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SIEGES.

1157. In the following regulations the besieging force is sup posed to be two divisions of Infantry and a brigade of Cavalry. The same principles govern in other cases.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 793.]

1158. The Brigadier Generals of Infantry serve, in turn, as Generals of the trenches; one or more of them are detailed daily, according to the front and number of attacks; they superintend the operations, and dispose the guards of the trenches to repulse sorties and protect the works. Officers of the General Staff are assigned to them to transmit their orders and attend to the details of service.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 794.]

1159. The Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels of Infantry alternate for duty in the trenches; one or more are detailed daily; they superintend the service of the guards and workmen in the part of the work to which the General of the trenches assigns them, being posted with troops of their own regiments in preference. The commandant of the siege may place the Colonels on the roster with the Brigadier Generals.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 795.]

1160. The commandants of Engineers and Artillery accompany the first troops before the place to examine the works and the approaches. When the Engineers have completed the reconnoissance of the works, and of each front as far as practicable, the commandant of Engineers makes a plan of the works as exact and detailed as possible, and, under the instructions of the General commanding the siege, draws up the general plan of the siege, and discusses it with the commandant of Artillery in regard to the best employment of that arm. These officers then submit their joint or separate opinions to the General, who decides on the plan of the siege, and gives the orders for the execution. The commandant of Engineers directs the construction of all the works of siege, under the authority of the General, and lays before him every day a report of his operations, and a plan showing the progress of the attack. The commandant of Artillery also makes daily reports to the General of all that relates to his branch of the service.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 796.]

1161. The Medical Director establishes the hospitals, and organizes the means for transporting the wounded to them.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 797.]

1162. The Commanding General appoints a field officer of the trenches, who is aided by one or two Captains or Lieutenants.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 798.]

1163. The field officer of the trenches is charged with all the details relative to the assembling of the guards and the workmen. He distributes the guards on the different points of the attack agreeably to the orders of the General of the trenches, and forms the detachments of workmen for the Engineers and Artillery; that he may be prepared for this distribution, he receives every day from

the Adjutant General a statement of the details for the next day. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 799.]

1164. On the arrival of the General of the trenches, the field officer of the trenches gives him all the information necessary to enable him to station the troops, attends him in his visit to the trenches, and takes his orders on the changes to be made in the position of the troops. The execution is intrusted to the commandants of the troops.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 800.]

1165. The field officer of the trenches sees that men and litters are always ready to bring off the wounded. One or more companies of the guards of the trenches are put under his immediate orders for the preservation of order and police in the trenches.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 801.]

1166. The divisions, brigades, regiments, and battalions are encamped during the siege in the order of battle. The service of the camp is conducted as heretofore prescribed.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 802.1

1167. The Infantry has two kinds of siege service-the guard of the trenches and the work of the trenches.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 803.] 1168. The guards of the trenches mount every day by battalions, in such order of detail that all the troops may take an equal share, and no part of the line be left too weak. If only one battalion be required, each division furnishes it alternately; if two, each division gives one; if three, one division furnishes two, the other one, alternately. The two battalions of the same division are not taken from the same brigade.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 804.]

1169. The detail for work of the trenches is by company, from all the regiments at one time, or in turn, and continues generally twelve hours. The detail from any regiment should never be less than a company. If only half a company be needed from all the regiments at a time, every other regiment furnishes a full company alternately.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 805.]

1170. The battalions for guard are detailed at least twelve hours in advance; they furnish no other details during this tour. If the whole regiment be called out, it leaves a sufficient police guard in camp.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 806.]

1171. Twenty-four hours, or twelve at least, before mounting guard in the trenches, the battalions detailed for guard do not furnish workmen; and the companies of those battalions whose tour it would have been to work in the trenches do not go there for twenty-four hours after guard, if possible, or at the least twelve.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 807.]

1172. The workmen who are required for other work than that of the trenches are taken from the roster for fatigue from the battalions and companies not employed in the trenches.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 808.]

1173. The battalions first for detail for guard of the trenches, and the companies first for detail for work in the trenches, furnish

no other details, and are held on picket, ready to march at the call of the field officer of the trenches.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 809.]

1174. Materials for the siege, such as fascines, gabions, hur dles, pickets, &c., are furnished by the different corps, in the pro portion ordered by the General.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 810.]

1175. Guards and workmen going to the trenches march with. out beat of drum or music.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 811.]

1176. At all times, and especially on the day the trenches are opened, every thing is avoided likely to attract the attention of the enemy. With this view, the General may vary the hour of relieving guards.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 812.]

1177. The chiefs of Engineers and Artillery make requisitions for workmen in advance, that the details may be made in time to prevent any delay in the work. They should exceed the number strictly required, that there may be a reserve for unforeseen wants. If this reserve be found insufficient, the General directs the field officer of the trenches to call on the picket.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 813.]

1178. Before the guards and workmen march, the field officer of the trenches arranges them so that each detachment can reach its ground without confusion. The troops are posted in the trenches according to the position of their regiments in the order of battle, and, as far as possible, the companies of workmen in like order. The reserves of workmen are placed at the depot of the trenches, or the nearest suitable place to the works. -[Regs. 1863, ¶ 814.]

1179. The workmen leave their knapsacks and swords in camp, and march with their fire-arms and cartridge-boxes, which they place near them while at work. They always carry their overcoats, to cover them in resting or when wounded.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 815.]

