of new projects in which our Government could cooperate with the other governments to our mutual advantage. In many of these fields requests for cooperation had already been received from other governments. United States participation just awaited proper Congressional authorization, which was given in 1938. United States Congress authorized enlarged program of cooperation in 1938 On May 25, 1938, an act was approved authorizing the temporary detail of United States employees possessing special qualifications to the governments of the American Republics, Liberia, and the Philippine Islands. This was followed on May 3, 1939, by the amended act now known as Public Law 63 (76th Cong., 53 Stat. 652). In addition, there was approved on August 9, 1939, Public Law 355, which authorized the President to utilize the services of all departments, agencies, and independent establishments of the Government in carrying out reciprocal undertakings and cooperative purposes enunciated in the treaties, resolutions, declarations, and recommendations signed by all of the twenty-one American Republics at the Inter-American Conference on the Maintenance of Peace held at Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1936, and at the Eighth International Conference of American States at Lima, Peru, in 1938. Cooperative projects carry out commitments made at Buenos Aires and Lima At these two conferences-Buenos Aires and Lima-the representatives of the American Republics agreed to undertake a wide range and variety of cooperative projects, many of them scientific and cultural and consequently under the jurisdiction of the Interdepartmental Committee. A single coordinating committee seemed essential to avoid overlapping and tary and now the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs. Many Government departments, agencies, and bureaus take part in program Members of the Committee now represent 12 departments and agencies and 36 bureaus of the United States Government. The Committee passes on all bilateral cooperative projects and their budgets and on the allocation of funds for them, avoids duplication wherever possible, and correlates and integrates the projects into one unified program, which is an integral part of the present foreign policy of the United States. Many individual projects for cooperation with the Latin American Republics are budgeted and funds have been appropriated and allocated to carry them through fiscal year 1947. No doubt the number of cooperative projects will increase as mutual confidence in this Western Hemisphere and in other lands widens and deepens. The following table shows the United States Government departments and agencies cooperating in the program and the many bureaus and kinds of projects that each one has operated in the fiscal year 1946 or expects to be operating in 1947. Cooperative projects, under the Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation, fiscal years 1946 and/or 1947 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Development of complementary products Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering Development of rubber production Bureau of Agricultural Economics Training grants Agricultural Extension Service Training grants Soil Conservation Service Training grants Agricultural Research Administration Training grants Rural Electrification Administration Training grants Forest Service Training grants BUREAU OF THE BUDGET Training grants in public administration DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Consulting program-census statistics Foreign and international service Airways communications and traffic control Mechanics Pilots Training grants in United States Tidal investigations Magnetic and seismological observations Geodetic-training grants and detail of ex perts Map and chart reproduction-training grants Hydrographic-training grants and detail of experts Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce Industrial surveys—investigations Industrial surveys-training grants National income-investigations National income-training grants National Bureau of Standards Training grants in laboratory standardization and testing and administration derstanding through scientific and cultural cooperation, and also specifically helps to fulfill the commitments of the Buenos Aires and Lima Conferences which have these same objectives. It is an aim of the program to stimulate helpful cooperation in as many cultural and scientific projects as practicable, to attempt in this way to eliminate existing international friction, and, as far as possible, help to prevent future international disagreements/ Education in the long run constitutes the greatest hope of mankind for future peaceful relations among the nations of this world. This scientific and cultural cooperation with the Western Hemisphere and with the world is an important part in the forwardlooking peace program of the United States. In carrying out undertakings of the United States, its citizens will broaden their personal acquaintance with their fellow men in other countries. This is not in any sense or intention an attempt of one country to control the economic affairs of another; rather it is a strictly bilateral cooperative good-will program, both parties to each project wanting the project, both making a substantial contribution to it, and both obtaining benefits from it. The program has expanded to meet opportunities presented and obligations undertaken in response to requests from neighboring countries to the South; and it has proved so successful in furthering friendly cooperation with the other American governments that the Congress of the United States and the authorities of most of the other countries have each year expanded in a thoughtful and conservative way the appropriations for new projects, thus encouraging wider participation. Costs little but contributes much toward peace This cooperation is a very economical and sensible way to promote a continuing peace. Testimony before a Senate com mittee recently showed that what the United States spends for all activities on behalf of peace during a whole year is no more than it spent during every 30 minutes of World War II. In fact, the United States would spend only an insignificant amount for all of these cooperative scientific and cultural projects, even if the program is extended to all countries of the world, compared with the amount it spent during a single minute of the war just ended. A cooperative educational program costs comparatively little and does much toward making a peaceful world. President of the Argentine Republic GENERAL Juan Perón was born October 8, 1895, at Lobos in the province of Buenos Aires. He lived there with his parents until he was five years old. At that time the family moved to a place near the Gallegos River in the territory of Santa Cruz, where they spent the next five years. Then in 1905 the Perón family settled in Buenos Aires, where the boy completed his primary studies and began his secondary course. Before he was sixteen he entered the National Military School. He left that institution as a second lieutenant of infantry in December 1913, when he had just reached the age of eighteen. He was first ordered to the "General Arenales" regiment of infantry, the 12th, where he remained until March 1915, when he was assigned as assistant to Military District No. 58. In December of that year he was advanced to the rank of first lieutenant. His promotion to a full lieutenancy came at the end of 1919, when he passed to the Sargento Cabral school for officers. At that institution he devoted himself to sports, and received very high marks. He stayed at this school six years, and was made captain in December 1924. In April of the following year he entered the Advanced War College, and there he completed the course. After various field trips he obtained his commission as staff officer. In 1929 he was admitted to the general staff of the army, where he served in the operations division until September 1930, when he was assigned to serve in the Ministry of War. On December 1 of that year, he was appointed professor of military history at the Advanced War College, without prejudice to his duties in the Ministry. In 1932 he was named aide-decamp by General Manuel A. Rodríguez, who was then Minister of War, but continued to hold his chair of military history. It was at this time that Perón published his book The Eastern Front in the World War of 1914-Strategic Studies. In November 1933 he was appointed permanent professor at the Advanced War College, holding the chair of his choice. He continued his theoretical studies on the science and history of war, and produced Notes on Military History Theory. The next year he published his third book, RussoJapanese War, in three volumes. Then came The Military Operations of 1870 (two volumes). After that he devoted himself to the preparation of a work on military |