalion or squadron; a captain, one company; a subaltern, a platoon. The funeral escort of a general officer, or of any other officer either on the active or retired list, when the funeral occurs at any other place than a military post or camp, will be ordered by the War Department, and will be composed of such bodies of troops, not exceeding the number prescribed in this paragraph, as the interests of the service will permit. But in all cases where the funeral ceremonies take place at or in the immediate vicinity of a military post, or where the remains are conveyed through a military post en route to the place of burial, the above regulation relative to escort will be complied with, so far as the strength of the garrison will allow. The flag will be at half-staff while the remains are at or

5828-04- -5

66

FUNERAL HONORS-MOURNING CEREMONIES.

in the immediate vicinity of the post, and the department or post commander will give the necessary orders.

430. The funeral escort of an officer will be commanded by an officer of the same grade; if none such be present, by one of the next lower grade available. The ceremony is prescribed in the drill regulations.

431. The funeral escort of a noncommissioned staff officer will consist of sixteen men, commanded by a sergeant; of a sergeant, of fourteen men, commanded by a sergeant; of a corporal, of twelve men, commanded by a corporal; of a private, of eight men, commanded by a corporal.

432. The funeral escorts of officers of field artillery will be as follows: Colonel, twelve pieces; lieutenant-colonel and major, eight pieces; captain, four pieces; lieutenant, two pieces. The escort of an enlisted man will consist of one piece. Caissons need not accompany the pieces.

433. Six pallbearers will be selected, as far as practicable from the grade of the deceased.

434. Officers and enlisted men attending military funerals wear uniform and side arms and in the funeral procession follow the mourners in order of rank, seniors in front. The funeral of an officer is attended by such officers of the post or organization in the field as other duties will permit. The funeral of a noncommissioned officer is attended by the noncommissioned officers and privates of the regiment, or such part of it as may be present and can be spared from other duties; that of a private by the noncommissioned officers and privates of his company.

435. The badge of military mourning is a knot of black crape worn upon the sword hilt for a period not to exceed thirty days.

436. As family mourning, officers may wear a straight band of crape five inches wide around the left arm above the elbow.

437. The drums of a funeral escort will be covered with black crape or thin black serge, furnished by the quartermaster.

438. The colors of a regiment will not be placed in mourning or draped, except when ordered from the War Department. Two streamers of crape seven feet long and about twelve inches wide attached to the ferrule below the spearhead will be used for the purpose.

CEREMONIES.

439. All ceremonies will be conducted as prescribed in the authorized drill regulations.

440. There will be daily one parade, morning or evening, as the commanding officer may direct, which will not be dispensed with except on urgent occasions. All officers and men will be present unless specially excused or on duty incompatible with such attendance.

441. At every military post or station the flag will be hoisted at the sounding of the first note of the reveille, or of the first note of the march, if a march be played before the reveille. The flag will be lowered at the sounding of the last note of the retreat, and while the flag is being lowered the band will play "The Star Spangled Banner." The national flag shall be displayed at a seacoast or lake fort at the commencement of an action and during a battle in which the fort may be engaged, whether by day or at night.

442. Troops will be mustered for pay on the last day of each month unless otherwise ordered by the War Department. When the commanding officer can not muster all the troops he will designate other officers to assist.

443. Each stated muster will, when practicable, be preceded by a minute and careful inspection. If the command consists of more than one company, the inspection will be preceded by a review. If the day for muster falls on Sunday, such review and inspection will be omitted.

GUARDS-MAPS AND RECONNAISSANCES.

67

444. On Memorial Day, May 30, at all army posts and stations, the national flag will be displayed at half-staff from sunrise till midday, and immediately before noon the band, or field music, will play some appropriate air, and the national salute of twenty-one guns will be fired at 12 m. at all posts and stations provided with artillery. At the conclusion of this memorial tribute, at noon, the flag will be hoisted to the top of the staff and will remain there until sunset. When hoisted to the top of the staff, the flag will be saluted by playing one or more appropriate patriotic airs. In this way fitting testimonial of respect for the heroic dead and honor to their patriotic devotion will be appropriately rendered.

ARTICLE XLII.

GUARDS.

