FOR the sake of preserving uniformity in arrangement, for the convenience of our readers we shall first dispose of the less exciting topics which refer to Great Britain. The Parliament met on the 3d February. A bill to establish diplomatic relations with the Court of Rome was introduced into the House of Lords, and passed through all stages but the final reading. In the House of Commons, a bill for the relief of Roman Catholics, from the legal disabilities to which they are subject, has been twice read, and is referred to a Committee of the Whole House. On the 17th February, Lord John Russell brought forward the annual Financial Statement. The expenditures for the ensuing financial year, he stated as follows: Funded debt, £27,788,000; the unfunded debt, £752,600; the consolidated fund, £2,750,000; the expenses of the Kaffir war, £1,100,000; the excess of navy expenditures, £1,100,000; the navy estimates, £7,726,610; the army estimates, £7,162,996; the ordnance, £2,974,835; the miscellaneous estimates, £400,600; the militia, £150,000; making a total of £54,596,500. The income being estimated at £51,250,000, there would be a deficiency which must be met by reduction of the military and naval estimates, or by increased taxation. Looking at the great increase of the French navy, although not apprehending any collision, the ministry could not recommend reduction, and therefore proposed to continue the income tax for five years, and to increase it from three to five per cent. for the next two years, which would leave a surplus of £113,000. This proposition will undoubtedly meet with a most decided opposition in Parliament, and throughout the country: immediately upon its announcement, meetings were held in the metropolis, and at other places, and resolutions passed condemning the scheme. The post office revenue is estimated at £923,000. The returns of the mortality in 117 districts in England, for the quarter ending December, 1847, have been published, and present several curious particulars, relative to the late epidemic. The mortality in childhood was raised 83 per cent. ; in manhood 104 per cent.; in old age 247 per cent. From the age of four to twenty-five, the mortality was, comparatively, not much increased; at the age of ten to fifteen, the healthiest period in life, it was scarcely increased at all-in girls. In cases of old age, and where chronic diseases existed, the influenza was generally fatal. The poison permeating the whole system, fastens chiefly on the mucous membrane, lining the sinuses of

the face and head, and the air-tubes of the lungs. The country districts do not appear to have been affected to any extent, a fact which shows how much the purity of the air has to do with epidemic diseases. Dr. Howley, late Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, died at Lambeth Palace, on the 11th February, aged 83. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford; in 1809, he was Regius Professor of Divinity in that University, afterwards Bishop of London, and for the last fifteen years, Archbishop of Canterbury. His successor is Dr. Sumner, Bishop of Chester. In the case of Dr. Hampden, mentioned in our last, no decision has been given, the Judges of the Court of Queen's Bench being equally divided. Lord Denman and Justice Earle delivered opinions sustaining the prerogative of the Crown, and the other two Judges were in favor of the application; the result is, that the Court will not interfere, and the Bishop takes his office. The members of the Metropolitan Sanatory Commission have lately made a report, in which they state, that having received much additional information, as to the progress of the cholera towards Europe, as to the means of its prevention, they find that the disease, as it has lately appeared, in Persia, Trebizonde and Russia, is unchanged in its general character. That the more recent experience in Russia, has led to the general abandonment of the theory of its propagation by contagion; a conclusion in which, after a full consideration of the evidence presented to them, the Commissioners concur. That the views adopted by them of the inexpediency of special Cholera Hospitals, except in cases of peculiar necessity, have been confirmed by coincident adoption of the same conclusions in Russia. That they have received much information tending to establish the conclusion, that cholera is not the sudden disease which has hitherto been supposed; that the commonly known form of the malady is, in reality, its second stage; and that its first stage is manifested by the premonitory symptom of diarrhea, which is commonly unattended to; but which, if met by the strict observance of proper regimen, and by appropriate medicine, may be arrested, before passing into the more violent and fatal stage of the disease. They recommend, as one of the most important measures of alleviation, the establishment of local dispensaries, where persons affected with the first stage of the disease, as manifested by the premonitory symptoms, may be immediately placed under the proper treatment, for arresting

its farther progress. On the 26th February, the amount of notes issued by the Bank of England was £27,890,705; the active circulation £18,084,695; the bullion in both departments is £14,569,649. The money market was in rather a feverish state, in consequence of the news from Paris. On the 25th February, consols opened at 88 and fell to 873, but rallied to 88.

