may be on duty. When officers are absent from their stations, Paymasters will require evidence of proper authority for such absence, without which no payment shall be made.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 1348; G. O. 86, 1876.]

2380. No officer shall pass away or transfer his pay accounts not actually due at the time. When due, a pay account, signed by the officer, may be transferred by an indorsement stating to whom it is transferred, and may be paid by the proper Paymaster, if satisfied of the genuineness of the officer's signature, and that he is under no stoppage, or other disability as to pay.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1349.]

2381. When the Paymaster General shall discover that an officer has drawn pay more than once for the same time, he will call upon the officer to make immediate refundment of the amount overdrawn, and to submit an explanation of the facts for the consideration of the Secretary of War. If no explanation be submitted, the Paymaster General will report the facts to the Adjutant General.[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1379; G. O. 61, 1869.]

2382. Payments, excepting to troops at posts and in the field, should be made by checks only, unless when, there being no local depository, the Paymaster is obliged to keep his funds in hand.

2383. All Treasury certificates payable by the Pay Department will be paid at the office of the Paymaster General only.

2384. Officers of the Pay Department should not give receipts except in the following cases, viz:

1. For transfers of money between themselves.

2. For effects of deceased soldiers or of deserters.

3. For stoppages authorized by the Paymaster General, and for which he may direct receipts to be given.

4. For refundments made by officers in service on account of overpayments made by Paymasters (Form No. 2).

In all other cases the party turning over or refunding money should place it in some authorized public depository, taking certificates of deposit in duplicate, or turn over the same to a disbursing officer of the Department to which the money belongs.

2385. The following officers, in addition to those whose pay is fixed by law (R. S., § 1261), are entitled to pay as mounted officers: Officers of the Staff Corps below the rank of Major, officers of troops of Cavalry, officers of one light battery for each regiment of Artillery, officers announced in orders from the Adjutant General's Office as Acting Signal Officers, and authorized Aides-de-Camp duly appointed as such.

Other light batteries of Artillery which may be designated by the President (under 1101, Revised Statutes), and equipped as such will each have the organization of a light battery, except the additional 2d Lieutenant, and the officers thereof actually serving with the light batteries will be mounted.

Officers actually serving with companies of Infantry mounted by

authority of the War Department, and not in excess of the legal organization of Infantry, are mounted while so serving. A company of Infantry mounted retains the same organization as on foot. 2386. Other officers on duty which, in the opinion of the Department Commander, requires them to be mounted, will be entitled to be so considered on the certificate of their Department Commanders that they have been on duty in the service of the United States which required them to be mounted during the time.—[G. 0. 18, 1880.]

*

2388. Muster-rolls and returns of light batteries and companies of Infantry mounted must show in all cases, by number, date, and source of order, the authority for being mounted; on the first muster-roll after being mounted a full copy of the order, and on the first roll after being dismounted a full copy of the order therefor. The pay accounts of all officers charging mounted pay must embrace the same information, but need not embrace any certificate in regard to the use of a public horse.-[G. O. 18, 1880.]

2389. An Acting Commissary of Subsistence is paid the additional pay per month allowed by law, on the certificate of the Commissary General of Subsistence that he has performed the duty during the time charged.-[Regs. Pay Dept.]

2390. When an officer of the Army receives a temporary appointment from the proper authority to a grade in the Volunteers or the Militia then in actual service of the United States higher in rank than that held by him in the Army, he shall be entitled to the pay and emoluments of the grade in which he serves. But in no case can an officer receive the compensation of two military commissions or appointments at the same time; and no such officer shall receive the pay of the higher grade till regularly mustered into the service.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1378.]

2391. No officer shall receive pay for two Staff appointments for the same time. But this does not deprive a Regimental Quartermaster who, in addition to the duties of his office, may be Acting Commissary of Subsistence, from receiving the extra compensation allowed by law for the latter duties.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1345; Op. Sup. Ct., in G. O. 34, 1878.]

2392. A person appointed to the Army, or receiving a new appointment therein, is entitled to pay from the date of acceptance only. If the appointment create vacancies to be filled by promotion, the promoted officers are entitled to pay of the new grade from the date of acceptance of the appointee. In all other cases of promotion the officer is entitled to pay from date of the occurrence of the vacancy.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1346; Sec. War, July 7, 1863.]

2393. An officer appointed by the President, whose appointment fails to be confirmed by the Senate, but expires by Constitutional limitation, may be paid to the date when he received official notification thereof, provided he was in the performance of duty to

that date and the same is certified by his commanding officer or other competent authority.-[Regs. Pay Dept.]

2394. An officer retiring from service shall, before final payment, produce certificates from the several accounting officers of non-indebtedness to the United States, and make an affidavit upon the final voucher setting forth the correctness of its several items, the place of his residence, and that he is not indebted to the United States on any account whatever.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1343; Regs. Pay Dept.]

2395. An officer whose resignation takes effect while he is on leave, will be paid to the date given in the acceptance of his resignation.-[G. O. 103, 1864.]

2396. An officer whose resignation takes effect while he is on duty will be paid to the date on which he received notice of the acceptance of his resignation, provided he continued on duty to that date; otherwise to the date when he was relieved from duty.[G. O. 103, 1864.]

2397. An officer dismissed by sentence of Court-Martial will be paid to the date of termination of service, as specified in the sentence or in the order promulgating same.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 1344; G. O. 103, 1864.]

2398. No account of a restored officer for time he was out of service can be paid without order of the War Department.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 1347.]

