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And whereas the President of the United | free institutions, and exhaustive of the national States, on the eighth day of December, anno resources, and ought not, therefore, to be sancDomini 1863, and on the twenty-sixth day of tioned or allowed, except in cases of actual necesMarch, anno Domini 1864, did, with the objects sity for repelling invasion, or suppressing insurof suppressing the then existing rebellion, of rection or rebellion; inducing all persons to return to their loyalty, and of restoring the authority of the United States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and pardon to all persons who had directly or indirectly participated in the then existing rebellion, except as in those proclamations was specified and reserved;

And whereas the President of the United States did, on the twenty-ninth day of May, anno Domini 1865, issue a further proclamation with the same objects before mentioned, and to the end that the authority of the Government of the United States might be restored, and that peace, order, and freedom might be established, and the President did, by the said lastmentioned proclamation, proclaim and declare that he thereby granted to all persons who had directly or indirectly participated in the then existing rebellion, except as therein excepted, amnesty and pardon, with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and except in certain cases where legal proceedings had been instituted, but upon condition that such persons should take and subscribe an oath therein prescribed, which oath should be registered for permanent preservation;

And whereas, in and by the said last-mentioned proclamation of the twenty-ninth day of May, anno Domini 1865, fourteen extensive classes of persons, therein specially described, were altogether excepted and excluded from the benefits thereof;

And whereas the President of the United States did, on the second day of April, anno Domini 1866, issue a proclamation declaring that the insurrection was at an end, and was thenceforth to be so regarded;

And whereas there now exists no organized armed resistance of misguided citizens or others to the authority of the United States in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Florida, and Texas, and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein by the proper civil authority, State or Federal, and the people of said States are well and loyally disposed, and have conformed, or, if permitted to do so, will conform in their legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of the amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibiting slavery within the limits and jurisdiction of the United States;

And whereas there no longer exists any reasonable ground to apprehend, within the States which were involved in the late rebellion, any renewal thereof, or any unlawful resistance by the people of said States to the Constitution and laws of the United States;

And whereas large standing armies, military Occupation, martial law, military tribunals, and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus and the right of trial by jury, are, in time of peace, dangerous to public liberty, incompatible with the individual rights of the citizen, contrary to the genius and spirit of our

And whereas a retaliatory or vindictive policy, attended by unnecessary disqualifications, pains, penalties, confiscations, and disfranchisements, now, as always, could only tend to hinder reconciliation among the people and national restoration, while it must seriously embarrass, obstruct, and repress popular energies and national industry and enterprise;

And whereas, for these reasons, it is now deemed essential to the public welfare, and to the more perfect restoration of constitutional law and order, that the said last-mentioned proclamation, so as aforesaid issued on the 29th day of May, A. D. 1865, should be modified, and that the full and beneficent pardon conceded thereby should be opened and further extended to a large number of the persons who, by its aforesaid exceptions, have been hitherto excluded from executive clemency:

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby proclaim and declare that the full pardon described in the said proclamation of the 29th day of May, A. D. 1865, shall henceforth be opened and extended to all persons who, directly or indirectly, participated in the late rebellion, with the restoration of all privileges, immunities, and rights of property, except as to property with regard to slaves, and except in cases of legal proceedings under the laws of the United States; but upon this condition, nevertheless: that every such person who shall seek to avail himself of this proclamation shall take and subscribe the following oath, and shall cause the same to be registered for permanent preservation, in the same manner and with the same effect as with the oath prescribed in the said proclamation of the 29th day of May, 1865, namely:

"I, do solemnly swear, (or affirm,) in presence support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully United States, and the Union of the States thereunder; and that I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully made during the late rebellion with reference to the support all laws and proclamations which have been emancipation of slaves: So help me God."

The following persons, and no others, are excluded from the benefits of this proclamation, and of the said proclamation of the twenty-nintb day of May, 1865, namely:

First. The chief or pretended chief executive officers, including the President, Vice President, and all heads of departments of the pretended Confederate or rebel Government, and all who were agents thereof in foreign States and countries, and all who held, or pretended to hold, in the service of the said pretended Confederate Government, a military rank or title above the grade of brigadier general, or naval rank or title above that of captain, and all who were or pretended to be Governors of States, while maintaining, aiding, abetting, or submitting to and acquiescing in the rebellion.

