2. Abbott, D C, R B Harrison, J O'G Tatton, J Thomson, Organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere, Nature 211, 259-61 (1966) 4. Acree, F, M Beroza, M ( Bowman, Codistillation of DDT with water, J Agr Food Chem 11, 278-80 (1963) 7. Ames, P L, DDT residues in the eggs of the Osprey in the North-eastern United States and their relation to nesting success, J Appl Ecol 3 (Suppl). 87-97 (1966) 8. Anderson, R B, W H Everhart, Concentrations of DDT in land-locked salmon (Salmo Salar) at Sabago Lake, Maine, Trans Am Fish Soc 95, 160-4 (1966) 9. Antomaria, P, M Corn. L DeMaio. Airborne particulates in Pittsburgh : Association with p,p'-DDT, Science 150, 1476-7 (1965) 17. Bitman, J. H C Cecil, S J Harris, G F Fries, Estrogenic activity of o.p'-DDT in the mammalian uterus and avian oviduct, Science 162, 371-2 (1968) 20. Bowman, M C, F Acree, M K Corbett, Solubility of carbon-14 DDT in water, J Agr Food Chem 8, 406-8 (1960) 21. Bowman. M C, M S Schechter, R L Carter, Behavior of chlorinated insecticides in a broad spectrum of soil types, J Agr Food Chem 13, 360–5 (1965) 22. Bowman, M C, F Acree, CS Lofgren, M Beroza, Chlorinated insecticides: Fate in aqueous suspensions containing mosquito larvae, Science 146, 1480-1 (1964) 28. Burdick. G E, et al. The accumulation of DDT in lake trout and the effect on reproduction, Trans Am Fish Soc 93, 127–36 (1964) 37. Chant, D A. Integrated control systems, Nat Acad Sci Nat Res Council Publ 1402, 193-218 (1966) 41. Cole, H, D Barry, D E H Frear. A Bradford, DDT levels in fish, streams, stream sediments, and soil before and after DDT aerial spray application for fall cankerworm in Northern Pennsylvania, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2. 127-46 (1967) 42. Conney, A H, Pharmacological implications of microsomal enzyme induction, Pharmacol Rev 19, 317-66 (1967) 46. Crouter, RA, E H Vernon, Effects of black-headed budworm control on salmon and trout in British Columbia, Canadian Fish Culturist 24, 1-18 (1959) 47. Currier, J P. J A Keith, E Stone, Problems with DDT in fish culture operations. Naturaliste Can 94, 315-20 (1967) 49. Dale, W E. T. B. Gaines, W J Hayes, G W Pearce, Poisoning by DDT: Relation between clinical signs and concentration in rat brain, Science 142, 1474-6 (1963) 50. Dale, W E, G E Quinby, Chlorinated insecticides in the body fat of people in the United States. Science 142, 593–5 (1963) 60. Edwards, C A. Insecticide residues in soils, Residue Reviews 13, 83 (1966) 62. Elson, P F, Effects on wild young salmon of spraying DDT over New Brunswick forests, J Fish Res Bd Canada 24, 731-67 (1967) 65. Fleming, W E, Biological control of the Japanese beetle, Technical Bull No. 1383, US Dept Agr 71. George, JL, DEH Frear, Pesticides in the Antarctic, J Appl Ecol 3 (Suppl), 155-67 (1966) 77. Grosh, D S, Poisoning with DDT: Effect on reproductive performance of Artemia, Science 155, 592-3 (1967) 86. Herman. S G. R L Garrett, R L Rudd, Pesticides and the western grebe. First Rochester Conf Toxicity, Univ of Rochester 4-6 June 1968 87. Hickey, J J (Ed), Peregrine falcon populations: their biology and decline, Univ of Wisconsin Press, Madison (1969) 88. Hickey, J J, D W Anderson, Chlorinated hydrocarbons and eggshell changes in raptorial and fish-eating birds, Science 162, 271–3 (1968) 89. Hickey, J J, L B Hunt, Initial songbird mortality following a Dutch elm disease control program, J Wildlife Management 24, 259–65 (1960) 90. Hickey, J J, J A Keith, F B Coon, An exploration of pesticides in a Lake Michigan ecosystem. J Appl Ecol 3 (Suppl), 141-54 (1966) 100. Ide, F P, Effects of forest spraying with DDT on aquatic insects of salmon streams in New Brunswick, J Fish Res Bd Canad 24. 