The Pope has caused a rescript to be addressed to the Roman Catholic prelates in Ireland, demanding an explanation of the charges preferred against certain of the clergy, of fomenting crime by the practice of denouncing from the altar, and admonishing the clergy to abstain from political agitation, and in future to confine their labors to spiritual instruction of the people.

The intelligence from the continent of Europe is of a most important character.

The discussion in the Chamber of Deputies, on the address, in reply to the King's speech on the opening of the Parliament, has been stormy and protracted. It was brought to a close on the 12th February. M. Guizot having declared that he would make no concession, the Chamber divided on the last amendment which had been proposed to the paragraph respecting Reform, when the members were 189 for the amendment and 222 against it; giving a ministerial majority of 33. The address was then carried; the Opposition, in a body, refusing to vote. At this time, all minds in Paris appeared to be occupied with the probable result of the situation of political parties. The ministry, moved by the manifestations within the Chamber, and the excitement throughout the capital, appear at this time to have resolved to yield to the pressure, and M. Guizot, at the close of the debate, delivered an address, which his organ, the Journal des Débats, interpreted as a distinct pledge of the government, at a convenient time, to bring forward to the present (late) Chainber a measure of Parliamentary Reform.

Meanwhile another question had arisen out of the incidents of the debate. The menaces of the Government had assailed the right of public meeting, an imprescriptible public right of the people of all constitutional states. The Opposition, putting aside for the moment the Reform question, determined boldly to oppose this pretension of the Cabinet, which they pronounced monstrous. They therefore determined at once to brave the threat, and to hold, in the very heart of the capital, one of those meetings which the Government denounced, but to accompany it with every constitutional precaution which could tend to throw the Government in the wrong, and cover with odium any attempt to suppress it. A Committee of Opposition Deputies was appointed to concert with the Central Reform Committee of the Seine, as to the management of the projected Reform banquet. With the

further view to the same object, a meeting of above a hundred Deputies of the Opposition was held on Sunday, the 13th February, at which a public manifesto was agreed on, stating that " they have recognized that the address, as it has been voted, constitutes on the part of the majority, a flagrant and audacious violation of the rights of the minority; and that the Ministers have, by drawing their party into so exorbitant an act, at once infringed one of the most sacred principles of the constitution, violated, in the persons of their representatives, one of the essential rights of the citizens, and, by a measure of ministerial safety, thrown over the country the most pernicious seeds of division and disorder.

"In such circumstances, they have found that their duties acquired a graver, a more imperious character, and that in the midst of those events which now agitate Europe, and pre-occupy France, they could no longer abandon for a single instant the guardianship and the defence of the interests of the nation.

"As to the right of meeting of the citizens, a right which the Ministers seem willing to subordinate to their good pleasure, and confiscate to their profit, the meeting, unanimously convinced that this right, inherent in every free constitution, is, moreover, formally established by our laws, have determined upon resorting to every legal and constitutional means of maintaining it intact, and of consecrating it."

The resolution to hold the banquet was adopted by all the Deputies present, and invitations were given to, and accepted by six members of the Chamber of Peers. It is stated that the Government experiencing much uneasiness at these proceedings, General Jacqueminot called together the colonels of the National Guard of Paris, and interrogated them as to the dispositions of their respective legions, and received answers no way calculated to assure a Cabinet which contemplated an armed repression. It is also said that General Sebastian made similar inquiries of the superior officers of the garrison of the capital, who gave no assurance, but that the troops of the line would support the National Guard, and that their independent action could not be relied on, in case of a popular movement.