Second. All persons who in any way treated otherwise than as lawful prisoners of war persons who in any capacity were employed or en

gaged in the military or naval service of the United States.

of the press, and suspension of the privilege of habeas corpus, and the right of trial by juryThird. All persons who, at the time they may such encroachments upon our free institutions seek to obtain the benefits of this proclamation, in times of peace being dangerous to public are actually in civil, military, or naval confine-liberty, incompatible with the individual_rights ment or custody, or legally held to bail, either of the citizen, contrary to the genius and spirit before or after conviction, and all persons who of our republican form of government, and exwere engaged directly or indirectly in the assas-haustive of the national resources; sination of the late President of the United And whereas it is believed that amnesty and States, or in any plot or conspiracy in any man: ner therewith connected.

In testimony whereof, I have signed these presents with my hand, and have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Done at the city of Washington, the seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and [SEAL.] sixty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the ninety-second.

By the President:

ANDREW JOHNSON.

WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.

Of General Amnesty, July 4, 1868. Whereas in the month of July, A. D. 1861, in accepting the condition of civil war, which was brought about by insurrection and rebellion in several of the States which constitute the United States, the two houses of Congress did solemnly declare that the war was not waged on the part of the Government in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, nor for any purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of the States, but only to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution of the United States, and to preserve the Union with all the dignity, equality, and rights of the several States unimpaired; and that so soon as these objects should be acaccomplished, the war on the part of the Government should cease;

And whereas the President of the United States has heretofore, in the spirit of that declaration, and with the view of securing for it ultimate and complete effect, set forth several proclamations, offering amnesty and pardon to persons who had been or were concerned in the aforesaid rebellion, which proclamations, however, were attended with prudential reservations and exceptions, then deemed necessary and proper, and which proclamations were respectively issued on the 8th day of December, 1863, on the 26th day of March, 1864, on the 29th day of May, 1865, and on the 7th day of September, 1867;

And whereas the said lamentable civil war has long since altogether ceased, with an acknowledged guarantee to all the States of the supremacy of the Federal Constitution and the Government thereunder; and there no longer exists any reasonable ground to apprehend a renewal of the said civil war, or any foreign interference, or any unlawful resistance by any portion of the people of any of the States to the Constitution and laws of the United States; And whereas it is desirable to reduce the standing army, and to bring to a speedy termination military occupation, martial law, military tribunals, abridgement of freedom of speech and

pardon will tend to secure a complete and universal establishment and prevalence of municipal law and order, in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, and to remove all appearances or presumptions of a retaliatory or vindictive policy on the part of the Government attended by unnecessary disqualifications, pairs, penalties, confiscations, and disfranchisements; and, on the contrary, to promote and procure complete fraternal reconciliation among the whole people, with due submission to the Constitution and laws:

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do, by virtue of the Constitution and in the name of the people of the United States, hereby proclaim and declare, unconditionally and without reservation, to all and to every person who directly or indirectly participated in the late insurrection or rebellion, excepting such person or persons as may be under presentment or indictment in any court of the United States having competent jurisdiction upon a charge of treason or other felony, a full pardon and amnesty for the offence of treason against the United States, or of adhering to their enemies during the late civil war, with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and except also as to any property of which any person may have been legally divested under the laws of the United States.

In testimony wherof I have signed these presents with my hand, and have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Done at the city of Washington, the fourth

day of July, in the year of our Lord one [SEAL.] thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the ninety-third. ANDREW JOHNSON.

By the President:

WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Sec'y of State.

Order Respecting the Transaction of Public Business, December 17, 1867.

It is desired and advised that all communications in writing intended for the executive department of the Government, and relating to public business, of whatever kind, including suggestions for legislation, claims, contracts, employment, appointments and removals from office, and pardons, be transmitted directly, in the first instance, to the head of the department to which the care of the subject-matter of the communication properly belongs. This regulation has become necessary for the more convenient, punctual, and regular despatch of the public business.

By order of the President:

WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Sec'y of State.
WASHINGTON, December 17, 1867.

Correcting an Error of Date in previous Procla

mation,* October 7, 1867.

[General Orders No. 81.]

HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, August 27, 1867. I. The following orders have been received from the President:

(For these orders see page 308.)

Whereas it has been ascertained that in the nineteenth paragraph of the proclamation of the President of the United States, of the 20th of August, 1866, declaring the insurrection at an end which had theretofore existed in the State of Texas, the previous proclamation of the 13th of June, 1865, instead of that of the 2d of April, 1866, was referred to. Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare and proclaim, that the said words "thirteenth of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five" are to be regarded as erroneous in the paragraph adverted to, and that the words "second day of April, one thous-partment of the Missouri. and eight hundred and sixty-six are to be

considered as substituted therefor.

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In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington, this 7th day of October, in the year of our Lord 1867, [SEAL.] and of the Independence of the United States of America, the ninety-second. ANDREW JOHNSON.