769-805 (1967) 105. Keith, J A, Reproduction in a population of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) contaminated with DDT, J Appl Ecol 3 (Suppl), 57-70 (1966) 106. Keith, J O, E G Hunt, Levels of insecticide residues in fish and wildlife in California, Trans 31st North American Wild Natural Resources Conf, 150-77 (March 1966) 112. Kupfer, D, Effects of some pesticides and related compounds on steroid function and metabolism, Residue Rev. 19, 11-30 (1967) 117. Lowe, J I, Chronic exposure of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, to sublethal concentrations of DDT, Ecology 46, 889-900 (1965) 131. Moore, N W, J O'G Tatton, Organochlorine insecticide residues in the eggs of sea birds, Nature 207, 42–3 (1965) 137. Nash, R G, E A Woolson, Persistence of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soils, Science 157, 924-7 (1967) 139. O'Brien, R D, Insecticides, Action and Metabolism, Academic Press, N Y (1967) 145. Peakall, D B, Pesticide-induced enzyme breakdown of steroids in birds, Nature 216, 505–6 (1967) 148. Quinby, G E, J F Armstrong, W F Durham, DDT in human milk, Nature 207, 726-8 (1965) 149. Quinby, G E, W J Hayes, J F Armstrong, W F Durham, DDT storage in the US Population, J Amer Med Assoc 191, 175-9 (1965) 150. Ratcliffe, D A, Decrease in eggshell weight in certain birds of prey, Nature 215, 208-10 (1967) 154. Ratcliffe, D A, The peregrine situation in Great Britain 1965-66, Bird Study 14, 238-46 (1967) 155. Risebrough, R W, D B Menzel, D J Martin, H S Olcott, DDT residues in Pacific Sea birds: a persistent insecticide in marine food chains, Nature 216, 589-91 (1967) 156. Risebrough, R W, Chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine ecosystem, First Rochester Conf Toxicity, Univ of Rochester, 4–6 June 1968 157. Risebrough, R W, R J Huggett, J J Griffin, E D Goldberg, Pesticides: transAtlantic movements in the northeast trades, Science 159, 1233-6 (1968) 161. Robinson, J A Richardson, A N Crabtree, J C Coulson, G R Potts, Organochlorine residues in marine organisms, Nature 214, 1307-11 (1967) 168. Sanders, H O, O B Cope, Toxicities of several pesticides to two species of Cladocerans, Trans Amer Fish Soc 95, 165-9 (1966) 174. Sladen, W J L, C M Menzie, W L Reichel, DDT residues in Adelie penguins and a crabeater seal from Antarctica: Ecological implications, Nature 210, 670-3 (1966) 181. Tarrant, K B, J O'G Tatton, Organochlorine pesticides in rainwater in the British Isles, Nature 219, 725–7 (1968) 182. Tatton, J O'G, J H A Ruzicka, Organochlorine pesticides in Antarctica, nature 215, 346-8 (1967) 191. Wallace, G J, Insecticides and birds, Audubon Mag 61, 10-12 (1959) 198. Warner, K, O C Fenderson, Effects of DDT spraying for forest insects in Maine trout streams, J Wildlife Management 26, 86-93 (1962) 201. Weaver, C G Gunnerson, A W Breidenbach, J J Lichtenberg, Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in major U S river basins, Publ Health Rpts 80, 481-93 (1965) 205. Wheatley, G A, J A Hardman, Indications of the presence of organochlorine insecticides in rainwater in central England, Nature 207, 486–7 (1965) 207. Woodwell, G M, Persistence of DDT in a forest soil, Forest Sci 7, 194–6 (1961) 208. Woodwell G M, Toxic substances and ecological cycles, Scientific American 216, 24-31 (1967) 209. Woodwell, G M, C F Wurster, P A Isaacson, DDT residues in an East Coast estuary: A case of biological concentration of a persistent insecticide, Science 156, 821-4 (1967) 211. Wurster, C F, Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and avian reproduction: how are they related? First Rochester Conf Toxicity, Univ of Rochester, 4-6 June 1968 213. Wurster, D H, C F Wurster, W N Strickland, Bird mortality following DDT spray for Dutch elm disease, Ecology 46, 488-99 (1965) 214. Wurster, C F, D B Wingate, DDT residues and declining reproduction in the Bermuda petrel, Science 159, 979–1 (1968) 215. Wurster, C F, DDT reduces photosynthesis by marine phytoplankton, Science 159, 1474-5 (1968) BIBLIOGRAPHY SUPPLEMENT 217. Anderson, J, M Peterson, DDT: Sublethal effects on brook trout nervous system, Science 164, 440-1 (1969) 218. Bitman, J, H Cecil, S Harris, G Fries, DDT induces a decrease in eggshell calcium, Nature 224, 44-6 (1969) 220. Cade, T J, C M White, J R Haugh, Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska, Condor 70, 170-78 (1968) 221. Curley, A, R Kimbrough, Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in plasma and