The banquet was originally proposed to be held on Sunday, the 19th February, but was postponed till Tuesday, that the population, being engaged in work, might not congregate in such numbers as would give an appearance of menace, and afford an excuse for interference, by force, on the part of the authorities. In the mean time, addresses of support were continually arriving from the provinces, to the members of the Opposition. The Government, on Sunday, after consultation, resolved to allow the banquet to take place, and then to prosecute, in the civil tribunals, the persons who should be prominent in it. On Monday morn

ing, a programme of arrangements appeared in the Opposition journals, in which it was announced that in consequence of the number of invitations issued, the banquet would irrevocably take place, and proceeded to invite the soldiers of the National Guard, its officers, the students of the schools, &c., to form two parallel lines, between which the parties invited were to place themselves; the cortège to be headed by the superior officers of the National Guard, who might present themselves to join in the demonstration. Immediately after the persons invited and the guests, were to be placed a rank of officers of the National Guard; behind the latter, the National Guards formed in columns, and between the third and fourth columns, the young men of the schools, headed by persons chosen by themselves. M. Odillon Barrot, in the Chamber of Deputies on Monday, stated the intention of the banquet to be the assertion of the right of citizens to assemble for political discussion, denied by the Ministry, and so to afford an opportunity to settle the question before the legal tribunals. M. Duchatel replied, that the intention of the government, till that morning, was to have allowed the banquet to proceed, under protest, and let the question be tried before the ordinary tribunals; but the manifesto issued by the Banquet Committee that morning had changed everything. The Government were inclined to allow the question to be settled judicially, but could not allow an imperium in imperio, and they therefore resolved to suppress the meeting. The Chamber, upon this declaration, broke up in great excitement. In the evening of Monday, there appeared various proclamations. First came one from General Jacqueminot, addressed to the National Guard, of which he was commander, indicating the terms of the law," which prohibited all deliberation of affairs of state by the National Guard, as an attack agrinst public liberty, and a misdemeanor against the Commonwealth and the Constitution;" also protesting against the usurpation of his authority by strangers, who sought to convoke his officers and soldiers, and to array them against the government, of which they were the natural supporters. This was followed by another from the Prefect of Police of the city, addressed to the inhabitants of Paris, in which, after alluding to the disquietude which existed in consequence of the manifestations in preparation, it proceeds: The government, from motives of public order, but too well justified, and exercising the right invested in it by the laws, and which has constantly been brought into use without dispute, has interdicted the banquet." Here follows a statement of the original intentions of the government, and their reasons for change, as we have before set forth.

These proclamations were posted everywhere throughout the city. Crowds of people assembled, the proclamations were in many

"This tardy resolution of Government would not allow the Opposition at so late an hour to change the character of the demonstration. It finds itself, therefore, placed in the alternative either of encouraging a collision between the citizens and the public force, or of renouncing the legal and pacific protests upon which it had resolved. In this position, the members of the Opposition, personally protected by their quality of Deputy, could not willingly expose the citizens to the consequences of a struggle so injurious to order and liberty. The Opposition has therefore thought that it ought to abstain, and to leave to the Government all the responsibility of its measures. It requests all good citizens to follow its example.

"In thus adjourning the exercise of a right, the Opposition engages itself to the country to establish this right by all constitutional means. It will not be wanting in this duty, and it will pursue with perseverance, and with more energy than ever, the struggle which it has undertaken against a corrupt, violent, and anti-national policy."

It is said there were 100,000 troops of the line in Paris and its neighborhood, and orders had been given for them to occupy the necessary ports, to enforce the determination of the government; but as soon as it was known that the meeting was abandoned, these orders were countermanded, though the troops were kept under arms, and several bodies ordered to patrol the streets.

On Tuesday morning affairs were tranquil, but about 11 o'clock a crowd began to congre gate until it swelled to about the number of 20,000. Numbers of workmen, and men in blouses, were also to be seen, marching in order, and apparently under leaders. A large number of students also paraded, singing the Marseillaise, and shouting, A bas Guizot! Vive la reforme! Among the crowd were a great number of those scowling, or as the French call them, sinistre faces, only seen in public by daylight, at times of great popular commotion. The populace was driven from several places by the military, but no serious collision happened. The Chamber of Deputies was slow in assembling, but commenced business about 2 o'clock, with a debate on the Bordeaux Bank Bill. During the discussion M. Odillon Barrot, with great solemnity, presented a folded paper to the President, and shortly afterwards the Abbé de Genoude presented another. The discussion, meanwhile, drew to a close, and about a quarter to five, M. Sauzet, the Presi

dent, declared the sitting at an end. M. Odillon Barrot complained that the President had failed in his duty, and been wanting in respect to the Chamber, in not announcing the nature of the documents handed to him. The President replied, that by the rules of the Chamber, he was not bound to make any declaration, until the documents had been submitted to the bureau, which would be done on Thursday, and the contents would then be made known. At the instance of M. Barrot, he acknowledged the receipt of the papers, which related to the impeachment of the Ministers. That presented by M. Barrot, was signed by 53 Opposition members, and was as follows:

"We propose to place the Minister in accusation as Guilty

"1. Of having betrayed abroad the honor and the interests of France.