1180. The guards always enter the trenches with arms trailed, and the workmen also, unless they carry materials or tools, when the arms are in the sling.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 816.]

1181. The guards and detachments of workmen send a Corporal to the openings of the trenches to guide the relief. They march out of the trenches by the flank, with trailed arms.-[Regs. 1863, 817.]

1182. Sand-bags, forming loop-holes, are placed at intervals on the parapet to cover the sentinels; they are more numerous than the sentinels, so that the enemy may not know where the sentinels are placed.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 818.]

1183. When detachments are placed at night in advance of the trenches, to cover the workmen, the men sit or lie down, with their fire-arms in their hands, to hide themselves better from the enemy; the sentinels put their ears to the ground frequently, that they may hear troops coming out of the place. To prevent mistakes, the workmen are told what troops cover them.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 819.]

1184. No honors are paid in the trenches. When the General commanding the siege visits them, the guards place themselves in

The colors are never

rear of the banquette, and rest on their arms. carried to the trenches unless the whole regiment marches to repulse a sortie or make an assault. Even in this case they are not displayed until the General commanding the siege gives a formal order. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 820.]

1185. The materials of the siege of all kinds, together with the tools, are collected in part at the depots of the trenches, and in part at the openings of the trenches, or in such other place as has been appointed for the convenience of the service by the field officer of the trenches, on the advice of the chiefs of Artillery and Engineers. They are in charge of officers of Engineers and of Artillery, with guards or non-commissioned officers of both corps. But if these corps cannot furnish them, the chiefs apply for assistance from the Infantry.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 821.]

1186. The workmen, in going to the trenches, carry such tools and materials as are required by the Artillery and Engineers. In this case, the field officer of the trenches has notice and superintends. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 822.]

187. The soldiers sent to the trenches go with their cartridgeboxes filled. Cartridges, when needed, are sent to the trenches on the requisition of commanders of battalions, approved by the General of the trenches.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 823.]

1188. In the case of a sortie, the guards move rapidly to the places that have been designated by the General of the trenches, and which afford the best defense for the head of the works, the batteries, the communications, or the flanks, or best enable them to take the sortie itself in flank or reverse. Having lined the banquette to fire on the enemy, the troops form on the reverse of the trench to receive him. The workmen take arms, retain their positions, or retire with their tools, as ordered. The officers commanding the detachments of workmen see that their movements are made promptly and in good order, so as to avoid all confusion in the communications.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 824.]

1189. The troops that advance beyond the trenches to repulse the sortie must not follow in pursuit. The General takes care that they return to the trenches before the retreat of the sortie allows the artillery of the place to open on them. When the workmen return, the officers and non-commissioned officers of the detachments call the roll without interrupting the work, which is immediately resumed.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 825.]

1190. When it is necessary to dismount Cavalry and send them to the trenches, they should be employed as near their camp as possible, and posted between the detachments of Infantry.-[ Regs. 1863, 826.]

1191. Men belonging to the Cavalry may, in assaults, be employed in carrying fascines and other materials to fill ditches and make passages.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 827.]

1192. The general officers of Cavalry are more particularly em

ployed in the service of posts and detachments placed in observation to protect the siege. They and the field officers of this arm are employed in the command of escorts to convoys, of whatever arms the escorts may be composed. When these duties are not sufficient to employ them, they take their share of the duty of the trenches.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 828.]

1193. The officers of Engineers and Artillery of the trenches make to the General of the trenches a return of all losses in their troops, and such other reports on the work as he requires, in addition to the reports direct to their respective chiefs on the details of the service.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 829.]

1194. At the end of each tour, the field officer of the trenches draws up a report for the twenty-four hours to the General of the trenches. The General of the trenches reports to the General commanding the sicge.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 830.]

1195. The commanders of the several corps in the trenches report, when relieved, to their respective headquarters the losses during the tour, and the conduct of the officers and men.-[Regs. 1863, 831.]

1196. However practicable the breach may appear, or however ruined the works in rear of it, the heads of columns must always be supplied with ladders to get over unexpected obstacles.-[Regs. 1863, 832.]

1197. The General commanding the siege designates picked companies to protect property and persons, and prevent pillage and violence, from the moment the place is carried. The officers exert themselves to restrain the men.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 833.]

1198. The General designates the places requiring particular protection, such as churches, asylums, hospitals, colleges, schools, and magazines. The order for their protection should remind the soldiers of the penalty of disobeying it.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 834.]

1199. Whether the place be taken by assault or by capitulation, the provisions and military stores, and the public funds, are reserved for the use of the Army.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 835.]

1200. The commander of Engineers will keep a journal of the siege, showing the operations of each day in detail, the force employed on the work, the kind and quantity of materials used in them, &c. He will also mark on a plan of the ground the daily progress of the works, and make the necessary drawings explanatory of their construction.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 836.]

1201. The commander of the Artillery will keep a daily journal of the operations under his direction, showing the number and kind of pieces in battery, the force employed in serving them, the kind and quantity of ammunition expended, the number of rounds fired from each piece of ordnance, the effect of the fire, and all other particulars relative to his branch of the service.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 837.] 1202. These journals and drawings will be sent, after the siege, with the report of the General, to the War Department.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 838.]

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