445. The authorized Manual of Guard Duty is the guide in all matters relating to duties of guards not contained in these regulations.

446. Articles of camp and garrison equipage needed for strictly post or police purposes-as flags, spades, shovels, axes, hatchets, pickaxes, and brooms-will be issued by the quartermaster on special requisition of the officer of the guard or officer of the day, approved by the post commander. These articles will be receipted for by the officer making the requisition and dropped from the quartermaster's returns; articles other than those herein enumerated will be continued on his returns.

447. Articles so obtained will be duly entered, by the officer who receives them, on the guard report under the heading "Articles in charge." They will be carried on the report and daily receipted for by the successive officers of the guard or day. When no longer fit for use, they will be submitted for inspection, and, if condemned, disposed of as ordered.

448. An officer who receipts for property so carried on the guard report is not required to render returns thereof. He is relieved from accountability for it by the receipt of his successor.

ARTICLE XLIII.

MAPS AND RECONNAISSANCES.

449. The commanding officer of every body of troops ordered to march will select a competent person, preferably a commissioned officer, to whom he will intrust the special duty of making the field notes and sketches and keeping the journals hereinafter mentioned for the préparation of a map of the route traversed. The person so selected will be relieved of so much of his routine duties as will enable him to perform this duty. Daily or more frequently the commanding officer will inspect and verify the notes and journal.

450. Journals of marches will be kept in notebooks, and route reconnaissances will be recorded on blanks. The books and blanks will be furnished by the Engineer Department. If they can not be obtained, they will be prepared according to standard forms as nearly as practicable.

451. Notebooks will be freely used, and to guard against loss of valuable data copies will be made, verified, and retained, and the originals forwarded to department headquarters at every convenient opportunity. Whenever a sufficient halt is made, a map of the route up to that point, together with a report thereon, will be transmitted in the same manner. These notes will not be omitted when passing over known routes.

452. General instructions for the use and preservation of instruments, the character of the observations to be specially made, and the methods of recording them will be found in printed notes in the book and on the form which the Engineer Department supplies.

453. Requisitions will be made upon the Engineer Department for the necessary instruments, notebooks, and reconnaissance blanks.

68

MILITARY EDUCATION-THE MILITIA.

ARTICLE XLIV.

MILITARY EDUCATION.

454. The military educational system of the United States comprises:

1. The Military Academy at West Point for the education of cadets.

2. Post schools for the instruction of enlisted men.

3. At each military post a garrison school for the instruction of officers in subjects pertaining to the performance of their ordinary duties.

4. Special service schools

(a) The Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Va.

(b) The Engineer School, Washington Barracks, D. C.

(c) The School of Submarine Defense, Fort Totten, N. Y.

(d) The School of Application for Cavalry and Field Artillery, Fort Riley,

Kans.

(e) The Army Medical School, Washington, D. C.

(f) The Signal School, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

(g) The Infantry and Cavalry School, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

5. The Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

6. The Army War College, Washington, D. C.

The foregoing are governed by regulations issued by the War Department.

7. The military department of civil institutions at which officers of the Army are detailed under the provisions of law; regulations governing the courses of military instruction and the detail of officers at these institutions are issued in orders from the War Department.

ARTICLE XLV.

THE MILITIA.

455. The following provisions of the Constitution and laws govern the calling of the militia into the service of the United States:

The constitutional provisions are

The Congress shall have power * * *to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. (Art. I, sec. 8, pars. 15-16.)

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature can not be convened) against domestic violence. (Art. 4, sec. 4.) In pursuance of the foregoing delegations of authority Congress has enacted—

[Revised Statutes.]

SEC. 5288. It shall be lawful for the President, or such person as he shall empower for that purpose, to employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall be necessary to compel any foreign vessel to depart the United States in all cases in which, by the laws of nations or the treaties of the United States, she ought not to remain within the United States.

INSURRECTIONS.

SEC. 5297. In case of an insurrection in any State against the government thereof it shall be lawful for the President, on application of the legislature of such State, or of the executive when the legislature can not be convened, to call forth such number of the militia of any other State or States which may be applied for as he deems sufficient to suppress such insurrection, or, on like application, to employ for the same purposes such part of the land or naval forces of the United States as he deems necessary.