"2. Of having falsified the principles of the constitution, violated the guarantees of liberty,

and attacked the rights of the people.

"3. Of having, by a systematic corruption, attempted to substitute, for the free expression of public opinion, the calculations of private interest, and thus perverted the representative gov

ernment.

"4. Of having trafficked for ministerial purposes in public offices, as well as in all prerogatives and privileges of power.

"5. Of having, in the same interest, wasted the finances of the State, and thus compromised the forces and the grandeur of the kingdom.

"6. Of having violently despoiled the citizens of a right inherent to every free constitution, and the exercise of which had been guaranteed to them by the Charter, by the laws, and by former precedents.

7. Of having, in fine, by a policy overtly counter-revolutionary, placed in question all the conquests of our two revolutions, and thrown the country into a profound agitation."

[Here follow the signatures, M. Odillon Barrot at the head.]

M. de Genoude's proposition was in these

terms:

"Whereas the Minister, by his refusal to present a project of law for electoral reform, has occasioned troubles, I propose to put in accusation the President of the Council, and his colleagues."

During the latter part of the day, the people erected barricades in several streets leading into Rue St. Denis, and Rue St. Martin, by tearing up the paving-stones, seizing carts, omnibusses, &c. Most of these were carried by the troops of the line and the Municipal Guard, and at some places severe engagements took place. All Paris presented an aspect of civil war, and the troops remained under arms all night.

In the morning of Wednesday, fresh bodies of troops arrived in the city; and the populace destroyed the electric telegraph in several

places, to prevent the transmission of orders to the military, and tore up the rails of the railroads to hinder their approach. During the night the barricades had been removed, but they were re-constructed in the morning, and were defended with such vigor that up to 11 o'clock the troops had failed to take them. The rappel was beat, for calling together the Nationa! Guard, and but few answered the call till the afternoon, when several legions mustered strongly, shouting, Vive la Reforme! à bas Guizot! à bas le Ministère! Sharp firing was kept up between the insurgents and the Municipal Guard.

In the Chamber of Deputies, M. Vavin (of Paris) put some question to the Minister of the Interior, respecting the passing events. M. Guizot rose and said that the king had sent for Count Molé, who was impowered to form a ministry, which was received with loud cheers. appointed, the ministry considered themselves responsible, and should act according to their best judgment for the interests of the country. M. Odillon Barrot proposed to adjourn his proposition for impeaching the Ministers, and the Chamber concluded its sitting amid the greatest excitement. The announcement of the change of ministry appeared to produce a calm, but it was of short continuance. The night was one of intense excitement and alarm; the work of erecting barricades went on without ceasing. All the trees in the Boulevards were felled, and the lamp-posts thrown down. The appointment of Count Molé having failed to appease the people, MM. Thiers, and Odillon Barrot were appointed ministers, and at 12 o'clock, on Thursday, the latter, accompanied by General Lamoricière, repaired from the Chamber of Deputies to the Ministry of the Interior, where he was formally installed into office, and Gen. Lamoricière invested with the command of the National Guard. The following proclamation was posted on the walls of Paris:

He then added that until their successors were

"Citizens of Paris!-The King has abdicated. The crown, bestowed by the revolution of July, is now placed on the head of a child, protected by his mother. They are both under the safeguard of the honor and courage of the Parisian population. All cause of division amongst us has ceased to exist. Orders have been given to the troops of the line to return to their respective quarters. Our brave army can be better employed than in shedding its blood in so deplorable a collision.

under an escort of cuirassiers. At the same hour, in the Chamber of Deputies, M. Sauzet took the chair, in presence of about three hundred members. Shortly afterwards the Duchess of Orleans, in deep mourning, arrived at the Palace, with her two sons. The Princess appeared at the left door, accompanied by the two Princes, and the Duke de Nemours and Montpensier. The young Count de Paris entered first, led by one of the members of the House. He penetrated with difficulty as far as the semicircle, which was crowded with officers and soldiers of the National Guard. His presence produced a lively impression on the assembly. Almost immediately afterwards the Duchess entered, and seated herself in an arm-chair between her two sons.