milk of pregnant and lactating women, Arch Environ Health 18, 156–64 (1969) 223. Deichmann, W B, J L Radomski, Retention of pesticides in human adipose tissue-preliminary report, Ind Med Surgery 37, 218-9 (1968) 224. Duffy, J R, D O'Connell, DDT residues and metabolites in Canadian Atlantic coast fish, J Fish Res Bd Canada 25, 189-95 (1968) 225. Enderson, J H, D D Berger, Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in peregrines and their prey species from northern Canada, Condor 70, 149-53 (1968) 226. Fitzhugh, O. G, A Nelson, The chronic oral toxicity of DDT [2, 2-bis (pchlorophenyl) 1,1,1-trichloroethanel, J Pharmacol Exp therap 89, 18-30 (1947) 229. Gillett, J W, "No effect" level of DDT in induction of microsomal epoxidation, J Agr Food Chem 16, 295–7 (1968) 231. Halver, J, Crystalline aflatoxin and other vectors for trout hepatoma, Bur Sport Wild Res Rept 70, 78-102 (1967) 232. Heath, R G, J Spann, J F Kreitzer, Marked DDE impairment of Mallard reproduction in controlled studies, Nature 224, 47-8 (1969) 233. Hickey,J J, DDT and birds: Wisconsin, 1968, Atlantic Naturalist 24, 86-92 (1969) 235. Hopkins, C L, S Solly, A R Ritchie, DDT in trout and its possible effect on reproductive failures, New Zealand J Marine Freshwater Res 3, 220-9 (1969) 236. Hunt, L B, R J Sacho, Response of robins to DDT and methoxychlor, J Wildlife Management 33, 336-45 (1969) 238. Innes, JR M, et al, Bioassay of pesticides and industrial chemicals for tumorigenicity in mice: A preliminary study, J Natl Cancer Inst 42, 1101-14 (1969) 241. Jenson, S., et al, DDT and PCB in marine animals from Swedish waters, Nature 244, 247-50 (1969) 244. Macek, K J, Reproduction in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fed sublethal concentrations of DDT, J Fish Res Bd Canada 25, 1787-96 (1968) 245. Macek, K J, Growth and resistance to stress in brook trout fed sublethal levels of DDT, J Fish Res Bd Canada 25, 2443-51 (1968) 251. Miller, H C, S B Silverborg, R J Campana, Dutch elm disease: Relation of spread and intensification to control by sanitation in Syracuse, New York, Plant Disease Reporter 53, 551-5 (1969) 252. Modin, J C, Residues in fish, wildlife and estuaries, Pesticides Monitoring Journal 3, 1–7 (1969) 253. Odum, W E, G M Woodwell, C F Wurster, DDT residues absorbed from organic detritus by fiddler crabs, Science 164, 576–7 (1969) 256. Porter, R D, S N Wiemeyer, Dieldrin and DDT: Effects on sparrow hawk eggshells and reproduction, Science 165, 199–200 (1969) 258. Radomski, J, W B Deichmann, E E Clizer, Ed Cosmet Toxicol 6, 209-20 (1968), Pesticide concentrations in the liver, brain, and adipose tissue of terminal hospital patients. 260. Risebrough, R W, et al, Polychlorinated biphenyls in the global ecosystem, Nature 220, 1098-1102 (1968) 262. Tarjan, R, T Kemeny, Multigeneration studies on DDT in mice, Fd Cosmet Toxicol 7, 215-22 (1969) 264. Welch, R M, W Levin, A H Conney, Estrogenic action of DDT and its analogs, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 14, 358-67 (1969) 267. Wurster, C F, DDT goes to trial in Madison, Bioscience 19, 809-13 (1969) 268. Wurster, C F, Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and the world ecosystem, Biol Cons 1, 123–9 (1969) APPENDIX B SECRETARY'S COMMISSION ON PESTICIDES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PART I-RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARIES NOVEMBER 11, 1969. Hon. ROBERT H. FINCH, Secretary, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Attached are the unanimous recommendations of your Commission on Pesticides and Their Relationship to Environmental Health. As you know, the reports of the Commission, eight in all, are in the process of publication as you have directed. These recommendations are arranged in an action priority order as seen by the Commission; however, this order has no significance as to their relative importance. In my own view the recommendations support the following principles: 1. Chemicals, including pesticides used to increase food production, are of such importance in modern life that we must learn to