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LOOKING SOUTH FROM THE EAST WALL, UPPER GATUN LOCK, MARCH 1, 1910.

feet long, having its crest about 15 feet above the water in Miraflores Lake. The east dam will be of concrete, about 500 feet long, and will form a spillway for Miraflores Lake, with crest gates similar to those at the spillway of the Gatun Dam.

Gatun Lake will cover an area of 164 square miles with a depth in the ship channel varying from 85 to 45 feet. Throughout the first 16 miles from Gatun, the width of the channel will be 1,000 feet; then for 4 miles, it will be 800 feet, and for 4 miles more 500 feet, when the entrance to the Culebra Cut, at Bas Obispo, will be reached. The water level in the Cut will be that of the Lake, and the bottom width of the channel will be 300 feet.

The territory through which the Canal runs is called the Canal Zone. It contains about 448 square miles. It begins at a point three marine miles from mean low water mark in each ocean, and extends for five miles on each side of the centre line of the route of the Canal. It includes the group of islands in the Bay of Panama named Perico, Naos, Culebra, and Flamenco. The cities of Panama and Colon are excluded from the Canal Zone, but the United States has the right to enforce sanitary ordi

nances in those cities, and to maintain public order in them in case the Republic of Panama should not be able, in the judgment of the United States, to do so.

There will be 12 locks in the Canal, all in duplicate; three pairs in flight at Gatun, with a combined lift of 85 feet; one pair at Pedro Miguel, with a lift of 301/3 feet, and two pairs at Miraflores, with a combined lift of 54 2-3 feet at mean tide. The dimensions of all are the same a usable length of 1,000 feet, and a usable width of 110 feet. Each lock will be a chamber, with walls and floor of concrete, and watertight gates at each end.

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The side walls will be 45 to 50 feet wide at the surface of the floor; will be perpendicular on the face, and will narrow from a point 24 1-3 feet from the floor until they are 8 feet wide at the top. The middle wall will be 60 feet wide, approximately 81 feet high, and each face will be vertical. At a point 42 1-3 feet above the surface of the floor, and 15 feet above the top of the middle culvert, this wall will divide into two parts, leaving a space down the centre much like the letter U, which will be 19 feet wide at the bottom. In this centre space, which will be 44 feet wide at the top, will be a tunnel divided

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LOOKING SOUTH FROM PEDRO MIGUEL LOCK SITE, SHOWING CONSTRUCTION OF THE LOWER

MIDDLE APPROACH WALL, JAN. 5, 1910.

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