the entire distance by the "shortest usually traveled route, less the distance for which transportation has been provided.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

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2423. When an officer on leave of absence is ordered to rejoin the station or troops he left, he will not be entitled to transportation or mileage unless the publice service requires the performance of duty en route, in which case the order should specify the particular duty, the necessity therefor, and the point at which the duty will commence and end.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1112; G. O. 97, 1876.]

2424. Orders to temporary duty, without troops, while on leave of absence, carry mileage for actual travel from place of receipt of order to place of performance of duty and return. The duty performed, the officer reverts to status of leave of absence, with obligation to rejoin his station at his own expense unless otherwise specially ordered, as contemplated in the preceding paragraph.-[G. 9. 6, 1881 ]

2425. Officers ordered to temporary duty while on leave of absence will be regarded as on duty from the day on which they receive the order placing them on such duty. The date of receipt of the order must be promptly reported to the Adjutant General of the Army. On the completion of the duty assigned them, or when relieved from it, they revert to the status of leave of absence, and will be credited until the time they were actually on duty by such detail.-[G. O. 80, 1880.]

2426. When an officer who is ordered to change station has leave of absence in the period intervening between his leaving the old and joining the new station, it does not deprive him of the mileage to which he would otherwise be entitled.-[Sec. War, July 24, 1872, and Dec. 12, 1874.]

2427. When the station of an officer, either serving with or without troops, is changed while he is on leave of absence, he will be entitled, on joining his new station, to mileage for the excess only of distance from the place of receipt of his order to his new station over the distance to his old station.-[G. O. 97, 1876; Sec. War, Nov. 5, 1878.]

2428. Contract Surgeons will be paid mileage, or actual expenses, for travel performed under orders during the period of contract, according to the regulations governing mileage of officers. They will be paid mileage for actual travel from place of annulment of contract to place of making the same (payment to be made upon annulment without waiting for the performance of travel).— [G. O. 97, 1876 ]

2429. In the following cases no expense of travel is allowed: In joining for duty upon first appointment to the military service; or under first order after reinstatement, reappointment, or revocation of an order of dismissal; or to effect an exchange of station,

or a transfer from one company or regiment to another when the same is made at the request of the parties.

Excepting only in the following cases: Assistant Surgeons, approved by an examining board and commissioned, joining for duty under the first order; graduates of the Military Academy, from West Point to their stations; enlisted men journeying under first order after appointment or commission.-[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 1115, 1116, 1117; G. O. 97, 1876.]

2430. The mileage of officers traveling on duty in connection with public works (not fortifications, arsenals, military surveys or explorations) is payable from the appropriation made specifically for the work. If there be no such appropriation, payment will be made by the Pay Department.—[G. O. 97, 1876.]

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2432. No officer shall have orders to attend personally at Washington to the settlement of his accounts, except by order of the Secretary of War on the report of the Bureau, or of the Treasury, showing a necessity therefor.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1120.]

2433. Mileage for travel of officers of the Army summoned to testify before committees of Congress is not viewed as a proper charge upon appropriations for the support of the Army. Commanding officers will be careful to grant permissions in such cases, and not issue orders to appear.-[G. O. 17, 1880.]

2434. Officers and enlisted men appearing as witnesses for the Government before any court of the United States are entitled, under the Statutes (§ 850, R. S.), to receive their necessary expenses in going, returning, and attendance on the court; but, as they continue to receive pay for their ordinary services as officials of the Government, they are not entitled to receive any mileage or witness fees. Accounts for necessary expenses must be itemized and sworn to, when, upon the orders of the Department of Justice, they will be paid by the United States marshal who served the summons.

In any case where the witness has been paid mileage or furnished transportation in kind by the military authorities, to enable him to perform the requisite journey, the account of such expenditure should be forwarded to the War Department for reimbursement of the amount by the Department of Justice.

Officers of the Army who pay mileage or furnish transportation in kind to witnesses summoned to appear before the United States courts, will notify the court, or the marshal thereof, of the fact that such mileage has been paid, or transportation furnished, as the case may be, to enable the witness to perform the requisite journey in obedience to the summons.-[Op. Atty. Gen., in G. O. 73, 1878; G. O. 83, 1878.]

2435. When officers or soldiers of the Army are subpoenaed as witnesses in civil or criminal courts, the officer in command shall not be obliged to order the persons so subpoenaed to appear and testify unless their expenses are provided for in some way without

charge or claim against the United States. When a suit or prosecution is in favor of or against an officer or soldier of the Army, and, in the judgment of the commanding officer, the ends of justice require the testimony of the witnesses subpoenaed, he may, in his discretion, order their appearance at the expense of the United States, if such expense can be provided for in no other way, and there is no State or Territorial law providing for payment of fees, mileage, or expenses of witnesses in such cases.-G. O. 80, 1878.]

COMMUTATION OF QUARTERS.

2436. Officers on duty without troops at places where there are no public quarters are alone entitled to commutation, which will be paid by the Pay Department at the rate authorized by the act approved June 23, 1879.-[G. O. 83, 1880.]

2437. A military “station” is merely synonymous with military "post." In each case it means not an ordinary residence, having nothing military about it except that one of its occupants holds a military commission, but a place where military duty is performed or stores are kept or distributed, or something connected with war or arms is kept or done.-[Dec. Sup. Court, in G. O. 44, 1877.]