live with them; 2. In looking at their relative merits and hazards we must make individual judgments upon the value of each chemical, including the alternatives presented by the non-use of these chemicals. We must continue to accumulate scientific data about the effects of these chemicals on the total ecology; and 3. The final decision regarding the usage of these chemicals must be made by those governmental agencies with the statutory responsibilities for the public health, and for pesticide registration. On behalf of the Commission and all of the staff assigned to help the Commis. sion, I want to express our thanks for the support you have given us in carrying out this task. We hope that our efforts will be helpful to you in carrying out your awesome responsibilities. Sincerely yours, EMIL M. MRAK, Chairman, Secretary's Commission on Pesticides and Enclosures. COMMISSION MEMBERS Dr. Emil M. Mrak, chairman, Chancellor Emeritus, University of California at Davis Dr. William J. Darby, cochairman, Chairman, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Dr. Edwin F. Alder, Vice President, Agricultural Research and Development, Eli Lilly and Company Dr. Lamont C. Cole, Professor and Chairman, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Cornell University Dr. Eugene Cronin, Director and Research Professor, Natural Resources Institute and Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Dr. Leon Golberg, Scientific Director, Research Professor of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Pathology and Toxicology, Albany Medical College Dr. Gordon Guyer, Chairman, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University Professor Morton S. Hilbert, Department of Environmental Health, University of Michigan Dr. Julius E. Johnson, Director of Research, Dow Chemical Company Mrs. Virginia Knauer, Special Assistant to the President for Consumer Affairs, The White House; Alternate: Francis McLaughlin, Director, Producer Market ing Relationships, President's Committee on Consumer Interests Dr. Thomas H. Milby, Chief, Bureau of Occupational Health and Environmental Epidemiology, California Department of Public Health Dr. Daniel A. Okun, Head, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina *Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, November 1969. Dr. David Pimentel, Head, Department of Entomology and Limnology, State University of New York College of Agriculture, Cornell Dr. Leonell C. Strong,1 Director, Leonell C. Strong Research Foundation Dr. John E. Davies, special assistant, Community Studies on Pesticides, Dade County, Department of Public Health Dr. Dale C. Lindsay, special assistant, Associate Commissioner for Science, Food and Drug Administration Dr. Albert C. Kolbye, Jr., Executive Secretary and staff director, Special Assistant (for Standards and Compliance) to the Deputy Administrator, Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE STAFF Dr. Albert C. Kolbye, Jr., Staff Director Mr. W. Wade Talbot, Executive Officer, Chief, Laboratory Services Branch, Bureau of Science, Food and Drug Administration Mr. Herschel F. Clesner, Inventions Adviser, Health Services and Mental Health Administration Mr. Irving Gerring, Executive Secretary, Special Study Sections, Division of Research Grants, National Institutes of Health Dr. Thomas W. Haines, Office of Grants Management, Public Health Service, HEW Region IV Mr. Robert R. Harwick, Executive Officer, Environmental Control Administration Dr. Rob S. McCutcheon, Executive Secretary, Toxicology Study Section, Division of Research Grants, National Institutes of Health Dr. Burroughs Mider, Acting Deputy Director, National Library of Medicine Mr. Lessel L. Ramsey, Assistant Director for Regulatory Programs, Bureau of Science, Food and Drug Administration Mr. James G. Terrill, Jr., Special Assistant to the Administrator, Food and Drug Administration Dr. Harold W. Wolf, Director, Division of Criteria and Standards, Bureau of Water Hygiene, 3. Sub-Committee on the Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Organisms Other Than Man |