By the President:

WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Sec'y of State.

Orders Referring to Reconstruction.†

[General Orders No. 77.]

HEADQ'RS OF ARMY, ADJ'T GEN'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, August 19, 1867. 1. The following orders have been received from the President:

II. In compliance with the foregoing instructions of the President of the United States, Major General P. H. Sheridan will, on receipt of this order, turn over his present command to Brevet Major General Charles Griffin, the officer next in rank to himself, and proceed, without delay, to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and will relieve Major General Hancock in command of the de

III. On being relieved by Major General Sheridan, Major General Hancock will proceed, without delay, to New Orleans, Louisiana, and assume command of the fifth military district, and of the department composed of the States of Louisiana and Texas.

IV. Major General George H. Thomas will continue in command of the department of the Cumberland.

By command of General Grant.

E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant General.

HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,

ADJUTANT GENERAL' OFFICE,
WASHINGTON, August 27, 1867.

I. The following orders have been received from the President:

EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASHINGTON, D. C., August 26, 1867. Brevet Major General Edward R. S. Canby is hereby

(For these orders see page 306.) II. In pursuance of the foregoing order of the assigned to the command of the second military district, created by the act of Congress of March 2, 1867, President of the United States, Major General and of the military department of the South, embrac G. H. Thomas will, on receipt of the order, turning the States of North Carolina and South Carolina. He over his present command to the officer next in will, as soon as practicable, relieve Major General Daniel rank to himself, and proceed to New Orleans, he is hereby assigned, will, when necessary to a faithE. Sickles, and, on assuming the command to which Louisiana, to relieve Major General P. H. Sher-ful execution of the laws, exercise any and all powers idan of the command of the fifth military dis

trict.

III. Major General P. H. Sheridan, on being relieved from the command of the fifth military district by Major General G. H. Thomas, will proceed to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and will relieve Major General W. S. Hancock in the command of the department of the Missouri.

IV. Major General W. S. Hancock, on being relieved from the command of the department of the Missouri by Major General Sheridan, will proceed to Louisville, Kentucky, and will assume command of the department of the Cumberland.

V. Major General G. H. Thomas will continue to execute all orders he may find in force in the fifth military district at the time of his assuming command of it, unless authorized by the General of the army to annul, alter, or modify them.

VI. Major General Sheridan, before relieving Major General Hancock, will report in person at these headquarters.

By command of General Grant.

E. D. TOWNSEND, A. 4. G.

See page 70 of the Manual for 1867, or page 196 of the combined Manual for the proclamation referred to, For previous order see page 73 of Political Manual of 1867, or page 199 of the combined Manual.

conferred by acts of Congress upon district command

ers, and any and all authority pertaining to officers in command of military departments.

Major General Daniel E. Sickles is hereby relieved from the command of the second military district. The Secretary of War ad interim will give the necessary instructions to carry this order into effect. ANDREW JOHNSON.

II. In pursuance of the foregoing order of the President of the United States, Brevet Major General Canby will, on receipt of the order, turn over his present command to the officer next in rank to himself, and proceed to Charleston, South Carolina, to relieve Major General Sickles of the command of the second military district.

III. Major General Sickles, on being relieved, will repair to New York city, and report by letter to the Adjutant General.

By command of General Grant.

E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant General.

HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE,
WASHINGTON, December 28, 1867.
[General Orders, No. 104.]

By direction of the President of the United States the following orders are made:

I. Brevet Major General E. O. C. Ord will turn over the command of the fourth military dis

trict to Brevet Major General A. C. Gillem, and proceed to San Francisco, California, to take command of the department of California.

II. On being relieved by Brevet Major General Ord, Brevet Major General Irvin McDowell will proceed to Vicksburg, Mississippi, and relieve General Gillem in command of the fourth military district.

III. Brevet Major General John Pope is hereby relieved of the command of the third military district, and will report, without delay, at the headquarters of the army for further orders, turning over his command to the next senior officer until the arrival of his successor.

IV. Major General George G. Meade is assigned to the command of the third military district, and will assume it without delay. The department of the East will be commanded by the senior officer now on duty in it until a commander is named by the President.

V. The officers assigned in the foregoing order to command of military districts will exercise therein any and all powers conferred by act of Congress upon district commanders, and also any and all powers pertaining to military department commanders.

VI. Brevet Major General Wager Swayne, colonel 45th United States infantry, is hereby relieved from duty in the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, aud Abandoned Lands, and will proceed to Nashville, Tennessee, and assume command of his regiment.

By command of General Grant.

E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General.