2399. Officers or soldiers confined by the civil authorities for crime forfeit their pay during confinement, unless discharged therefrom after trial and acquittal, or without trial because held innocent by the civil authorities. The fact of such discharge must be explicitly stated on pay-accounts or muster-rolls.-[ Circ. A. G. O., Jan. 13, 1864.]

2400. In computing longevity pay, service as cadets is not to be taken into account. Service performed as enlisted men of Regulars or Volunteers is to be counted.-[Op. Atty. Gen., in G. O. 65, 1878.]

2401. Payments for service of officers and enlisted men will cover both the dates of commencement and expiration of service.— [G. O. 72, 1878.]

PAY DURING ABSENCE.

2402. The laws affecting pay of an officer during leave of absence will be found in section 1265, Revised Statutes, and the act of July 29, 1876 (vide page 367).

2403. When an officer is absent under certificate of disability duly accepted, on account of sickness or wounds, he will be entitled to the same pay as if an order had been issued granting him a sickleave. Officers absent on certificate of disability should so arrange that the certificates may cover entire calendar months, and not

monthly periods commencing with intermediate days.-[G. O. 86, 1876.]

2404. Before receiving full pay during absence on account of sickness or wounds, an officer must exhibit to the Paymaster an order from competent authority granting him sick-leave, or the formal acceptance, by the Adjutant General, of a certificate of disability covering the time charged. In the latter case the Paymaster will certify on the officer's pay-voucher that he has seen such official acceptance. Payments made in violation of these requirements will be charged to the Paymaster.-[G. O. 86, 1876.]

2405. The pay-account of every officer on leave should, throughout the period of his absence, exhibit the date of commencement of leave, the authority for his absence, and in case the account is for the month in which the absence terminates, the date of return to duty. In all cases the day of departure or relief from duty will be counted as a day of absence, and the day of return as a day of duty.—[G. O. 86, 1876.]

2406. In determining the portion of a leave of absence for which an officer is entitled to full pay, no time can be considered outside of a period of four successive leave years, including the leave year or years in which the absence is taken.-[G. O. 85, 187€.]

2407. The leave year is reckoned from June 20th to the following June 19th, inclusive. In estimating the period of absence during any one leave year, each and every day's absence must be included.-[G. O. 83, 1876.]

2408. When an officer on leave claims full pay for any part of his absence, the Paymaster will ascertain the time for which he is entitled, from the data contained in the monthly lists of absentees issued from the Adjutant General's Office; or if they do not afford the information, from the officer's own statement on the voucher as to the time for which he may have been absent during each of the leave years, inclusive of that within which the time covered by his voucher falls, for which he claims the benefit of the law.-[G. O. 86, 1876.]

MILEAGE.

2409. Under the act of July 24, 1876, mileage is the only allowance which can be paid to officers for travel. Mileage will be paid by the Pay Department (Form No. 11).-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2410. Mileage can in no case be allowed for travel not actually performed.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2411. To entitle an officer to mileage the travel must be performed without troops, and be covered by a specific order in the case issued by a superior officer previous to commencement of the journey. Such orders will be issued only where the journey is on account of and necessary to the public service.-[G. O. 6, 1881.]

2412. Where urgent public duty requires travel without previous orders, the case must be reported without delay to the proper

superior, whose approval, in subsequent orders, shall be accepted in lieu of a previous order.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2413. In all cases of individual travel, the authority issuing the order may, if the public economy, interest, or convenience suggest it, prescribe that transportation in kind be furnished to the officer. Such prescription will in all cases be a bar to payment of mileage unless it be shown by certificate of the proper officer of the Quartermaster's Department that the transportation in kind could not be furnished.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2414. Orders should not prescribe special lines of travel other than the "shortest usually traveled routes," excepting where it is indispensable to the public service or made unavoidable by special causes. The reasons will be clearly set forth in the order.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2415. The original order for the journey, or a copy of same, and of all indorsements thereon, certified by a disinterested officer, must accompany all vouchers for mileage.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2416. Distances must "be calculated by the shortest usually traveled route," no matter by what route the travel was performed. Exception to this rule may be made only when the terms of the order, or impracticability of the "shortest usually traveled route," compel the officer to proceed by a longer route. In such case mileage may be paid for "each mile actually traveled." Lists of distances are furnished by the Paymaster General.-[G. O. 97, 1876.] 2417. Mileage cannot be allowed for such part of a distance as lies over that portion of a "railroad on which the troops and supplies of the United States are entitled to be transported free."-[G. O. 97, 1876; G. O. 58 and 107, 1879.]

2418. Officers entitled to mileage should inform themselves in advance of the "shortest usually traveled route," and obtain from the Quartermaster's Department orders for transportation over any part thereof included in the list of free roads.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2419. Officers whose orders entitle them to mileage may exercise the option of "mileage" for the entire journey (free railroads excluded); or of "transportation in kind" for the entire journey; or of "mileage" and "transportation in kind" for different parts of the same journey. But mileage cannot be allowed for any distance for which transportation in any other form has been furnished by the United States.-[G. O. 97, 1876.]

2420. Advance mileage may be paid, without special authority, when the distance to be traveled, exclusive of any part which may be embraced in the list of free roads, is not less than two thousand miles. This will not apply, however, to journeys in which the order contemplates delays at intermediate points, affording opportunity to collect mileage for completed travel.-[G. O. 97, 1876.] 2421. When transportation is provided for part only of the journey, it will be furnished by the "shortest usually traveled route." The distance for which mileage will be payable in such cases will be