The hall was then forcibly entered by a multitude of armed men of the lower orders and National Guards. The Princess and her children then retired to one of the upper benches of the centre, opposite the Presidential chair.

The greatest agitation and uproar prevailed, and when silence was restored, M. Dupin rose and announced to the assembly that the King had abdicated in favor of his grandson, and conferred the regency on the Duchess of Orleans.

A voice from the public gallery-"It is too late."

An indescribable scene of tumult ensued. A number of deputies collected round the Duchess and her children, and the Dukes of Nemours and Montpensier. National Guards also rallied round the royal family.

M. Marie then ascended the tribune without being able to speak, his voice being drowned by deafening cries. When silence was restored, M. Marie said, that in the critical situation in which the capital was placed, it was urgently necessary to adopt some measures calculated to calm the population. Since morning the evil had made immense progress. Shall we proclaim the Duke de Nemours or the Duchess of Orleans regent? M. Cremieux, who followed, was of opinion to uphold the new Government. M. Genoude thought that an appeal ought to be addressed to the people. M. Odillon Barrot next ascended the tribune, and advocated the rights of the Duchesse d'Orleans. M. Larochejaquelin supported the appeal to the people. M. Lamartine and M. Ledru-Rollin, insisted on the necessity of appointing a Provisional Government. M. Sauzet here put on his hat, and concluded the sitting. The Princes retired, followed by all the members of the Centre, those of the Left alone remaining in the hall. The insurgents then called, or rather carried M. Dupont de l'Eure to the Presidential chair. The tribune and all the seats were occupied by the people and National Guards, and a Provisional Government was proclaimed amidst a scene which has not been witnessed since the Convention.

"The Provisional Government issued a proclamation, stating its desire for a republic; adding, that neither the people of Paris, nor the Provisional Government, desire to substitute their opinions for those of the citizens at large, upon the definite form of government which the national sovereignty shall proclaim. It is signed Dupont, (de l'Eure,) Lamartine, Ledru-Rollin, Bedeau, Michel Goudehaux, Arago, Bethmont Marie, Carnot, Cavagnac, Garnier Pagès. The death of several persons, who were fired on by the troops in defending themselves against an attack at the Hotel of the Foreign Ministry, seems to have infuriated the people. The palace of the Tuilleries was sacked by a mob, and the furniture thrown out of the windows and burned. A successful attack was also made on the Palais Royal, in attempting to repel which, Gen. Lamoricière is said to have been severely wounded if not killed. The excitement in Paris was intense. A rising in the towns of the north is confidently expected. Such are the latest accounts. Whether the Provisional Government will be sustained in the power which it has thus assumed, is yet un

known.

In Naples a revolution was effected in a single day. It commenced on the morning of the 28th January, with a mighty crowd in the street of Toledo, and ended in the evening by chorusses sung in the opera house, in praise of the constitution! The sincerity of the king, who had resolutely refused to grant any concession, or to join the customs league, appears rather dubious, but the grant appears to have made him extensively popular. The Roman Catholic religion is to be the only one permitted. It was proposed that one constitution should include Naples and the Island of Sicily, but the inhabitants of the latter, having completely routed the Neapolitan troops sent to subdue them, refused the offer, and the king was compelled to grant to them their constitution of 1812, which has been accepted on condition, that the Prince Royal shall be Viceroy, and a separate parliament established at Palermo. The French Constitution is the model of that of Naples, with the addition that no religion but the Roman Catholic is to be permitted. The King of Sardinia has also granted the French Constitution to his subjects. In Rome the people, excited by the announcement of constitutions having been accorded to the other Italian States, had demanded a constitution from the Pope. His Holiness had invited the Dominican friar Boerio to examine, in a theological point of view, how far the constitutional form of government was consistent with the temporal power of the Sovereign Pontiff. Father Ventura had already replied to that demand, that if the Pope wished to transmit to his successors the patrimony of St. Peter, he should grant the concessions necessary to preserve it.