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February 13-The President nominated Lieut. General Sherman for the brevet rank of general, for distinguished gallantry, skill, and ability during the war of the rebellion, to which he responded, as follows:

Hon. JOHN SHERMAN.
ST. LOUIS, February 14, 1868.

Oppose confirmation of myself as brevet general, on ground that it is unprecedented and that it is better not to extend the system of brevets above major generals. If I can't avoid coming to Washington, I may have to resign. W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant General. General Sherman from this order. February 19-The President relieved Lieut.

February 21-The President nominated Major General George H. Thomas as brevet lieutenant general and brevet general, with supposed reference to this command; whereupon General Thomas declined in these terms:

LOUISVILLE, February 22, 1868. Hon. B. F. WADE, President of the Senate.

The morning papers of Louisville announced officially that my name was yesterday sent to

the Senate for confirmation as brevet lieuten

ant general and brevet general. For the battle of Nashville I was appo nted major general United States army. My services since the war do not merit so high a compliment, and it is now too late to be regarded as a compliment if conearnestly request that the Senate will not confirm ferred for services during the war. I, therefore,

the nomination.

GEO. H. THOMAS, Major General

March 28-Major General Hancock was assigned as follows:

[General Orders No. 17.] HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, March 28, 1868. By direction of the President of the United States, Major General W. S. Hancock is relieved from command of the fifth military district and assigned to command of the military division of the Atlantic, created by General Orders No. 10, of February 12, 1868. By command of General Grant. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General.

MEMBERS OF THE CABINET OF PRESIDENT JOHNSON,

AND OF THE FORTIETH CONGRESS.

PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S CABINET.

Secretary of State-WILLIAM H. SEWARD, of

New York.

Secretary of the Treasury-HUGH MCCULLOCH,

of Indiana.

Secretary of War-JOHN M. SCHOFIELD, of New York, from June 1, 1868, vice EDWIN M. STANTON, of Ohio, who was suspended by the President, August 12, 1867, when General ULYSSES S. GRANT was appointed Secretary of War ad interim, and served from that date to January 14, 1868, at which time he vacated

the office, and Mr. STANTON resumed the functions thereof, the Senate having on the previous evening voted a non-concurrence in the said suspension. Mr. STANTON remained in the office till May 26, when he "relinquished charge."

Secretary of the Navy-GIDEON WELLES, of Con

necticut.

Postmaster General—ALEXANDER W. RANDALL,

of Wisconsin.

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bett.

Kansas-Edmund G. Ross, Samuel C. Pomeroy. West Virginia-Peter G. Van Winkle, Waitman T. Willey.

Nevada-William M. Stewart, James W. Nye. Nebraska-Thomas W. Tipton, John M. Thayer.

House of Representatives.

SCHUYLER COLFAX, of Indiana, Speaker.
Edward McPherson, of Pennsylvania, Clerk.
Maine-John Lynch, Sidney Perham, James
G. Blaine, John A. Peters, Frederick A. Pike.
New Hampshire-Jacob H. Ela, Aaron F. Ste-
vens, Jacob Benton.

Vermont-Frederick E. Woodbridge, Luke P.
Poland, Worthington C. Smith.
Massachusetts-Thomas D. Eliot, Oakes Ames,
Ginery Twichell, Samuel Hooper, Benjamin
F. Butler, Nathaniel P. Banks, George S.
Boutwell, John D. Baldwin, William B. Wash-
burn, Henry L. Dawes.

Rhode Island—Thomas A. Jenckes, Nathan F.

Dixon.

Connecticut-Richard D. Hubbard, Julius Hotchkiss, Henry H. Starkweather, William H. Barnum.

New York-Stephen Taber, Demas Barnes, William E. Robinson, John Fox, John Morrissey, Thomas E. Stewart, John W. Chanler, James Brooks, Fernando Wood, William H. Robertson, Charles H. Van Wyck, John H. Ketcham, Thomas Cornell, John V. L. Pruyn, John A. Griswold, Orange Ferriss, Calvin T. Hulburd,

*Qualified March 9, 1868, in place of Philip Francis Thomas, who was denied admission, February 19, 1868

Pennsylvania-Charles R. Buckalew, Simon-yeas 21, nays 28.
Cameron.

*

Delaware-James A. Bayard, Willard Sauls

bury.

Qualified February 28, 1868, in place of James Guthrie, resigned February 10, 1868.

Qualified June 23, 1868.

Qualified July 3, 1867.

Messrs. Hotchkiss and Starkweather qualified Qualified April 11, 1867, at special session, in place July 3, 1867; Messrs. Barnum and Hubbard, July 11, of George Read Riddle, deceased.

1867.

87

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