2438. Commutation of quarters will be paid only at the station for which it is claimed, and by the senior disbursing Paymaster thereat, or, if there be no Paymaster at the station, by the Chief Paymaster of the Department, or such of his subordinates as he may designate upon the officer's application.-[G. O. 66, 1878.]

2439. The first voucher, in each case, for commutation at any station, must be accompanied with a copy of the order, or other authority, assigning the officers to duty thereat. On subsequent vouchers for commutation at same station, under the same order, the Paymaster will make reference, by number, &c., to the voucher and account with which the order is filed.-[G. O. 66, 1878.]

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2444. The following officers are entitled to the allowance of quarters, and to purchase fuel at the legal rates:

Officers who, for the convenience of the Government, are directed to await orders for a limited period at a designated station where there are no public quarters until the proper time arrives for giving them specific orders.-[G. O. 78, 1877.]

STOPPAGES OF PAY.

2445. When, by report of the Second Comptroller of the Treasury, or of any Bureau of the War Department, it is ascertained that an officer of the Army has been overpaid, or is indebted to the United States for money, property, or supplies, or has failed properly to account for the same, the Paymaster General will notify the officer of the charge.

If refundment or satisfactory explanation be not made within a reasonable time, the Paymaster General will, on the order of the Secretary of War, give notice of the stoppage of the officer's pay until the overpayment or indebtedness is satisfied.

Should the officer in his explanation appeal to the Secretary of War, the Paymaster General will submit the case for decision before enforcement of the stoppage (vide paragraph 2446, Regulations).-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1350; G. O. 119, 1877.]

2446. The notice of stoppage of officers' pay will take the form of a monthly circular to Paymasters, advising them of stoppages in force at its date. This circular will be submitted to the Secretary of War for his approval prior to publication.

When an officer's name is borne upon this circular, no payment of salary will be made to him which is not in accordance with the stoppage entry in the case. Paymasters disregarding this requirement in any case will be held liable for the amount of the stoppage. [G. O. 119, 1877.]

2447. Overpayments to an officer are to be deducted on first payment after notice of stoppage, even if the pay accounts have been assigned. The assignee takes the account subject to all risks of stoppage.-[P. M. G., Apr. 9, 1862.]

PAYMENT OF ENLISTED MEN.

2448. When a company is paraded for payment, the officer in command of it shall attend the pay-table, and witness the payment.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1341.]

2449. The Paymaster will deduct from the pay of all enlisted men twelve and a half cents per month for the support of the "Soldiers' Home," and also the amount of the authorized stoppages entered on the muster-roll, descriptive-list, or certificate of discharge. [Regs. 1853, ¶ 1364 ]

2450. The ordinary rates of pay are found in sections 1261 to 1288, inclusive, Revised Statutes.

RE-ENLISTMENT PAY.

2451. The rate of pay prescribed in section 1282, Revised Statutes, is payable to the following classes of men:

1. Those who are entitled to longevity pay for re-enlistment under the provisions of the act of August 4, 1854.

2. Those who have at any time re-enlisted under the terms of that act, though not entitled to longevity pay thereunder because of failure to remain continuously in service.

Men of class 1 will be indicated on the muster-rolls by the remarks prescribed in paragraph 2453.

Those of class 2 will be indicated by the remark: "Entitled to re-enlistment pay." Lack of sufficient evidence to establish a claim

to re-enlistment pay will be supplied by application to the Adjutant General.-[G. O. 51, 1872.]

2452. Men serving under a second, third, fourth, &c., enlistment, but who never re-enlisted" under the act of August 4, 1854, will only be entitled to the pay provided in sections 1280 and 1281, Revised Statutes.-[G. O. 51, 1872.]

LONGEVITY PAY OF ENLISTED MEN.

2453. Under section 1284, Revised Statutes, a soldier who completes a term of five years' continuous service, and re-enlists within thirty days thereafter, is entitled to an additional allowance of $2 per month; and for each successive and continuous re-enlistment under the same conditions he is entitled to a further addition of $1 per month. The rate of allowance is indicated on the rolls by the remark: "$ $2 per mo. for five years' continuous service"; "$3 per mo. for ten years' continuous service"; "$4 per mo. for fifteen years' continuous service," &c.—[G. O. 18, 1876.]

RETAINED PAY.

2454. The retained pay provided for the discharged soldier, "but to be forfeited unless he shall have served honestly and faithfully to the date of discharge," by sections 1281 and 1282, Revised Statutes, shall be withheld for the following causes, either of which shall be noted on the final statements:

1. Desertion during the period of enlistment.

2. When discharged (by way of punishment for an offense) before expiration of term of service by sentence of Court-Martial, or by order from the War Department specifying that such forfeiture shall be made.

3. Conviction and imprisonment by the civil authorities.

4. When discharged as a minor, or for other cause involving fraud on his part in the enlistment.

5. Repeated trials by Court-Martial and punishments for misconduct, of which timely report shall be made to the War Department and approved as basis of forfeiture. In which case the soldier shall be discharged without character, and shall not be re-enlisted.— [G. O. 51, 1872.]

PAY ON CERTIFICATE OF MERIT.

2455. The extra pay of two dollars a month to a private soldier, in virtue of a certificate of merit, granted in accordance with sections 1216 and 1285, Revised Statutes, will commence at the date of the service for which the certificate is given, and continues while the soldier remains continuously in service as an enlisted man.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 1365; G. O. 28, 1878.]